scholarly journals Behavior of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in planorbids

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1b) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. S. Banevicius ◽  
E. M. Zanotti-Magalhães ◽  
L. A. Magalhães ◽  
A. X. Linhares
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Terrestrial Mollusks

Some terrestrial mollusks are natural hosts of Angiostrongylus costaricensis. In the laboratory, this nematode can be maintained in certain planorbids, which are aquatic mollusks and intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. Mollusks can be infected with Angiostrongylus costaricensis by ingestion of or active penetration by the first-stage larvae. In this work we assessed the ability of Biomphalaria glabrata to attract first-stage larvae of A. costaricensis. Movement of the nematode larvae towards the mollusks was observed after 15 min, 30 min and 1 h. B. glabrata did not attract the first-stage larvae of A. costaricensis in any of the three intervals. The susceptibility of two populations of Biomphalaria tenagophila to infection by A. costaricensis was also determined. One population was genetically selected for the susceptibility to S. mansoni while the other was not. Third-stage larvae were recovered from the snails 30 days after exposure of the two populations to 120 first-stage larvae. All the mollusks were infected. However, a significantly higher number of third-stage larvae were recovered in mollusks not genetically selected.

scholarly journals Molluscicidal and parasiticidal activities of Eryngium triquetrum essential oil on Schistosoma mansoni and its intermediate snail host Biomphalaria glabrata, a double impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto ◽  
Nadjiya Merad ◽  
Anne Rognon ◽  
Benjamin Gourbal ◽  
Cédric Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Oil Extract

Abstract Background Freshwater snails are the intermediate hosts of a large variety of trematode flukes such as Schistosoma mansoni responsible for one of the most important parasitic diseases caused by helminths, affecting 67 million people worldwide. Recently, the WHO Global Vector Control Response 2017–2030 (GVCR) programme reinforced its message for safer molluscicides as part of required strategies to strengthen vector control worldwide. Here, we present the essential oil from Eryngium triquetrum as a powerful product with molluscicide and parasiticide effect against S. mansoni and the snail intermediate host Biomphalaria glabrata. Methods In the present study, we describe using several experimental approaches, the chemical composition of E. triquetrum essential oil extract and its biological effects against the snail B. glabrata and its parasite S. mansoni. Vector and the free-swimming larval stages of the parasite were exposed to different oil concentrations to determine the lethal concentration required to produce a mortality of 50% (LC50) and 90% (LC90). In addition, toxic activity of this essential oil was analyzed against embryos of B. glabrata snails by monitoring egg hatching and snail development. Also, short-time exposure to sublethal molluscicide concentrations on S. mansoni miracidia was performed to test a potential effect on parasite infectivity on snails. Mortality of miracidia and cercariae of S. mansoni is complete for 5, 1 and 0.5 ppm of oil extract after 1 and 4 h exposure. Results The major chemical component found in E. triquetrum oil determined by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses is an aliphatic polyacetylene molecule, the falcarinol with 86.9–93.1% of the total composition. The LC50 and LC90 values for uninfected snails were 0.61 and 1.02 ppm respectively for 24 h exposure. At 0.5 ppm, the essential oil was two times more toxic to parasitized snails with a mortality rate of 88.8 ± 4.8%. Moderate embryonic lethal effects were observed at the concentration of 1 ppm. Severe surface damage in miracidia was observed with a general loss of cilia that probably cause their immobility. Miracidia exposed 30 min to low concentration of plant extract (0.1 ppm) were less infective with 3.3% of prevalence compare to untreated with a prevalence of 44%. Conclusions Essential oil extracted from E. triquetrum and falcarinol must be considered as a promising product for the development of new interventions for schistosomiasis control and could proceed to be tested on Phase II according to the WHO requirements.

scholarly journals Strain variation in the infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni for Biomphalaria glabrata

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Candido de Souza Dias ◽  
John I. Bruce ◽  
Gerald C. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Five strains of Schistosoma mansoni resistant and susceptible to schistosomicides were studied for infectivity of 2 strains of Biomphalaria glabrata one of Puerto Rican origin and the other of Brazilian origin. Puerto Rican strains of S. Mansoni developed more slowly and had a lower infectivity in Brazilian B. glabrata than did the Brazilian S. mansoni. However, Brazilian S. Mansoni developed as well in Puerto Rican snails as in Brazilian snails, indicating that drug resistant strains could easily be moved by travel of infected persons from one area to another.

scholarly journals Behavior of Schistosoma mansoni-induced histopathological lesions in Biomphalaria glabrata submitted to ionizing radiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine M. Azevedo ◽  
Claudia Cunha Borges ◽  
Zilton A. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Other Hand

