Molecular detection of HPV 16 and 18 in cervical samples of patients from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of HPV infection and the types 16 and 18 in cervical samples from patients attended at two public health services of the city of Belo Horizonte, MG. METHODS: Cervical samples from 174 patients were collected for cytopathological and molecular tests. HPV infection was searched by PCR utilizing MY09 and MY11 primers or HPV 16 and HPV 18 specific primers. RESULTS: Amongst the 174 samples analyzed, 20.7% presented squamous intraepithelial and/or invasive lesions detected on cytopathological analysis and of those, 94.4% were infected by HPV. HPV 16 was found in 20% of the cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and in 40% and 50% of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and squamous invasive carcinoma, respectively. HPV 18 was detected in 6.7% of the low-grade lesion samples and in two HPV16 co-infected samples. In 50% of the cases of high-grade lesion, the HPV type was not determined. CONCLUSION: The HPV 16 was the virus type more frequently detected. However, more than 50% of the positive samples at the cytopathological analysis were negative for HPV 16 and 18, indicating that possibly other virus types are present in relative high frequencies in the studied population.

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Do Infection Patterns of Human Papillomavirus Affect the Cytologic Detection of High-Grade Cervical Lesions on Papanicolaou Tests?

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/arpa.2016-0478-oa ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 142 (3) ◽

pp. 347-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Siavash Azadmanesh Samimi ◽

Roxanne R. Mody ◽

Steven Goodman ◽

Eric Luna ◽

Donna Armylagos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hpv Infection ◽

Low Grade ◽

Lower Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Atypical Squamous Cell ◽

Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Intraepithelial Lesions ◽

Hpv 18

Context.— Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is the major cause of cervical cancer. The effect of HPV infection patterns on cytologic detection of cervical lesions is unknown. Objective.— To determine the effect of HPV infection patterns on the sensitivity of cytologic detection of high-grade cervical lesions. Design.— Papanicolaou tests from 257 women with biopsy-confirmed, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were analyzed with respect to HPV infection patterns. Results.— Among 257 biopsy-confirmed, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cases, the preceding cytology showed 20 cases (8%) were benign; 166 cases (65%) were low-grade cervical lesions, including atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; and 71 cases (28%) were high-grade cervical lesions, including atypical squamous cells cannot rule out high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (atypical squamous cell–high), atypical glandular cells, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. In 236 cases tested for HPV, those exhibiting low-grade cervical lesions on cytology were often associated with coinfections of mixed hrHPV genotypes (31 of 40; 78%) or non-16/18 hrHPV (75/103; 73%), compared with single-genotype infections of HPV-16 (33 of 62; 53%) or HPV-18 (2 of 6; 33%) (P = .001). In contrast, high-grade cervical lesion cytomorphology tended to associate with the single-genotype infection of HPV-16 (20 of 62; 32%) or HPV-18 (3 of 6; 50%), compared with non-16/18 hrHPV (25 of 103; 24%) or multigenotype infection (8 of 40; 20%) (P = .01). Conclusions.— Our findings suggest that multigenotypic or non-16/18 hrHPV infections often produce deceptive lower-grade cytomorphology, which could result in underdiagnosis and delay of treatment. The HPV infection patterns may offer unrecognized benefit beyond HPV genotyping and should be considered during clinical risk evaluation of women with lower-grade cytology.

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PREVALENCE OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS GENOTYPES IN LOW AND HIGH GRADE SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS AT CERVICAL TISSUE

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v53i4.7157 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 258

Author(s):

Rizki Eko Prasetyo ◽

Gondo Mastutik ◽

Sjahjenny Mustokoweni

Keyword(s):

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Multiple Infection ◽

Single Infection ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Cervical Precancerous Lesions ◽

Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Intraepithelial Lesions

HPV infection is known to cause cervical cancer. This study aimed to identify the variant of HPV genotypes of cervical precancerous lesions from low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). This was an explorative study using formalin fix paraffin embedded (FFPE) from cervical precancerous lesions at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. DNA was extracted from FFPE and hybridized for HPV genotyping using Ampliquality HPV Type Express kit (AB ANALITICA) by reverse line blot techniques. The results showed that there were variants of HPV genotype in LSIL. The variants were HPV16 (8/15), HPV18 (3/15), HPV52 (1/15), HPV6+31 (1/15), HPV6+18 (1/15), and HPV72+68 (1/15), and in HSIL which were HPV16 (4/10), HPV18 (2/10), HPV59 (1/10), HPV6+45 (1/10), HPV61+26 (1/10), and HPV16+31 (1/10). The characteristics of infection in LSIL were single infection of high-risk (hr) HPV and multiple infection of low-risk (lr)+hr HPV, and in HSIL were single infection of HPVhr, multiple infection of HPVhr+hr and HPVlr+hr. In conclusion, HPV prevalence in cervical precancerous lesions is single infection by HPV16 (48%), HPV18 (20%), HPV52 (4%), HPV59 (4%), and multiple infection by HPV6+31, HPV6+18, HPV6+45, HPV16+31, HPV61+26, HPV72+68 is 4%.

