Mobility of inorganic and organic phosphorus forms under different levels of phosphate and poultry litter fertilization in soils

The eutrophication of aquifers is strongly linked to the mobility of P in soils. Although P mobility was considered irrelevant in a more distant past, more recent studies have shown that P, both in organic (Po) and inorganic forms (Pi), can be lost by leaching and eluviation through the soil profile, particularly in less weathered and/or sandier soils with low P adsorption capacity. The purpose of this study was to determine losses of P forms by leaching and eluviation from soil columns. Each column consisted of five PVC rings (diameter 5 cm, height 10 cm), filled with two soil types: a clayey Red-Yellow Latosol and a sandy loam Red-Yellow Latosol, which were exposed to water percolation. The soils were previously treated with four P rates (as KH2PO4 ) to reach 0, 12.5, 25.0 and 50 % of the maximum P adsorption capacity (MPAC). The P source was homogenized with the whole soil volume and incubated for 60 days. After this period the soils were placed in the columns; the soil of the top ring was mixed with five poultry litter rates of 0, 20, 40, 80, and 160 t ha-1 (dry weight basis). Treatments consisted of a 4 x 5 x 2 factorial scheme corresponding to four MPAC levels, five poultry litter rates, two soils, with three replications, arranged in a completely randomized block design. Deionized water was percolated through the columns 10 times in 35 days to simulate about 1,200 mm rainfall. In the leachate of each column the inorganic P (reactive P, Pi) and organic P forms (unreactive P, Po) were determined. At the end of the experiment, the columns were disassembled and P was extracted with the extractants Mehlich-1 (HCl 0.05 mol L-1 and H2SO4 0.0125 mol L-1) and Olsen (NaHCO3 0.5 mol L-1; pH 8.5) from the soil of each ring. The Pi and Po fractions were measured by the Olsen extractant. It was found that under higher poultry litter rates the losses of unreactive P (Po) were 6.4 times higher than of reactive P (Pi). Both the previous P fertilization and increasing poultry litter rates caused a vertical movement of P down the soil columns, as verified by P concentrations extracted by Mehlich-1 and NaHCO3 (Olsen). The environmental critical level (ECL), i.e., the P soil concentration above which P leaching increases exponentially, was 100 and 150 mg dm-3 by Mehlich-1 and 40 and 60 mg dm-3 by Olsen, for the sandy loam and clay soils, respectively. In highly weathered soils, where residual P is accumulated by successive crops, P leaching through the profile can be significant, particularly when poultry litter is applied as fertilizer.

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Effects of Biochar Application in a Sorghum Crop under Greenhouse Conditions: Growth Parameters and Physicochemical Fertility

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10010104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 104 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

María Videgain-Marco ◽

Pedro Marco-Montori ◽

Clara Martí-Dalmau ◽

María del Carmen Jaizme-Vega ◽

Joan Josep Manyà-Cervelló ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Organic Amendment ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Application Rate ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Water Holding ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

Application of biochar from vine shoots (Vitis vinifera L.) as an organic amendment in the soil is an alternative agricultural management of interest. The behavior of this type of amendment in the soil requires more information to adjust the pyrolysis conditions in order to obtain a high-quality biochar. The aim of this work is determining the influence of the application of this type of biochar on the soil-plant system. For this purpose, an agronomic test was performed in greenhouse pots. A randomized tri-factorial block design was adopted with the following factors: final pyrolysis temperature (400 and 600 °C), application rate (0 wt. % as a control, 1.5 and 3 wt. %) and texture of the growing media (sandy-loam and clay-loam origin). The selected crop was sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), the development and production of which was evaluated during two complete growing cycles under greenhouse conditions. Application of biochar produced at 400 °C significantly increased plants roots dry weight in the sandy-loam growing substrate (52% compared to the control). Grain production was also significantly affected by biochar application, showing better results after addition of biochar produced at 400 °C. Water holding capacity and K, Ca, and Mg contents were enhanced by biochar addition, with evident effects of the application ratios for some of these variables. The effect on the pH of substrates in the sandy-loam texture was weak; however, a significant decrease was observed after the addition of biochar produced at 600 °C.