Present report demonstrates that repeated radiation of Schistosoma mansoni-infected Biomphalaria glabrata, totaling 15,000 rads, caused a sudden, albeit transient, suppression of cercarial shedding. Initially, sporocysts practically disappeared from the snail tissues. The more resistant developing cercariae presented nuclear clumping and vacuolation, before undergoing lysis. No host tissue reaction was evident at any time. Thirty-four days after the last irradiation, the snails resumed cercarial elimination. By that time numerous sporocysts and developing cercariae were detected, disseminated throughout snail tissues in a pattern similar to that of a highly malignant neoplasm, with no signs of host cellular reactions, which on the other hand were present in non-irradiated infected controls. The region of the ovo-testis was apparently destroyed after radiation, but returned to its normal appearance around 40 days after the last radiation. Ionizing radiation affected both host and parasite in S. mansoni-infected Biomphalaria glabrata, but the resulting impressive changes were soon reversed.

scholarly journals Immunoelectrophoretic study on common antigens of São Lourenço da Mata and Belo Horizonte strains of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and Biomphalaria snails

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
José Valfrido de Santana ◽  
Yuzuru Iwanaga ◽  
Adriana Maria da Silva Telles ◽  
Maria Risoleta da Silva ◽  
José Felipe Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Common Antigens

Immunoelectrophoretic studies on common antigens were carried out by using rabbits sera immunized against São Lourenço da Mata and Belo Horizonte strains of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and antigens of Biomphalaria glabrata pigmented (Jaboatão - PE); B. glabrata albino (Belo Horizonte - MG) and B. straminea (São Lourenço da Mata, PE). Furthermore, the reverse approach was proceeded, namely, sera anti Biomphalaria snails produced in rabbits were tested against both strains of Schistosoma adult worm antigens. The analysis of the common antigens between the SLM strains of S. mansoni adult worm and B. glabrata pigmented showed 8 to 9 precipitin bands, 3 bands with B. glabrata albino and only 1 band with B. straminea crude extracts. On the other hand, the BH strain of S. mansoni adult worm antisera produced 6 to 7 bands with B. glabrata pigmented, 5 bands with B. glabrata albino and 1 band with B. straminea antigenic extract. Biomphalaria snails crude extracts were fractionated by Sephadex G-100 column and three fractions were collected from each snail strain. The fractions were tested with anti SLM and BH strains of S. mansoni adult worm sera by immunoelectrophoresis. The common antigens fractionated from Biomphalaria snails crude extracts and those found for both strains of S. mansoni adult worm mostly existed in the first fraction and they were estimated to have molecular weight over 158,000 daltons. In our laboratory, it was found a relationship between the antigenic similarities and experimental infection rates of S. mansoni towards Biomphalaria snails so that more bands were seen with increasing infection rates of S. mansoni.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Biomphalaria glabrata submitted to concomitant infection with Angiostrongylus costaricensis and Schistosoma mansoni

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Guerino ◽  
J. F. Carvalho ◽  
L. A. Magalhães ◽  
E. M. Zanotti-Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Concomitant Infection ◽  
Freshwater Molluscs

Abstract The easy adaptation of Angiostrongylus costaricensis, nematode responsible for abdominal angiostrongyliasis to several species of terrestrial and freshwater molluscs and the differences observed in the interactions of trematodes with their intermediate hosts have induced us to study the concomitant infection of Biomphalaria glabrata with Schistosoma mansoni and A. costaricensis. Prior exposure of B. glabrata to A. costaricensis (with an interval of 48 hours), favored the development of S. mansoni, observing higher infection rate, increased release of cercariae and increased survival of molluscs, when compared to molluscs exposed only to S. mansoni. Prior exposure of B. glabrata to A. costaricensis and then to S. mansoni also enabled the development of A. costaricensis since in the ninth week of infection, higher amount of A. costaricensis L3 larvae was recovered (12 larvae / mollusc) while for molluscs exposed only to A. costaricensis, the number of larvae recovered was lower (8 larvae / mollusc). However, pre-exposure of B. glabrata to S. mansoni (with an interval of 24 hours), and subsequently exposure to A. costaricensis proved to be very harmful to B. glabrata, causing extensive mortality of molluscs, reduced pre-patent period to release cercariae and greater recovery of L3 A. costaricensis larvae.

