scholarly journals Chemical and biochemical properties of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) Ktze. forest soils in the state of São Paulo

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1189-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda de Carvalho ◽  
Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira ◽  
Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia

Araucaria angustifolia, commonly named Araucaria, is a Brazilian native species that is intensively exploited due to its timber quality. Therefore, Araucaria is on the list of species threatened by extinction. Despite the importance of soil for forest production, little is known about the soil properties of the highly fragmented Araucaria forests. This study was designed to investigate the use of chemical and biological properties as indicators of conservation and anthropogenic disturbance of Araucaria forests in different sampling periods. The research was carried out in two State parks of São Paulo: Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto do Ribeira and Parque Estadual de Campos de Jordão. The biochemical properties carbon and nitrogen in microbial biomass (MB-C and MB-N), basal respiration (BR), the metabolic quotient (qCO2) and the following enzyme activities: β-glucosidase, urease, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA) were evaluated. The sampling period (dry or rainy season) influenced the results of mainly MB-C, MB-N, BR, and qCO2. The chemical and biochemical properties, except K content, were sensitive indicators of differences in the conservation and anthropogenic disturbance stages of Araucaria forests. Although these forests differ in biochemical and chemical properties, they are efficient in energy use and conservation, which is shown by their low qCO2, suggesting an advanced stage of succession.

scholarly journals Relationships between microbial activity and soil physical and chemical properties in native and reforested Araucaria angustifolia forests in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil de Morais Pereira ◽  
Dilmar Baretta ◽  
Daniel Bini ◽  
Rafael L. de F. Vasconcellos ◽  
Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze is the main component of the Mixed Ombrophilous forest and, in the State of São Paulo, it is associated with a high diversity of soil organisms, essential for the maintenance of soil quality, making the conservation of this ecosystem a major and pressing challenge. The objective of this study was to identify the physical and chemical properties that are most closely correlated with dehydrogenase enzyme activity, basal respiration and microbial biomass under native (NF) and replanted (RF) Araucaria angustifolia forests in three regions of the state of São Paulo, in winter and summer. The main differentiating factors between the areas were also determined. Each forest was represented by three true replications; at each site, from around the araucaria trees, 15 soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected to evaluate the soil physical, chemical and microbiological properties. At the same points, forest litter was sampled to assess mass and chemical properties. The following microbiological properties were evaluated: microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (CO2-C), metabolic quotient (Q: CO2), dehydrogenase enzyme activity (DHA) as well as the physical properties (moisture, bulk density, macroporosity and total porosity), soil chemical properties [pH, organic carbon (org-C), P, Ca, K, Mg, Al, H+Al], litter dry mass, and C, N and S contents. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (TWO-WAY: ANOVA). A Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) and a Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) were also performed. In the soil under NF, the values of K, P, soil macroporosity, and litter dry mass were higher and Q: CO2 and DHA lower, regardless of the sampling period, and DHA was lower in winter. In the RF areas, the levels of moisture, porosity and Q: CO2 were higher in both sampling periods, and DHA was higher in winter. The MBC was only higher under NF in the summer, while the litter contents of C, N and S were greater in winter. In winter, CCA showed a high correlation of DHA with CO2-C, pH and H+Al, while in the summer org-C, moisture, Mg, pH and litter C were more associated with DHA and CO2-C. The CDA indicated H+Al, available P, total porosity, litter S content, and soil moisture as the most discriminating variables between NF and RF, but moisture was the most relevant, in both seasons and CO2-C only in winter. The combined analysis of CCA and CDA showed that the contribution of the microbiological variables to a differentiation of the areas was small at both samplings, which may indicate that the period after reforestation was long enough to allow an almost complete recovery of the microbial activity.

scholarly journals Dependência micorrízica de Araucaria Angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. sob doses de fósforo

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moreira-Souza ◽  
E. J. B. N. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Gigaspora Rosea