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Human papillomaviruses 16 and 58 are distributed widely among women living in Shanghai, China, with high-grade, squamous intraepithelial lesions

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268818003011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Xu ◽

Z. Xia ◽

L. Wang ◽

B. Yang ◽

Y. Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomaviruses ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Hpv Dna Tests ◽

Intraepithelial Lesions

AbstractThe distribution of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) must be understood for the control and prevention of cervical cancer. Community-based Papanicolaou and HPV DNA tests were performed on 41 578 women. The prevalences of HPV genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 were assessed. In total, 10% women were infected/co-infected by these HPVs. The infection rate increased from 7.1% in women aged ⩽30 years to 10.4% in those aged 50–60 years, and then decreased slightly to 9.9% in those aged >60 years. The HPV 16 and 58 positivity rates were significantly higher among women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) than among those with cervicitis/negativity for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) or low-grade SILs (LSILs). The HPV 18, 52 and 68 infection rates were significantly lower in women with HSILs than in those with NILM or LSILs. The proportion of women infected by multiple HPV strains was higher among those with HSILs. The proportions of the five most common genotypes, HPV 16, 18, 33, 52 and 58, increased with the number of co-infecting strains. HPV 16 and 58 were the high-risk HPVs in the Shanghai community and should be the focus in HPV screening and vaccination.

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Human Papillomavirus genotypes in cervical intraepithelial lesions among women at two referral centers in Brazil

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.3.0064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 082-089

Author(s):

Roberto Borges Bezerra ◽

Ariani Impieri Souza ◽

Rodrigo Alves Pinto ◽

Miguel Angelo Martins Moreira ◽

Liz Maria de Almeida

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions ◽

Cervical Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Hpv Genotypes ◽

Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Intraepithelial Lesions

This study aimed to describe Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) genotypes and women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) sociodemographic characteristics at the oncology reference centers. A secondary data of 325 records on women with CIN were analyzed from a cohort study database conducted in two public institutions in the oncological service in the Northeast of Brazil, from July 2014 to February 2016. The HPV genotype analysis was carried out on 142 through viral DNA sequence after amplifying PCR technique and compared the sequences identified in the GenBank databases. The women were predominantly 25 to 39 years old. The 325 biopsies revealed 17.6% low-grade of cervical intraepithelial lesion (CIN1) and 82.4% high-grade of cervical intraepithelial lesion (CIN2 or CIN3). Among the 142 HPV genotypes the most prevalent was HPV-16 (51.7%), followed by HPV-35 (6.9%) and HPV-45 (6.2%). HPV-18 was in only 2.1%. There was an association between HPV-16 and high-grade lesions (CIN2 or CIN3) (p=0.008). Although HPV-16 was the predominant genotype in cervical intraepithelial lesions, especially high-grade lesions (CIN2 or CIN3), HPV-35 was the second most frequent in high-grade lesions in this population. This suggests that other HPVs may be as prevalent as those commonly known in some regions.

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HPV-16 E7-Specific Cellular Immune Response in Women With Cervical Intraepithelial Lesion Contributes to Viral Clearance: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Clinical Study

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.768144 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Lina Zhang ◽

Xinyi Shi ◽

Qing Zhang ◽

Zhilei Mao ◽

Xiaoyu Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Response ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

T Cell Response ◽

Viral Clearance ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Longitudinal Clinical Study

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of almost all cervical cancers. HPV16 is one of the main risk subtypes. Although screening programs have greatly reduced the prevalence of cervical cancer in developed countries, current diagnostic tests cannot predict if mild lesions may progress into invasive lesions or not. In the current cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical study, we found that the HPV16 E7-specific T cell response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HPV16-infected patients is related to HPV16 clearance. It contributes to protecting the squamous interaepithelial lesion (SIL) from further malignant development. Of the HPV16 infected women enrolled (n = 131), 42 had neither intraepithelial lesion nor malignancy (NILM), 33 had low-grade SIL, 39 had high-grade SIL, and 17 had cervical cancer. Only one of 17 (5.9%) cancer patients had a positive HPV16 E7-specific T cell response, dramatically lower than the groups of precancer patients. After one year of follow-up, most women (28/33, 84.8%) with persistent HPV infection did not exhibit a HPV16 E7-specific T cell response. Furthermore, 3 malignantly progressed women, one progressed to high-grade SIL and two progressed to low-grade SIL, were negative to the HPV16 E7-specific T cell response. None of the patients with a positive HPV16 E7-specific T cell response progressed to further deterioration. Our observation suggests that HPV16 E7-specific T cell immunity is significant in viral clearance and contributes in protection against progression to malignancy.

