scholarly journals Humic Haplustox under different land uses in a high altitude environment in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1337-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Kelly Silva Araujo ◽  
Mateus Rosas Ribeiro ◽  
Marcelo Metri Corrêa ◽  
Izabel Cristina de Luna Galindo ◽  
Valdomiro Severino de Souza Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The Garanhuns Plateau in the Agreste region of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil is characterized by humid climatic conditions due to orographic rains, unlike the surrounding semiarid region. These soils are subjected to intense agricultural use and are extremely important for the regional economy. This study was carried out in the municipality of Brejão in the Agreste region with the aim of assessing changes in humic Haplustox soils subjected to different land uses. Four plots with different vegetation covers (native forest, secondary shrubby vegetation (capoeira), traditional cropping system, and planted pasture) were selected, and samples were taken from a soil profile and four small pits surrounding it at each site. Physical and chemical properties were assessed, including aggregate stability, humic organic fractions, and a microbiological evaluation through determination of basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and metabolic quotient. The soils under study showed physical and chemical properties typical of a Haplustox, such as low nutrient content, low cation exchange capacity, and high levels of acidity and Al saturation. The total organic carbon (TOC) contents were high regardless of the type of land use. Aggregates < 2 mm were dominant in all the conditions under study. The TOC content was higher in the soil under capoeira, 43.91 g kg-1 on the surface, while 34.36 and 33.43 g kg-1 of TOC were observed in the first layer of forest and pasture soils, respectively. While the microbial biomass C (MBC) was greater than 700 mg kg-1 in the forest and pasture areas (in the 0-5 cm layer), and 588 mg kg-1 in the soil under capoeira, these numbers were not statistically different. In the cultivated soil area, there was a reduction of around 28 % in TOC and MBC contents. Agricultural activity contributed to degradation of the humic horizon, as can be seen from a significant decrease in the TOC and changes in the relative distribution of the humic fractions. In contrast, aggregate stability was not altered as a function of the different land uses; the soil under planted pasture and capoeira were similar to the soil under native forest. Humin was the most important humified fraction for C reserves, contributing over 40 % of the TOC in these soils.

scholarly journals Effect of zinc nutrition on yield of rice-wheat cropping system and soil properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
PEPAKAYALA VARALAKSHMI ◽  
POLAGANI NAGARJUNA ◽  
MOHAN BABU Y. N. ◽  
ADI LAKSHMI G. ◽  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Zinc Application ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A study was conducted in an ongoing experiment under AICRP on micronutrients at nursery jhilli of RPCAU, research farm. The experiment consisted of thirteen treatments, of which twelve combinations were of four doses of zinc (Zn) (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 kg ha-1), three frequencies (only once, alternate year and every year) of application along with control with the no-zinc application. Rice and wheat crops were grown in succession with the recommended dosages of fertiliser viz. 120:60:40 of N: P2O5: K2O applied as Urea, DAP, and Potash, respectively. Surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected after the harvest of the wheat crop in the year 2018, i.e. after completion of six years of the experiment, and analysed for soil physical and chemical properties. The availability of nitrogen, sulphur, organic carbon content and aggregate stability increased, and the bulk density, phosphorous availability decreased with increasing doses and zinc application rates. No effect on soil availability of potassium, pH and EC. The treatment T7 i.e., application of zinc @ 7.5 kg Zn ha-1 in alternate year application was the best treatment with regards to yield of rice-wheat cropping (982.9 q ha-1) and also for good physical and chemical properties of the soil.

scholarly journals Physical properties and particle-size fractions of soil organic matter in crop-livestock integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Tirloni ◽  
Antonio Carlos Tadeu Vitorino ◽  
Anderson Cristian Bergamin ◽  
Luiz Carlos Ferreira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Crop-livestock integration represents an interesting alternative of soil management, especially in regions where the maintenance of cover crops in no-tillage systems is difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil physical and chemical properties, based on the hypothesis that a well-managed crop-livestock integration system improves the soil quality and stabilizes the system. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design, with five replications. The treatments were arranged in a 6 x 4 factorial design, to assess five crop rotation systems in crop-livestock integration, and native forest as reference of soil undisturbed by agriculture, in four layers (0.0-0.05; 0.05-0.10; 0.10-0.15 and 0.15-0.20 m). The crop rotation systems in crop-livestock integration promoted changes in soil physical and chemical properties and the effects of the different systems were mainly detected in the surface layer. The crops in integrated crop-livestock systems allowed the maintenance of soil carbon at levels equal to those of the native forest, proving the efficiency of these systems in terms of soil conservation. The systems influenced the environmental stability positively; the soil quality indicator mineral-associated organic matter was best related to aggregate stability.