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Sorption and Environmental Risks of Phosphorus in Subtropical Forest Soils

Adsorption Science & Technology ◽

10.1155/2021/5142737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jianhong Liang ◽

Liuhuan Chen ◽

Ding Liu ◽

Chenxu Yi ◽

Jing Zhu

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Subtropical Forest ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Red Soil ◽

Soil Types ◽

P Adsorption ◽

P Sorption ◽

Limestone Soil ◽

P Leaching

Phosphorus (P) is one of the key limiting factors for the growth of forests and their net primary productivity in subtropical forest ecosystems. Phosphorus leaching of the forest soil to the catchment and groundwater in karst region is the main source of water eutrophication. Strong P sorption capacity of minerals is generally assumed to be a key driver of P leaching in subtropical ecosystems which varies among different soil types. Here, we estimated P adsorption capacity of the O/A and AB horizon in both limestone soil and red soil of subtropical forests by fitting the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm to investigate the potential environmental risks of P. The maximum P sorption capacity ( Q m ), P sorption constant ( K L ), P sorption index (PSI), degree of P saturation (DPS), and maximum buffer capacity (MBC) were calculated. The results indicate that Q m of the O/A horizon in both soils were similar. Comparing these two soils, the red soil had a higher K L and MBC in the AB horizon; Q m of limestone soil was larger but K L was lower, indicating that the adsorption capacity of limestone soil was weaker and MBC was lower. There was no significant difference in PSI between the two soils. The DPS values of both soils were below 1.1%, indicating that P saturation is low in both subtropical forest soils due to the lack of marked anthropogenic disturbance. In the O/A horizon, P saturation associated with available P (DPSM3 and DPSOlsen) and that associated with P in the Fe-Al bound state (DPScitrate) were higher in the red soil than in the limestone soil. DPS did not differ significantly in the AB horizon, except for higher DPSM3 and DPScitrate in the red soil. The findings highlight the influence of the soil types on P adsorption. The P adsorption and buffering of red soils were higher than those of limestone soils, indicating a lower risk of P leaching in red subtropical forest soils.

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Vertical phosphorus migration in a biosolids-amended sandy loam soil in laboratory settings: concentrations in soils and leachates

10.32920/14638197 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yulia Markunas ◽

Vadim Bostan ◽

Andrew Laursen ◽

Michael Payne ◽

Lynda McCarthy

Keyword(s):

Vertical Migration ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Organic Phosphorus ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Land Application ◽

Soil Leachate ◽

Laboratory Setup ◽

Reactive Phosphorus

The impacts of biosolids land application on soil phosphorus and subsequent vertical migration to tile drainage were assessed in a laboratory setup. Soil, representing typical “nonresponse” Ontario soil as specified by Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), was amended with anaerobically digested biosolids at a rate of 8Mgha−1 (dry weight). Over five months, these amended soil samples from two different depths were sequentially fractionated to determine various inorganic and organic phosphorus pools in order to evaluate phosphorus vertical migration within a soil profile. Soil leachate was analyzed for soluble reactive phosphorus.The results indicated that biosolids application did not significantly affect phosphorus concentrations in soil and did not cause phosphorus vertical migration. The concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus also were not significantly affected by biosolids.