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Early Age at First Sexual Intercourse is Associated with Higher Prevalence of High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL)

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics ◽

10.1055/s-0036-1597973 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (02) ◽

pp. 080-085 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José Xavier-Júnior ◽

Rozany Dufloth ◽

Diama Vale ◽

Marcelo Lima ◽

Luiz Zeferino

Keyword(s):

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽

First Sexual Intercourse ◽

Squamous Cells ◽

Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Prevalence Ratios ◽

Intraepithelial Lesions

Objective To evaluate the association of age at first sexual intercourse with the results of the cervicovaginal cytology. Study Design Observational analytical study about the prevalence of altered cervicovaginal cytology results in women aged between 18 and 34 years from a densely populated area in Brazil, during 10 years. The patients were stratified into 2 categories according to their age at first sexual intercourse (13–16 years and 17–24 years). Results From the total of 2,505,154 exams, 898,921 tests were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Considering women with 4 years or less from the first sexual intercourse as a reference, those with 5 to 9 years and 10 years or more showed a higher prevalence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Women with an earlier onset of sexual intercourse (13–16 years) showed higher prevalence ratios for atypical squamous cells (ASC), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and HSIL. The prevalence ratio for HSIL adjusted by age at diagnosis and by age at first sexual intercourse was higher only for women with an earlier onset of sexual intercourse. Conclusions The age of first sexual intercourse could be a variable that might qualify the selection among young women who are really at a higher risk for HSIL.

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Enhanced disease progression due to persistent HPV-16/58 infections in Korean women: a systematic review and the Korea HPV cohort study

Virology Journal ◽

10.1186/s12985-021-01657-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jaehyun Seong ◽

Sangmi Ryou ◽

JeongGyu Lee ◽

Myeongsu Yoo ◽

Sooyoung Hur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

High Grade ◽

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Persistent Infections ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

Risk Of Disease ◽

Intraepithelial Lesions

Abstract Background Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a key factor for the development and progression of cervical cancer. We sought to identify the type-specific HPV prevalence by cervical cytology and assess disease progression risk based on high-risk persistent HPV infection in South Korea. Methods To investigate the HPV prevalence by Pap results, we searched seven literature databases without any language or date restrictions until July 17, 2019. To estimate the risk of disease progression by HPV type, we used the Korea HPV Cohort study data. The search included the terms “HPV” and “Genotype” and “Korea.” Studies on Korean women, type-specific HPV distribution by cytological findings, and detailed methodological description of the detection assay were included. We assessed the risk of disease progression according to the high-risk HPV type related to the nonavalent vaccine and associated persistent infections in 686 HPV-positive women with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions from the Korea HPV Cohort Study. Type-specific HPV prevalence was the proportion of women positive for a specific HPV genotype among all HPV-positive women tested for that genotype in the systematic review. Results We included 23 studies in our review. HPV-16 was the most prevalent, followed by HPV-58, -53, -70, -18, and -68. In women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, including cancer, HPV-16, -18, and -58 were the most prevalent. In the longitudinal cohort study, the adjusted hazard ratio of disease progression from atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was significantly higher among those with persistent HPV-58 (increase in risk: 3.54–5.84) and HPV-16 (2.64–5.04) infections. Conclusions While HPV-16 was the most prevalent, persistent infections of HPV-16/58 increased the risk of disease progression to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Therefore, persistent infections of HPV-16 and -58 are critical risk factors for cervical disease progression in Korea. Our results suggest that equal attention should be paid to HPV-58 and -16 infections and provide important evidence to assist in planning the National Immunization Program in Korea.

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Enhanced disease progression due to persistent HPV-16/58 infections in Korean women: A systematic review and the Korea HPV cohort study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-503978/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jaehyun Seong ◽

Sangmi Ryou ◽

JeongGyu Lee ◽

Myeongsu Yoo ◽

Sooyoung Hur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

High Grade ◽

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Persistent Infections ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

