scholarly journals Comparison of small mammal prevalence of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana in five foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Campeche, Mexico

Author(s):  
N.R. Van Wynsberghe ◽  
S.B. Canto-Lara ◽  
E.I. Sosa-Bibiano ◽  
N.A. Rivero-Cárdenas ◽  
F.J. Andrade-Narváez

In the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, 95% of the human cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis are caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana with an incidence rate of 5.08 per 100,000 inhabitants. Transmission is limited to the winter months (November to March). One study on wild rodents has incriminated Ototylomys phyllotis and Peromyscus yucatanicus as primary reservoirs of L. (L.) mexicana in the focus of La Libertad, Campeche. In the present study, the prevalence of both infection and disease caused by L. (L.) mexicana in small terrestrial mammals were documented during five transmission seasons (1994-2004) in five foci of Leishmaniasis in the state of Campeche. Foci separated by only 100 km, with similar relative abundances of small mammals, were found to differ significantly in their prevalence of both symptoms and infection. Transmission rates and reservoir species seemed to change in space as well as in time which limited the implementation of effective control measures of the disease even in a small endemic area such as the south of the Yucatan Peninsula.

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 995-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando J Andrade-Narvaez ◽  
Silvia B Canto Lara ◽  
Nicole R Van Wynsberghe ◽  
Eduardo A Rebollar-Tellez ◽  
Alberto Vargas-Gonzalez ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando J. Andrade-Narvaez ◽  
Salvador Medina-Peralta ◽  
Alberto Vargas-Gonzalez ◽  
Silvia B. Canto-Lara ◽  
Sergio Estrada-Parra

Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LCL) known as "chiclero's ulcer" in southeast Mexico, was described by SEIDELIN in 1912. Since then the sylvatic region of the Yucatan peninsula has been documented as an endemic focus of LCL. This study of 73 biopsies from parasitological confirmed lesions of LCL cases of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana infection was undertaken: 1) to examine host response at tissue level; and 2) to relate manifestations of this response to some characteristics of clinical presentation. Based on Magalhães' classification we found that the most common pattern in our LCL cases caused by L. (L.) mexicana was predominantly characterized by the presence of unorganized granuloma without necrosis, (43.8%). Another important finding to be highlighted is the fact that in 50/73 (68.5%) parasite identification was positive. There was direct relation between the size of the lesion and time of evolution (r s = 0.3079, p = 0.03), and inverse correlation between size of the lesion and abundance of amastigotes (r s = -0.2467, p = 0.03). In view of the complexity of clinical and histopathological findings, cell-mediated immune response of the disease related to clinical and histopathological features, as so genetic background should be studied.


2019 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
I. V. Karikh ◽  
V. V. Myrgorod-Karpova

Most countries in the world are building a state system of financial control and control over international finances, taking into account the fundamental principles laid down in international legal sources and on the basis of world experience. The realization of the task of ensuring sustainable economic, social and political development of Ukraine requires further investigation of the problems of establishing effective control over international finances and initiating the reform process in this field, which can become a key element in the complex systemic transformations in the financial sphere and the construction of a new financial system of the state. We believe that Ukraine should look for the most important challenges of today, drawing on international experience in this field, with a view to its further use. The importance and importance of using foreign experience is also closely linked to the process of state integration into the world community and the implementation of international practice of financial control. Therefore, it is crucial for Ukraine to study foreign experience of financial control and to borrow appropriate experience in this field in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the domestic financial control system. It should be noted that the global practice in the field of financial control is extremely voluminous and multifaceted, it has different approaches to the organization and implementation of control measures, most of which have been validated over time. N. Lazareva and GV Dmitrenko point out that the choice of a particular model is based on the relevant factors: the state of democratic development of society and the level of construction of civil society, the specifics of the distribution of powers between branches of government, the normalized form of government, historically accepted in the state form of government, historically the way of development of statehood and development of institute of financial control [2, p. 68; 3, p. 22]. Most countries in the world have gone a long way in finding ways to develop and build financial control. The highest financial control authorities in most countries of the world have endured a long period of searching for their effective functioning and implementation of really effective control measures. For example, the National Audit Office of Great Britain was formed in 1120, the Regular Audit Organization of Belgium - 1386, the General Chamber of Prussia - 1714, the Main Accountancy Chamber of the Principality of Warsaw - 1808, etc. [4, p. 127]. Such bodies were far from the current vision of public authorities in the area of financial control. However, they have become the prototype of the current institutions, with a defined range of tasks, functions, powers and goals for their implementation. Given the challenges and needs of today, the powers of such institutions and bodies have been expanded to control the cash provided or received in the form of international financial assistance. Unfortunately, historically Ukraine has been deprived of the possibility of gradually building state institutions in this area. Gaining independence in 1991 put the country in a position to address key challenges to economic development and the effective functioning of public authorities and government. Considering this fact, we consider that foreign experience in any sphere for Ukraine is the most valuable source of solving urgent problems, including the borrowing of the world practice of organization of financial control, control in the sphere of international finances and proper regulatory fixing of such mechanism. Keywords: international finance, international financial assistance, control over international finance in Ukraine.