Extra-mammalian larval stages of Elaphostrongylus alces (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae), a parasite of moose (Alces alces) in Fennoscandia

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray W Lankester ◽  
Ing-Marie C Olsson ◽  
Margareta Stéen ◽  
Alvin A Gajadhar
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

Dimensions and illustrations of the first-, second-, and third-stage larvae of Elaphostrongylus alces are presented for the first time. First-stage larvae were 417 ± 16 µm long (mean ± SD) (range 377-445 µm) and similar in size to those of E. cervi (420 ± 13 µm long; range 392-445 µm) and E. rangiferi, the other recognized members of the genus. The mean length of third-stage E. alces larvae (714 ± 23 µm long; range 675-756 µm) recovered from gastropod intermediate hosts was significantly less than that of E. cervi (831 ± 78 µm long; range 669-954 µm) and E. rangiferi, providing further evidence of the distinct status of E. alces, a recently described species from moose in Fennoscandia.

scholarly journals Larval development of the cat lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in the tropical freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVA-MARIA ZOTTLER ◽  
MANUELA SCHNYDER
Keyword(s):  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Stray Cat ◽  
Biomolecular Analysis ◽  
Freshwater Pulmonate Snail ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

SUMMARYAelurostrongylus abstrususis a worldwide occurring lungworm affecting felids. This metastrongyloid nematode has an indirect lifecycle relying on slugs and snails as intermediate hosts. In the present study the development of first-stage (L1) to third-stage larvae (L3) in the tropical freshwater pulmonate snailBiomphalaria glabratawas assessed. A total of 306 snails were individually exposed to 300A. abstrususL1, which were obtained from a naturally infected stray cat. The species was confirmed by biomolecular analysis. Second stage larvae (L2) and L3 were first isolated by artificial digestion of snails in the second and fourth week post exposure (wpe), respectively. From 8 wpe onwards, all larvae had developed into L3. Snails remained infected for up to 26 wpe. Only 0.4% of the L1 had pursued their development into L3, indicating low suitability of this artificial intermediate host for production of infectiveA. abstrususL3.

scholarly journals Experimental lagochilascariosis in X-chromosome-linked immunodeficient mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Aparecida Gleice de Freitas ◽  
Mariana Félix de Souza Prudente ◽  
Mara Silvia Carvalhaes
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Deficient Mice

Lagochilascaris minor is the etiological agent of lagochilascariosis, a disease that affects the neck region and causes exudative abscesses, with eggs, adult parasites and L3/L4 larvae in the purulent exudates. Mice are now considered to be intermediate hosts for the parasite. To determine the pattern of infection in B1 cell-deficient mice, experimental lagochilascariosis was studied in BALB/c and X-chromosome-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice. BALB.xid-infected mice showed lower numbers of larvae. Third-stage larvae, fourth-stage larvae and adult parasites were found in both strains. BALB/c mice produced IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE against the crude extract and secreted/excreted antigens of the parasite. On the other hand, BALB.xid mice did not produce IgM and produced lower levels of IgG and IgA, and similar quantities of IgE.

scholarly journals Destruction of secondary Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts in Biomphalaria glabrata after phytochemical exposure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Friani ◽  
Valdir Almeida da Costa ◽  
Ester Mota ◽  
Marta Julia Faro ◽  
Samaly Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Euphorbia Milii ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract Background: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease and affects over 200 million people worldwide. The snail Biomphalaria glabrata is one of the intermediate hosts of S. mansoni . The aim of this work was to verify the action of Euphorbia milii var. hislopii latex in the hemocytes profile and histopathology of B. glabrata infected by S. mansoni .Methods: Uninfected and infected snails were exposed to sublethal concentrations of E. milii latex for 24 hours (1.0 mg/l less than the LC 50 ) and after this time were analysed.Results: The survival rate was 88.5% for the uninfected snails and 66.6% for the infected and exposed snails. In the snails infected by S. mansoni , the exposure to E. milii latex promoted proliferation of hemocytes in the tentacles, mantle, digestive gland, kidney and ovotestis. In the digestive gland and the kidney, granulomatous reactions occurred around the sporocysts and caused their destruction. Proliferation of hemocytes in the kidney and digestive gland and edema in the mantle area were also observed in the uninfected and exposed snails. The number of circulating hemocytes from the group infected and exposed to E. milii latex was significantly higher than in the other groups. Three types of hemocytes were found: hyalinocytes, granulocytes and blast-like cells, and in all the groups the proportion of hyalinocytes was higher than the other types. There was no significant difference among the cell types and the different groups analyzed. Conclusions: We conclude that the sublethal concentration of E. milii latex influenced the cellular immune response of the susceptible B. glabrata strain to infection by S. mansoni , promoting the destruction of parasites.

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