scholarly journals Behavior of Schistosoma mansoni-induced histopathological lesions in Biomphalaria glabrata submitted to ionizing radiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine M. Azevedo ◽  
Claudia Cunha Borges ◽  
Zilton A. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Other Hand

Present report demonstrates that repeated radiation of Schistosoma mansoni-infected Biomphalaria glabrata, totaling 15,000 rads, caused a sudden, albeit transient, suppression of cercarial shedding. Initially, sporocysts practically disappeared from the snail tissues. The more resistant developing cercariae presented nuclear clumping and vacuolation, before undergoing lysis. No host tissue reaction was evident at any time. Thirty-four days after the last irradiation, the snails resumed cercarial elimination. By that time numerous sporocysts and developing cercariae were detected, disseminated throughout snail tissues in a pattern similar to that of a highly malignant neoplasm, with no signs of host cellular reactions, which on the other hand were present in non-irradiated infected controls. The region of the ovo-testis was apparently destroyed after radiation, but returned to its normal appearance around 40 days after the last radiation. Ionizing radiation affected both host and parasite in S. mansoni-infected Biomphalaria glabrata, but the resulting impressive changes were soon reversed.

scholarly journals Effect of wide spectrum anti-helminthic drugs upon Schistosoma mansoni experimentally infected mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Finardi PANCERA ◽  
Adriana Leal ALVES ◽  
Maria Aparecida PASCHOALOTTI ◽  
Pedro Paulo CHIEFFI
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Evolution Period

Mebendazole, albendazole, levamisole and thiabendazole are well known as active drugs against several nematode species, and against cestodes as well, when the first two drugs are considered. None of the drugs have proven activity, however, against trematodes. We tested the effect of these drugs on the fecal shedding of schistosome eggs and the recovering of adult schistosomes, after portal perfusion in Schistosoma mansoni experimentally infected mice. Balb/c mice infected with 80 S. mansoni cercariae were divided into three groups, each in turn subdivided into four other groups, for each tested drug. The first group was treated with each one of the studied drugs 25 days after S. mansoni infection; the second group was submitted to treatment with each one of the drugs 60 days after infection. Finally, the third group, considered as control, received no treatment. No effect upon fecal shedding of S. mansoni eggs and recovering of schistosomes after portal perfusion was observed when mice were treated with either mebendazole or albendazole. Mice treated with either levamisole or thiabendazole, on the other hand, showed a significant reduction in the recovering of adult schistosomes after portal perfusion, mainly when both drugs were given during the schistosomula evolution period, i.e., 25 days after cercariae penetration, probably due to unspecific immunomodulation

Part II. Growth of explosion - The growth of explosion in solids

1958 ◽  
Vol 246 (1245) ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sharp Transition ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Other Hand

It is evident from the previous papers that we know a good deal about the initiation of explosion in solids. On the other hand, the processes which take place during the growth of explosion from a nucleus of decomposition are not all clearly understood. We can summarize the different stages which can occur between initiation of reaction and detonation in the following way. (1) Initiation of reaction in the solid by a suitable source of energy, e. g. hes light, shock, ionizing radiation, etc. (2) The growth of reaction from this region of decomposition into an acceleration burning. This can attain speeds up to several hundred metres per second. (3) A sharp transition from burning to low-velocity detonation. (4) Propagation of low-velocity detonation with a velocity in the region 1000 m/s. (5) Propagation of high-velocity detonation at a velocity of about 5000 m/s higher.

scholarly journals Strain variation in the infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni for Biomphalaria glabrata

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Candido de Souza Dias ◽  
John I. Bruce ◽  
Gerald C. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Five strains of Schistosoma mansoni resistant and susceptible to schistosomicides were studied for infectivity of 2 strains of Biomphalaria glabrata one of Puerto Rican origin and the other of Brazilian origin. Puerto Rican strains of S. Mansoni developed more slowly and had a lower infectivity in Brazilian B. glabrata than did the Brazilian S. mansoni. However, Brazilian S. Mansoni developed as well in Puerto Rican snails as in Brazilian snails, indicating that drug resistant strains could easily be moved by travel of infected persons from one area to another.

scholarly journals Behavior of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in planorbids

