Duality of patterns in hepatitis a epidemiology: A study involving two socioeconomically distinct populations  in Campinas, São Paulo state, Brazil

To evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A in two socioeconomically distinct populations, 101 and 82 serum samples from high and low socioeconomic groups, respectively, were analysed for the presence of IgG anti-HAV using a commercial ELISA. The prevalence in low socioeconomic level subjects was 95.0%, whereas in high socioeconomic subjects was only 19.6% (p<0.001). These data show a duality in Brazil: anti-HAV prevalence in low socioeconomic subjects is similar to that of developing countries, while in high socioeconomic subjects, a pattern typical of developed countries is found. The control of this infection in our country is primarily related to the improvement of sanitation, but especially for high socioeconomic level populations, the use of vaccination against hepatitis A is strongly advisable to avoid the occasional appearance of this disease in adults.

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Spatial Microsimulation Combined with Skater Regionalization Methods: A Study for the Paraíba Valley and North Coast Metropolitan Region Subregion 4 in the São Paulo State

Revista Brasileira de Cartografia ◽

10.14393/rbcv72n4-53160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 713-726

Author(s):

Gabriela Carvalho de Oliveira ◽

Tathiane Mayumi Anazawa ◽

Antonio Miguel Vieira Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Sao Paulo ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

North Coast ◽

São Paulo ◽

Iterative Proportional Fitting ◽

Socioeconomic Groups ◽

Paulo State ◽

The Social ◽

Spatial Microsimulation ◽

São Paulo State

This study analyzes the socio-occupational distribution in the Paraíba Valley and North Coast Metropolitan Region (in Portuguese: Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte – RMVPLN) Subregion 4 using spatial microsimulation techniques. To fulfill the proposed objective, the Iterative Proportional Fitting (IPF) technique was used to obtain spatial microdata in the territorial census tracts unit through the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census. After the Skater regionalization technique was applied, eight homogeneous socio-occupational groups were found. Overall, the proposed socio-occupational categories, studied at an intra-urban scale, allowed for highlighting the social structure on a subregion of the newest Metropolitan space in the São Paulo state. Although this is a preliminary study, it is already capable to identify inequalities degrees that consistently spatially segregate and the less privileged population socioeconomic groups.

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Hepatitis A antibodies in two socioeconomically distinct populations of São Paulo, Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651985000300009 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 162-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Claudio Sergio Pannuti ◽

João Silva de Mendonça ◽

Manoel J. M. Carvalho ◽

Gabriel Wolf Oselka ◽

Vicente Amato Neto

Keyword(s):

Developing Country ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Socioeconomic Level ◽

São Paulo ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Endemic Disease

To evaluate the prevalence of antibody against hepatitis A in two socioeconomically distinct populations of a developing country, 540 serum specimens from children and adults living in São Paulo, Brazil, were tested for IgG anti HAV by a commercial radioimunoassay (Havab, Abbott Laboratories). The prevalence of anti-HAV in low socioeconomic level subjects was 75.0% in children 2-11 years old and 100.0% in adults, whereas in middle socioeconomic level significantly lower prevalences were observed (40.3% in chidren 2-11 years old and 91.9% in adults). Voluntary blood donors of middle socioeconomic level showed a prevalence of 90.4%. These data suggest that hepatitis A infection remains a highly endemic disease in São Paulo, Brazil.

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Occurrence of Theileria equi in horses raised in the Jaboticabal microregion, São Paulo State, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612010000400007 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 228-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Cristiane Divan Baldani ◽

Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽

Rosangela Zacarias Machado

Keyword(s):

Blood Smear ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Theileria Equi ◽

Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Paulo State ◽

Blood Smears ◽

São Paulo State

Blood and serum samples from 170 horses raised in the Jaboticabal microregion, São Paulo State, Brazil, were collected and tested by microscopic examination of blood smears, indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) for Theileria equi infections. The association among the test results was verified by the McNemar test. During the examination of thin blood smears, parasites were detected in six (3.52%) horses. Anti-T. equi antibodies were detected in 100% sera samples, with titers ranging between 1:80 and 1:5120. The nPCR based on the T. equi merozoite antigen gene (EMA-1) allowed the visualization of specie-specific amplified product in 108 (63.53%) horses. All six samples judged positive microscopically were also positive for nPCR. Statistical analysis indicated general disagreement (p < 0.0001) between IFAT and nPCR; IFAT and blood smear; and nPCR and blood smear on the detection of parasite carriers. The results of the present study indicate that T. equi is widely spread among horses in the Jaboticabal microregion, Northeast region of São Paulo State, Brazil.

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Serologic survey for hantavirus infections among wild animals in rural areas of São Paulo State, Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652001000600005 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 325-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nicolina Silvana ROMANO-LIEBER ◽

Joyce YEE ◽

Brian HJELLE

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Paulo State ◽

Blood Clots ◽

Viral Cdna ◽

São Paulo State

A serosurvey was conducted in wild animals captured close to two areas where hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) occurred in São Paulo State, Brazil. Serum samples from a total of 43 mammals were tested for antibodies reactive with Sin Nombre (SN) hantavirus using a strip immunoblot assay. RNAs from the blood clots of the positive samples were submitted to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two rodents of the genus Oligoryzomys were positive for hantavirus antibodies. These animals were captured in the Iguape region and represented 16.7% (2/12) of the sera from rodents and 100.0% (2/2) of the Oligoryzomys captured in that area. RT-PCR failed to amplify any viral cDNA. These results are in agreement with other data that suggest that members of this genus are important reservoirs of hantaviruses in Brazil.

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Risk factors and presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2010000200011 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 161-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rodrigo Costa da Silva ◽

Luiz Carlos de Souza ◽

Hélio Langoni ◽

Erika Maemi Tanaka ◽

Vanessa Yuri de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Food Ingestion ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Paulo State ◽

Untreated Water ◽

São Paulo State

Toxoplasmosis is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and affects warm-blooded vertebrates, including pets and man. Dogs are epidemio-logically important since they act as sentinels for the infection in humans. The present study aimed to determine the presence of antibodies to T. gondii in 205 serum samples from dogs in Ubatuba, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, through indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFAT), as well as the risk factors related to toxoplasmosis in the animals such as breed, age, sex, access to outdoors, homemade food ingestion, access to untreated water, and contact with rodents. Toxoplasmosis-positive samples accounted for 52/205 (25.4%), with titers ranging from 16 to 256. The serological results presented significant association (P<0.05) with homemade food ingestion (45/118; 38.1%; CI95% 29.9%-47.2%) (OR=7.0; CI95% 3.0-16.6), and with access to outdoors where those that do not have access to the street were prevalent (37/121; 30.6%; CI95% 23.1%-39.3%) (OR=0.5; CI95% 0.2-1.0). These results show that toxoplasmosis in this region is related to problems of sanitary education, mainly concerning the appropriate cooking of foods, since most positive animals did not show significant association with the presence of rodents or untreated water consumption but showed, instead association with ingestion of homemade food. Thus, toxoplasmosis is a public health problem in the studied region, and sanitary measures are needed to control the infection due to the strict relationship between man and dog and the presented risk factors

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