Risk Of Disease ◽

Intraepithelial Lesions

Abstract Background Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a key factor for the development and progression of cervical cancer. We sought to identify the type-specific HPV prevalence by cervical cytology and assess disease progression risk based on high-risk persistent HPV infection in South Korea. Methods To investigate the HPV prevalence by Pap results, we searched seven literature databases without any language or date restrictions until July 17, 2019. To estimate the risk of disease progression by HPV type, we used the Korea HPV Cohort study data. The search included the terms “HPV” and “Genotype” and “Korea.” Studies on Korean women, type-specific HPV distribution by cytological findings, and detailed methodological description of the detection assay were included. We assessed the risk of disease progression according to the high-risk HPV type related to the nonavalent vaccine and associated persistent infections in 686 HPV-positive women with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions from the Korea HPV Cohort Study. Type-specific HPV prevalence was the proportion of women positive for a specific HPV genotype among all HPV-positive women tested for that genotype in the systematic review. Results We included 23 studies in our review. HPV-16 was the most prevalent, followed by HPV-58, -53, -70, -18, and − 68. In women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, including cancer, HPV-16, -18, and − 58 were the most prevalent. In the longitudinal cohort study, the adjusted hazard ratio of disease progression from atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was significantly higher among those with persistent HPV-58 (increase in risk: 3.54 to 5.84) and HPV-16 (2.64 to 5.04) infections. Conclusions While HPV-16 was the most prevalent, persistent infections of HPV-16/58 increased the risk of disease progression to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Therefore, persistent infections of HPV-16 and − 58 are critical risk factors for cervical disease progression in Korea. Our results suggest that equal attention should be paid to HPV-58 and − 16 infections and provide important evidence to assist in planning the National Immunization Program in Korea.

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The CpG island methylator phenotype increases the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer

Clinical Epigenetics ◽

10.1186/s13148-021-01224-0 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jaqueline Loaeza-Loaeza ◽

Berenice Illades-Aguiar ◽

Oscar del Moral-Hernández ◽

Yaneth Castro-Coronel ◽

Marco A. Leyva-Vázquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Cpg Island ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽

Cpg Island Methylator Phenotype ◽

Methylator Phenotype ◽

Intraepithelial Lesions

Abstract Background High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, but additional alterations are necessary for its development. Abnormal DNA methylation has an important role in the origin and dissemination of cervical cancer and other human tumors. In this work, we analyzed the methylation of eight genes (AJAP1, CDH1, CDH13, MAGI2, MGMT, MYOD1, RASSF1A and SOX17) that participate in several biological processes for the maintenance of cell normality. We analyzed DNA methylation by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and HPV infection using the INNO‑LiPA genotyping kit in 59 samples diagnostic of normal cervical tissue (non-SIL), 107 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 29 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and 51 cervical cancers (CCs). Results We found that all samples of LSIL, HSIL, and CC were HPV-positive, and the genotypes with higher frequencies were 16, 18, 51 and 56. In general, the genes analyzed displayed a significant tendency toward an increase in methylation levels according to increasing cervical lesion severity, except for the CDH13 gene. High CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) was associated with a 50.6-fold (95% CI 4.72–2267.3)-increased risk of HSIL and a 122-fold risk of CC (95% CI 10.04–5349.7). Conclusions We found that CIMP high was significantly associated with HSIL and CC risk. These results could indicate that CIMP together with HR-HPV infection and other factors participates in the development of HSIL and CC.

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Cytologic Features of Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion in ThinPrep Papanicolaou Test Slides and Conventional Smears: Comparison of Cases That Performed Poorly With Those That Performed Well in the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2005-129-23-cfolsi ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 129 (1) ◽

pp. 23-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrew A. Renshaw ◽

Barbara Dubray-Benstein ◽

Jennifer Haja ◽

Jonathan H. Hughes

Keyword(s):

Interlaboratory Comparison ◽

Pap Test ◽

Median Number ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Papanicolaou Test ◽

Abnormal Cells ◽

Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Intraepithelial Lesions

Abstract Context.—Both conventional and ThinPrep Papanicolaou smears with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions that are frequently missed are known to have relatively few abnormal cells. Whether this is also true of cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion is not known. Objective.—To compare the cytologic features of cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion that perform poorly with the features of cases that perform well. Design.—The cytologic features of 10 ThinPrep Pap Test and conventional smear cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion that performed poorly in the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program were compared with 46 ThinPrep Pap Test and conventional smear cases that performed extremely well. The numbers of abnormal cells were categorized into less than 50, 51 to 100, 101 to 250, 251 to 500, and more than 500. Results.—The median number of abnormal cells for cases that performed poorly was less than 50, whereas the median number of abnormal cells for cases that performed well was between 101 and 250. Overall, cases that performed poorly were significantly more likely to have less than 50, less than 100, and less than 250 abnormal cells than cases that performed well (P < .001, P < .001, and P = .009, respectively). A minority of cases performed well even with very few abnormal cells and groups. The same findings were present when conventional smears and ThinPrep specimens were analyzed separately. Conclusions.—ThinPrep Pap Test cases and conventional smears with a diagnosis of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion that perform poorly in this program have significantly fewer abnormal cells than those that perform well. The median number of abnormal cells in cases that performed well is lower than that of comparable high-grade cases in the program.

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