scholarly journals Effects of land use changes on the dynamics of selected soil properties in the Northeast Wollega, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1075-1101
Author(s):  
A. Adugna ◽  
A. Abegaz
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract. Land use change can have negative or positive effects on soil quality. Our objective was to assess the effects of land uses changes on the dynamics of selected soil physical and chemical properties. Soil samples were collected from three adjacent land uses, namely forestland, grazing land and cultivated land at 0–15 cm depth, and tested in National Soil Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture of Ethiopia. Percentage changes of soil properties on cultivated and grazing land was computed and compared to forestland, and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the significance of the changes. The results indicate that sand, silt, SOM, N, pH, CEC and Ca were the highest in forestlands. Mg was the highest in grazing land while clay, P and K were the highest in cultivated land. The percentage changes in sand, clay, SOM, pH, CEC, Ca and Mg were higher in cultivated land than the change in grazing land compared to forestland, except P. In terms of relationship between soil properties; SOM, N, CEC and Ca were strongly positively correlated with most of soil properties while P and silt have no significant relationship with any of other considered soil properties. Clay has negative correlation with all of soil properties. Generally, cultivated land has the least concentration of soil physical and chemical properties except clay and AP which suggest increasing degradation rate in soils of cultivated land. So as to increase SOM and other nutrients in the soil of cultivated land, integrated implementation of land management through compost, cover crops, manures, minimum tillage and crop rotation; and liming to increase soil pH are suggested.

scholarly journals Diversity of soil spiders in land use and management systems in Santa Catarina, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Gonçalves da Rosa ◽  
Antonio Domingos Brescovit ◽  
Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche Baretta ◽  
Júlio Cesar Pires Santos ◽  
Luís Carlos Iuñes de Oliveira Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract: The ability of spiders to spread over contiguous areas (Arachnida: Araneae) is directly related to soil management conditions. The objective of this work was to study the effect of land use system (LUS) on the abundance and diversity of soil spider families and their relationship with soil physical and chemical properties. The evaluated LUS were: native forest, eucalyptus reforestation, pasture, crop-livestock integration, and no-tillage crop. Samples were collected in three municipalities of Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina, considered as true replicates, during winter and summer. A total of 270 samples was taken in each area and season. The sampling points were arranged in a grid of 3 × 3 m, spaced by 30 m. We evaluated soil physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes and the abundance and diversity of spider families, collected by soil monolith and soil traps. A total of 448 spiders were captured, 152 in winter and 296 in summer, distributed in 24 families and 52 species/morphospecies. There was a seasonality effect related to the land use systems and the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index was recorded in the native forest in both sampling periods. Most families of spiders have a direct dependence on soil physical and chemical properties, such as microporosity, exchangeable aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and potassium during the winter. Organic matter, nitrogen, pH in water, weighted average diameter, soil density, and microbial biomass carbon exhibited dependence during the summer. Vegetation type and soil management are the factors that seem to affect most the occurrence of spiders. The families Theridiidae and Nemesiidae are dependent on sites with low human intervention.

Different Materials of Substrates in the Production of Chili Apple Seedlings (Capsicumpubescens R. and P.) Grajales ST

2014 ◽  
Vol 1613 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L. Domínguez ◽  
Oscar G. Villegas ◽  
Héctor Sotelo ◽  
Carlos M. Acosta ◽  
Mario Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of 12 substrates in the seedling growth of chili apple (Capsicum pubescens R. & P.) hybrid Grajales ST. The substrates were prepared with different proportions of five materials: perlite, coconut fiber, loam, Sunshine3 ® and wood dust. The seeds were sown in trays of 50 cavities. For the substrates were determined physical and chemical properties. Significant differences in growth parameters of seedlings are the effect of the substrate. Based on the remarkable accumulation of dry matter of each of the organs of the seedling, and their relative distribution, one can surmise a seedling quality with 47.70 % dry matter in leaves, 35.34 % in stem and 16.95 % in root. The substrate with better features for the production of chile apple seedlings was prepared with 25 % loam and 75 % perlite (v/v), which showed retention of 85.5 % moisture, electrical conductivity of 0.03 dS·m-1 and total porosity of 62.5 %.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

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