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1b) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. S. Banevicius ◽  
E. M. Zanotti-Magalhães ◽  
L. A. Magalhães ◽  
A. X. Linhares
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Terrestrial Mollusks

Some terrestrial mollusks are natural hosts of Angiostrongylus costaricensis. In the laboratory, this nematode can be maintained in certain planorbids, which are aquatic mollusks and intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. Mollusks can be infected with Angiostrongylus costaricensis by ingestion of or active penetration by the first-stage larvae. In this work we assessed the ability of Biomphalaria glabrata to attract first-stage larvae of A. costaricensis. Movement of the nematode larvae towards the mollusks was observed after 15 min, 30 min and 1 h. B. glabrata did not attract the first-stage larvae of A. costaricensis in any of the three intervals. The susceptibility of two populations of Biomphalaria tenagophila to infection by A. costaricensis was also determined. One population was genetically selected for the susceptibility to S. mansoni while the other was not. Third-stage larvae were recovered from the snails 30 days after exposure of the two populations to 120 first-stage larvae. All the mollusks were infected. However, a significantly higher number of third-stage larvae were recovered in mollusks not genetically selected.

Intergeneric reproductive stimulation and parthenogenesis inSchistosoma mansoni

Parasitology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Basch ◽  
Natalicia Basch
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Diploid Male ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Lymnaeid Snail

SummaryWhen mice were infected with female cercariae ofSchistosoma mansoniand male cercariae ofSchistosomatium douthitti, many mixed pairs formed. The paired females were approximately the same size as those in unisexual infections, far smaller than females paired withS. mansonimales. Although theSch. douthittimales possessed well-developed testes, sperm were not found in their female partners, which developed scanty vitelline glands and produced laterally spined eggs typical ofS. mansoni. Such eggs yielded swimming miracidia infective to the snail host ofS. mansoni, Biomphalaria glabrata, but not to the lymnaeid snail host ofSch. douthitti. Sporocysts arising from these miracidia were haploid and produced cercariae infective to mice. Parthenogenetically derived female cercariae in mice co-infected with either parthenogenetically derived male or normal diploid maleS. mansonideveloped to large adults of normal appearance, whose eggs yielded diploid miracidia and subsequent generations of normal diploid schistosomes. Parthenogenetically derived females co-infected withSch. douthittimales also paired and produced some eggs containing viable miracidia, which gave rise once again to haploid sporocysts. These observations confirm previous suggestions that the stimulus for maturation in femaleS. mansoniis distinct from that for growth, and is independent of insemination and fertilization. It is concluded that both diploid and haploidS. mansonifemales are capable either of parthenogenesis or of bisexual reproduction when appropriately stimulated.

Cyclophosphamide and Iphosphamide against Lewis Lung Carcinoma: Evaluation of Toxic and Therapeutic Effects

1979 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Greco ◽  
Anna Corsi ◽  
Marco Caputo ◽  
Andrea Cavallari ◽  
Federico Calabresi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Lewis Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Effectiveness ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Lewis Lung ◽  
Cytostatic Action ◽  
Other Hand

In the present report, investigations have been carried out to evaluate toxic and therapeutic effects of cyclophosphamide vs its isomer iphosphamide. Cytostatic action of the 2 drugs was assayed on the murine Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL). It has been observed that iphosphamide is less toxic as compared to cyclophosphamide [Formula: see text]; on the other hand, to reach the same therapeutic effectiveness on 3LL, an iphosphamide dose 1.6 - 2 times higher than that of its parent compound is necessary.

scholarly journals Immunoelectrophoretic study on common antigens of São Lourenço da Mata and Belo Horizonte strains of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and Biomphalaria snails

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
José Valfrido de Santana ◽  
Yuzuru Iwanaga ◽  
Adriana Maria da Silva Telles ◽  
Maria Risoleta da Silva ◽  
José Felipe Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Common Antigens