Este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a dependência micorrízica de plantas de Araucaria angustifolia, sob diferentes doses de P, e acompanhar o desenvolvimento do hospedeiro e do endófito após a inoculação. O experimento foi realizado em condições de casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado num esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo: três espécies de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) (Glomus intraradices, Gigaspora rosea e uma mistura de FMAs nativos, provenientes de mata de araucária em Campos do Jordão, no estado de São Paulo, e um controle sem FMA, com quatro doses de P no substrato (0, 20, 50 e 150 mg kg-1 de P na forma de KH2PO4), com cinco repetições. Avaliaram-se a matéria seca da parte aérea e raiz, a taxa de colonização radicular, o número de esporos no solo e os teores de nutrientes presentes na parte aérea da planta. Concluiu-se que a Araucaria angustifolia é planta micotrófica e tem dependência micorrízica até a dose de 150 mg kg-1 de P, sendo a taxa de colonização radicular e esporulação variáveis com a espécie de FMA. A espécie Gigaspora rosea é indicada para baixos teores de P no solo e Glomus intraradices para teores mais elevados, enquanto os FMAs nativos são benéficos ao crescimento da araucária em qualquer teor de P. Independentemente da espécie de FMA, as plantas micorrizadas apresentaram maiores concentrações de P e menores de N e K que as não micorrizadas.

scholarly journals Ticks infesting birds in Atlantic Forest fragments in Rio Claro, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Seron Sanches ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Martins ◽  
Ileyne Tenório Lopes ◽  
Luís Flávio da Silva Costa ◽  
Pablo Henrique Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Eucalyptus Tereticornis ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Records

In the present study, we report tick infestations on wild birds in plots of the Atlantic Forest reforested fragments with native species and plots reforested with Eucalyptus tereticornis in the municipality of Rio Claro, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A total of 256 birds were captured: 137 individuals of 33 species, in planted native forest; and 128 individuals of 37 species, in planted Eucalyptus tereticornis forest. Nymphs of two tick species were found on the birds: Amblyomma calcaratumand Amblyomma longirostre, the former was more abundant in the fragments reforested with Atlantic forest native species, and the latter in the fragment reforested with E. tereticornis. New host records were presented for A. calcaratum.

scholarly journals Density and diversity of filamentous fungi in the water and sediment of Araçá bay in São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Assami Doi ◽  
Aline Bartelochi Pinto ◽  
Maria Carolina Canali ◽  
Daiane Raquel Polezel ◽  
Roberta Alves Merguizo Chinellato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mangrove Swamp ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Abstract Araçá Bay, located in the city of São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil, is a protected area of substantial complexity. It represents the last remaining mangrove swamp preserve between the cities of Bertioga and Ubatuba on the northern coast of São Paulo State. This mangrove swamp has specific physical and chemical properties, and it shelters a wide variety of life, including fungi. These microorganisms are present in a variety of species with different morphophysiological features, and they have the ability to produce enzymes of biotechnological importance. The goal of this study was to quantify, isolate, and identify filamentous fungi in water and sediment samples from the Araçá Bay mangrove swamp in São Sebastião. Two samplings were performed in the summer and two were performed in the winter. The samples were collected from intertidal zones, and dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, salinity, and pH were measured in situ. The spread plate technique was used to inoculate the samples collected on plates with a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. A total of 208 colonies (68 from water samples and 140 from sediment samples) were isolated, and they were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Filamentous fungus density was higher in the sediment than in the water, and the samplings performed in the winter revealed a higher density than those performed in the summer. Though some of the environmental parameters were not ideal for fungal development, a high quantity of growth was nevertheless observed. When the isolated colonies were analyzed, the greatest diversity and species richness were found in the summer samples. The genera identified in all of the samples were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. The pathogenic species found from these genera were Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus, Penicillium citrinum, and P. chrysogenum. These species are also able to produce enzymes that offer a variety of applications. The fungal community described herein represents the diversity found in this mangrove swamp during the period studied. Many of the fungus species found are pathogenic and may be useful due to their ability to produce specific enzymes applicable in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Magnetic susceptibility to identify landscape segments on a detailed scale in the region of Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana dos Reis Barrios ◽  
José Marques Junior ◽  
Alan Rodrigo Panosso ◽  
Diego Silva Siqueira ◽  
Newton La Scala Junior
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Agricultural Potential