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Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield parameters of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) cv. Arka Anamika

International Journal of Agricultural Invention ◽

10.46492/ijai/2019.4.2.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (02) ◽

pp. 185-190

Author(s):

Pavitra Dev ◽

Ankur Tomar ◽

Jitendra Kumar ◽

Krishan Choudhary ◽

Vinuj Kumar

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Integrated Nutrient Management ◽

Yield Parameters

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield parameters of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P. during the year 2018. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments involved in the study were eight in numbers i.e. T1 Control (no fertilizers), T2 (125 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 + 60 kg K2O /ha), T3 (100 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 + 48 kg K2O + 5 t FYM /ha) T4 (100 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 + 48 kg K2O + 12 q VC /ha), T5 (75 kg N + 30 kg P2O5 + 36 kg K2O + 10 t FYM /ha), T6 (75 kg N +30 kg P2O5 + 36 kg K2O + 24 q VC /ha), T7 (25 t FYM /ha), T8 (60 q VC /ha). All variable parameters regarding vegetative and reproductive parameters of okra were significantly influenced by integrated nutrient management practices. Soil of the experimental field was sandy loam and neutral in pH reaction. The present investigation clearly indicate that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers i.e. T6 (75 kg N +30 kg P2O5 + 36 kg K2O + 24 q VC /ha) had the better effect on growth and yield parameters viz., plant height (129.11 cm), number of nodes on main stem (19.23), fresh weight of plant (351.13 g), dry weight of plant (72.12 g), number of pods per plant (16.13), length of pod (15.80 cm) and yield (134.14 q /ha) as compared to other treatments in case of okra cv. Arka Anamika under Western Uttar Pradesh conditions. On the basis of present investigation, it may be concluded that an integrated use of organic manure with chemical fertilizer increased the growth and yield of okra than that of sole application of either chemical fertilizer or organic manures.

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Vertical Phosphorus Migration in a Biosolids-Amended Sandy Loam Soil in Laboratory Settings: Concentrations in Soils and Leachates

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2016/3460939 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yulia Markunas ◽

Vadim Bostan ◽

Andrew Laursen ◽

Michael Payne ◽

Lynda McCarthy

Keyword(s):

Vertical Migration ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Organic Phosphorus ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Land Application ◽

Soil Leachate ◽

Laboratory Setup ◽

Reactive Phosphorus

The impacts of biosolids land application on soil phosphorus and subsequent vertical migration to tile drainage were assessed in a laboratory setup. Soil, representing typical “nonresponse” Ontario soil as specified by Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), was amended with anaerobically digested biosolids at a rate of 8 Mg ha−1 (dry weight). Over five months, these amended soil samples from two different depths were sequentially fractionated to determine various inorganic and organic phosphorus pools in order to evaluate phosphorus vertical migration within a soil profile. Soil leachate was analyzed for soluble reactive phosphorus. The results indicated that biosolids application did not significantly affect phosphorus concentrations in soil and did not cause phosphorus vertical migration. The concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus also were not significantly affected by biosolids.

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EFFECT OF FOLIAGE REMOVAL FOR USE AS A GREEN VEGETABLE ON GROWTH OF GEORGIA RED PEANUT S

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.4.270h ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 270H-270

Author(s):

D. G. Mortley ◽

J. Y. Lu ◽

P. Grant ◽

G. W. Carver

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Good Balance ◽

Green Vegetable ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Harvest Intervals ◽

Untreated Check ◽

Nut Production ◽

Loam Soil

The effect of periodic removal of peanut foliage for use as a green vegetable on final foliage and nut production was evaluated in a field experiment in the summer of 1992. Georgia Red peanut cultivar was grown in Norfolk sandy loam soil in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of removing peanut foliage at 2, 4, and 6 weeks, starting six weeks after planting, and an untreated check. Fresh foliage yield declined an average of 30% while dry weight declined 34% when harvested at 2 and 4 weeks. Nut yield declined 33% when harvested at 2 and 4 weeks but yield decreased only 10% when harvested at 6 weeks. Peanut greens are highly nutritious especially as a rich source of vitamin C and protein. For good balance between foliage and nut production, it appears that harvest intervals should be after four weeks.