Immunoelectrophoretic studies on common antigens were carried out by using rabbits sera immunized against São Lourenço da Mata and Belo Horizonte strains of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and antigens of Biomphalaria glabrata pigmented (Jaboatão - PE); B. glabrata albino (Belo Horizonte - MG) and B. straminea (São Lourenço da Mata, PE). Furthermore, the reverse approach was proceeded, namely, sera anti Biomphalaria snails produced in rabbits were tested against both strains of Schistosoma adult worm antigens. The analysis of the common antigens between the SLM strains of S. mansoni adult worm and B. glabrata pigmented showed 8 to 9 precipitin bands, 3 bands with B. glabrata albino and only 1 band with B. straminea crude extracts. On the other hand, the BH strain of S. mansoni adult worm antisera produced 6 to 7 bands with B. glabrata pigmented, 5 bands with B. glabrata albino and 1 band with B. straminea antigenic extract. Biomphalaria snails crude extracts were fractionated by Sephadex G-100 column and three fractions were collected from each snail strain. The fractions were tested with anti SLM and BH strains of S. mansoni adult worm sera by immunoelectrophoresis. The common antigens fractionated from Biomphalaria snails crude extracts and those found for both strains of S. mansoni adult worm mostly existed in the first fraction and they were estimated to have molecular weight over 158,000 daltons. In our laboratory, it was found a relationship between the antigenic similarities and experimental infection rates of S. mansoni towards Biomphalaria snails so that more bands were seen with increasing infection rates of S. mansoni.

scholarly journals Reliability of semiconductor and gas-filled diodes for over-voltage protection exposed to ionizing radiation

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koviljka Stankovic ◽  
Milos Vujisic ◽  
Edin Dolicanin
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Field ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Insight Into

The wide-spread use of semiconductor and gas-filled diodes for non-linear over-voltage protection results in a variety of possible working conditions. It is therefore essential to have a thorough insight into their reliability in exploitation environments which imply exposure to ionizing radiation. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of irradiation on over-voltage diode characteristics by exposing the diodes to californium-252 combined neutron/gamma radiation field. The irradiation of semiconductor over-voltage diodes causes severe degradation of their protection characteristics. On the other hand, gas-filled over-voltage diodes exhibit a temporal improvement of performance. The results are presented with the accompanying theoretical interpretations of the observed changes in over-voltage diode behaviour, based on the interaction of radiation with materials constituting the diodes.

Mission Archives in Bremen

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 375-377
Author(s):  
Lynne Brydon
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Volta Region ◽  
Early Account ◽  
Social Anthropologist

The present report is intended to complement the report on the Norddeutsche Missiongesellschaft archive provided by Donna Maier in History in Africa, 8 (1981), 335-37. I worked in Bremen in the summer of 1982 and the following information may be of interest to readers. Firstly, several small organizational details have changed. The Staatsarchiv is now open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. on weekdays, except Thursdays, when it remains open until 8 p.m. Photocopying is available at AO Pf per exposure and, once a week, on Thursdays, the archive can provide microfilm facilities at 20 Pf per exposure.As a social anthropologist whose principal interest is the central Volta Region of Ghana, I was most concerned to examine material pertaining to the Ho and Amedzofe areas, the sites of two of the Bremen mission stations. However, the files under the index reports for these stations are mostly concerned with internal mission business: finance, station-building, the training of and reports from native catechists (from the 1880s), and the setting up of schools. On the other hand, the sub-section “Land und Leute” (reference 7, 1035: 41/1 and 41/2) contains several attempts by the missionaries at general descriptive ethnography. Included in this section are a relatively early account by Schlegel, “Zur Geschichte der Eweer;” a long account by Spieth of Avatime; accounts by Schosser and Spieth of Akpafu ironworking and smithing among the Ewe, respectively; and an account of Anlo by Hornberger.

scholarly journals 21. Light of the Night-Sky

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
H. Elsässer
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Night Sky ◽  
In The Beginning

The subject of Commission 21 is of a heterogeneous nature and the borderlines to other Commissions are not very well defined. The light of the night-sky comprises a variety of components which are due to various kinds of physical processes taking place at very different distances from the Earth.In the present report less emphasis is placed on airglow problems as in previous ones in accordance with a recommendation of Commission 21 of 1970. During recent years airglow research became an important subject of geophysics and the new tools offered by rockets and satellites have enormously expanded the observational side. This report tries to concentrate upon aspects of astronomical interest. The review papers on airglow and connected atmospheric problems mentioned in the beginning of Chapter II on the other hand contain valuable information on progress in all sections of this wide field.

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