The agricultural potential is generally assessed and managed based on a one-dimensional vision of the soil profile, however, the increased appreciation of sustainable production has stimulated studies on faster and more accurate evaluation techniques and methods of the agricultural potential on detailed scales. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using soil magnetic susceptibility for the identification of landscape segments on a detailed scale in the region of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State. The studied area has two slope curvatures: linear and concave, subdivided into three landscape segments: upper slope (US, concave), middle slope (MS, linear) and lower slope (LS, linear). In each of these segments, 20 points were randomly sampled from a database with 207 samples forming a regular grid installed in each landscape segment. The soil physical and chemical properties, CO2 emissions (FCO2) and magnetic susceptibility (MS) of the samples were evaluated represented by: magnetic susceptibility of air-dried fine earth (MS ADFE), magnetic susceptibility of the total sand fraction (MS TS) and magnetic susceptibility of the clay fraction (MS Cl) in the 0.00 - 0.15 m layer. The principal component analysis showed that MS is an important property that can be used to identify landscape segments, because the correlation of this property within the first principal component was high. The hierarchical cluster analysis method identified two groups based on the variables selected by principal component analysis; of the six selected variables, three were related to magnetic susceptibility. The landscape segments were differentiated similarly by the principal component analysis and by the cluster analysis using only the properties with higher discriminatory power. The cluster analysis of MS ADFE, MS TS and MS Cl allowed the formation of three groups that agree with the segment division established in the field. The grouping by cluster analysis indicated MS as a tool that could facilitate the identification of landscape segments and enable the mapping of more homogeneous areas at similar locations.

scholarly journals PHYTOSOCIOLOGY AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WOODY REGENERATION FROM A REFORESTATION WITH NATIVE SPECIES IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Anderson Almeida Colmanetti ◽  
Luiz Mauro Barbosa ◽  
Regina Tomoko Shirasuna ◽  
Hilton Thadeu Zarate do Couto
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
High Diversity

ABSTRACT In Brazil, specifically in São Paulo State, there are guidelines based on the high diversity of tropical forests that instructs the restoration projects in the state (current SMA 32/2014). The main goal of this study was verify the importance and effectiveness of the high diversity of arboreal species originated from a reforestation, and its influence in a woody regenerating composition. We developed a phytosociologic study in a woody regenerating stratum of a nine year old reforestation at a Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN), in Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo State. All specimens with height > 30 cm and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) < 5 cm were evaluated. The woody regenerating diversity was smaller than the overstory diversity and the species composition was similar to the overstory. The Simpson index (1-D) was 0.85, Shannon index (H') was 2.46 and the Pielou index (J') was 0.60. The zoochoric dispersion syndrome was major among the species. Our results suggest that the use of high diversity of native seedlings in a reforestation leads to high diversity of species in woody regeneration stratum, after one decade of planting.

scholarly journals Leaf nutritional levels in peach and nectarine grown in subtropical climate

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 752-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Leonel ◽  
Manoel Euzébio De Souza ◽  
Marco Antonio Tecchio ◽  
Daniela Mota Segantini
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Period ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
State University ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

The study evaluated the leaf nutritional levels of peach and nectarine trees under subtropical climate in order to improve the fertilization practices. The experiment was carried out in São Paulo state University, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of subdivided plots, in which plots corresponded to cultivars and subplots to the leaf sample periods. The evaluated peach cultivars were: Marli, Turmalina, Precocinho, Jubileu, Cascata 968, Cascata 848, CP 951C, CP 9553CYN, and Tropic Beauty, and that of nectarine was 'Sun Blaze'. The sample periods were: after harvest, plants in vegetative period; dormancy; beginning of flowering and fruiting (standard sample). Results indicated significant variations in the levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn for the sampling period and in N, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe and Mn levels for the cultivars.

scholarly journals Distribuição de Leptasthenura setaria (Temminck, 1824) (Aves: Furnariidae) no Estado de São Paulo

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexsander Zamorano Antunes ◽  
Herculano Alvarenga ◽  
Luís Fábio Silveira ◽  
Marilda Rapp de Eston ◽  
Gisela Vianna Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia

O grimpeiro Leptasthenura setaria é totalmente dependente do pinheiro-do-paraná Araucaria angustifolia e considerado quase ameaçado de extinção pela IUCN. Apresentam-se sete novas localidades de ocorrência do grimpeiro para o Estado de São Paulo, incluindo os primeiros espécimes coletados dentro dos seus limites. A espécie foi encontrada tanto em pinheiros-do-paraná nativos quanto em plantados e está presente em cinco unidades de proteção integral.

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