2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Dorottya Angyal ◽  
Nuno Simões ◽  
Maite Mascaró

This study provides an updated checklist and an illustrated guide to the 17 currently known stygobiont Malacostraca species of the state of Yucatan (Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico). The compilation is based on the individuals collected during our cave-diving expeditions (2016–2019), and, has the purpose of expanding previous knowledge on the taxonomy of these subterranean crustaceans. The identification guide contains drawings of the main diagnostic characters of the species as well as a brief introduction of the relevant malacostracan orders. The information is further complemented with a historic account and timeline of the stygobiont Malacostraca species of the Yucatan Peninsula. This is the first study that provides a unified tool for the morphological identification of these highly endemic species.


2001 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando J Andrade-Narváez ◽  
Alberto Vargas-González ◽  
Silvia B Canto-Lara ◽  
Alma G Damián-Centeno

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 847-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. de Jesús Yáñez Morales ◽  
I. Alanis Martínez ◽  
J. Manuel Soto Rocha ◽  
D. K. Malvick ◽  
J. E. Kurle ◽  
...  

Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd is a destructive foliar disease of soybean (Glycine max L), which was first confirmed in North America in Louisiana during 2004 (4). Soybean rust (SBR) has also been reported late in the growing season as far north as Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa. SBR was first confirmed in Mexico in 2005 in the state of San Luis Potosi on soybean (3) and subsequently reported in the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and the southwestern coast of Chiapas. Symptoms of SBR were observed on leaves of multiple, nearly mature soybean plants near the city of Campeche (19.72796°N, 90.0771°W) on the Gulf Coast of the Yucatan Peninsula during November 2008. Angular and irregular chlorotic lesions on leaves contained necrotic spots and pale brown, erumpent, cone-like uredinia with a central opening. Ellipsoid to obovoid, echinulate, light tan urediniospores (10 to 13 × 16 to 18 μm) were observed microscopically. DNA was extracted from leaf tissue containing uredinia and from asymptomatic tissue with the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). P. pachyrhizi was confirmed in the symptomatic leaves by a PCR assay with Ppm1/Ppa2 primers, but not from the asymptomatic leaves (1). Subsequently, the DNA extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf tissues was tested again in another laboratory by a specific quantitative PCR assay (1), and positive results for the presence of soybean rust were obtained only from the symptomatic tissue. As a final confirmatory step, amplified DNA from the PCR assay was sequenced, and the results matched P. pachyrhizi sequences in the GenBank database. To our knowledge, these observations confirm for the first time the presence of P. pachyrhizi in the state of Campeche of southern Mexico. Although it was confirmed on soybean during 2008, it is not known how long the pathogen has been present or which other hosts may be infected there. The presence of SBR on the Yucatan Peninsula is significant because of its potential effects on local plant hosts. In addition, the climate allows possible year-round survival of the pathogen and long-distance transport of urediniospores to the United States. Potential transport of SBR spores from this part of Mexico to the United States has been reported through the application of NOAA's HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Transport) model and atmospheric back-trajectory analysis (2). References: (1) R. D. Frederick et al. Phytopathology 92:217, 2002. (2) S. V. Krupa et al. Plant Dis. 90:1254, 2006. (3) A. C. Rodriguez et al. Plant Dis. 90:1260, 2006. (4) R. W. Schneider et al. Plant Dis. 89:774, 2005.


1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Metcalf ◽  
Kent V. Flannery

AbstractA feline sculpture in serpentinite from Dsibalchen on the Yucatan Peninsula (probably in the northeast part of the state of Campeche) was found by Teobert Maler in 1887. Its half-human face shares characteristics of the Olmec "were-jaguar" sculptures of Veracruz and Tabasco.


2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Edileuza Felinto de Brito ◽  
Maria Sandra Andrade ◽  
Filipe Dantas-Torres ◽  
Eduardo Henrique Gomes Rodrigues ◽  
Milena de Paiva Cavalcanti ◽  
...  

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a complex disease with clinical and epidemiological features that may vary from region to region. In fact, at least seven different Leishmania species, including Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni, Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi, Leishmania (Viannia) shawi, Leishmania (Viannia) lindenbergi, and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, have been implicated in the etiology of ACL in Brazil, and numerous phlebotomine sandfly species of the genus Lutzomyia have been regarded as putative or proven vectors. Because ACL is a focal disease, understanding the disease dynamics at the local level is essential for the implementation of more effective control measures. The present paper is a narrative review about the ACL epidemiology in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Furthermore, the need for more effective diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention strategies for the affected populations is highlighted. This paper will provide researchers with a critical appraisal of ACL in Pernambuco. Hopefully, it will also be helpful for public health authorities to improve current control strategies against ACL at the state and country levels.


Check List ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell S. Alix ◽  
Robin W. Scribailo

Chara drouetii R.D. Wood, 1965 was recently collected during floristic surveys of aquatic macrophytes in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. This discovery represents the first documented record for this species from the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. This report extends the range of Chara drouetii by approximately 300 km east of the nearest known occurrence of this species in Mexico and approximately 6,000 km northwest of the type locality (municipality of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil). Comparative morphometric data on diagnostic taxonomic characters of this species are presented.


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