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Composted Poultry Litter as a Low-cost Media Amendment

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.912a ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 912A-912

Author(s):

Matt Welch ◽

D.L. Creech

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Waste Disposal ◽

Low Cost ◽

Block Design ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Analysis ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Cortaderia Selloana

The poultry industry is a $1 billion industry in Texas, with most production centered in eastern Texas. The nursery industry is a $600 million industry, with 25% of the producers located in eastern Texas. With hundreds of millions of birds produced each year, and each bird producing ≈2 lb of manure, waste disposal is a growing problem. Composted poultry litter was mixed with composted pine bark to create five media with varying percentages of poultry litter as a component: 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%. A randomized complete-block design was used with poultry litter rates as main plots and plant species tested as subplots. Five species included: tomato, marigold, Cortaderia selloana, Asian jasmine, and Salvia leucantha. Prior to planting, all 1-gal containers were leached with 1000 ml of water, the leachate collected, and tested for conductivity. Plant growth measurements to be presented include plant height and dry weight. The results of media and leaf tissue nutrient analysis will be presented.

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Vertical phosphorus migration in a biosolids-amended sandy loam soil in laboratory settings: concentrations in soils and leachates

10.32920/14638197.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yulia Markunas ◽

Vadim Bostan ◽

Andrew Laursen ◽

Michael Payne ◽

Lynda McCarthy

Keyword(s):

Vertical Migration ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Organic Phosphorus ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Land Application ◽

Soil Leachate ◽

Laboratory Setup ◽

Reactive Phosphorus

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Effect of biofertilizers and phosphorus on growth parameters and yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in sandy loam soil of Prayagraj

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2021.221218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1&2) ◽

pp. 137-141

Author(s):

Jayshree K. ◽

Umesha C.

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Parameter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Loam Soil

A field experiment was carried out during Kharif, 2020 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P) on sandy loam soil to assess the effect of biofertilizers and phosphorus on growth parameters and yield of Cowpea. The design of field experiment was Randomized block design consisting of ten treatments each replicated thrice. Experimental results showed significant increase in growth parameter viz., Plant height (81.09 cm), number of branches (4.87), number of nodules (53.27), plant dry weight (30.43 g/plant), crop growth rate (12.59 g/m2/plant) and yield attributing parameters viz., pods/plant (14.73), seeds/ pod (8.85), 100-seed weight (8.02 g), seed yield (2.62 t/ha) and biological yield (9.07 t/ha) were recorded with dual inoculation of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza along with 55 kg phosphorus per hectare.

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PENGARUH SP-36 DAN ASAM HUMAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KEDELAI ( Glycine max L)

BUANA SAINS ◽

10.33366/bs.v19i2.1742 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Fajar Setyawan ◽

Feri Setyawan

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Crop Production ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Observation Data ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Glycine Max L

Soybean is a food crop commodity that is needed by the Indonesian population because it is a source of vegetable protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. To increase soybean production one of the things that needs to be done is the addition of phosphorus to increase the density of soybean seeds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of interactions between the administration of SP36 fertilizer doses and humic acid doses on the growth and production of soybean (Glycine max L) Dega 1 variety. Plosoklaten, Kediri Regency, with a height of 105 meters above sea level, with sandy loam soil type with soil pH 5. The study used factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of two factors, repeated 3 times. Parameters observed were Plant dried weight, plant growth rate, number of pods/plants, the weight of Seeds per plot, yield, observation data were analyzed using analysis of variance (F test). The results of the analysis of the real variance were continued with the Significant Difference test at a 5% significance level to find out the difference between treatments. The first factor is SP36 fertilizer and the second factor is humic acid. Based on the results of research that has been done, there was an interaction between the administration of SP36 fertilizer and humic acid in the parameters of plant dry weight at the age of 14 and 21, number of pods, seed weight per plot and yield., Giving fertilizer SP36 200 kg /ha with humic acid 50kg / ha can increase crop production by 43% compared to without SP36 and without humic acid.

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