scholarly journals Emergence, longevity and fecundity of Trissolcus basalis and Telenomus podisi after cold storage in the pupal stage

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 841-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Amilton Foerster ◽  
Augusta Karkow Doetzer ◽  
Letícia Cunha Ferreira de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Trissolcus Basalis ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
Telenomus Podisi

Pupae of Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) and Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) were stored at 12ºC and 15ºC for 120-210 days, after different periods of parasitism at 18ºC in order to evaluate adult emergence, longevity and ovipositional capacity. There was no emergence of adults at 12ºC. The rate of emergence of parasitoids transferred to 15ºC at the beginning of the pupal stage was 1.5% and 26.3%, for T. basalis and T. podisi respectively, whereas those parasitoids transferred one day before the expected date of emergence at 18ºC showed 86.4% of emergence for T. basalis and 59.9% for T. podisi. Mean adult longevity was also significantly lower when pupae were transferred to 15ºC at the beginning of the pupal stage. Females emerged after storage and maintained for 120 to 210 days at 15ºC parasitized host eggs after transference to 25ºC; however, fecundity of T. podisi was reduced in about 80% after cold storage.

LIFE HISTORY STUDIES OF THE TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX HIRTIPENNIS (MELSHEIMER) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Davis Martin ◽  
G. A. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

The life history of the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) (= Epitrix parvula Fab.) was studied under the controlled conditions of 27 ± 2.8°C, 80 ± 6% and a 14L:10D photophase. Eggs matured in ca. 4 days, the larval stage, including 3 instars, developed in 13 days, prepupal development took 3 days and the pupal stage lasted approximately 5 days. There was a 24 day interval between oviposition and adult emergence. Females laid 3.1 eggs/day with a 13 day period between adult emergence and first oviposition. The mean number of total eggs/female was 138.6 ± 14.7. Female oviposition continued until a few days before death and adult longevity was approximately 70 days. A visual means of distinguishing between male and female beetles was also developed.

scholarly journals Overwintering of Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (=Aenasius bambawalei Hayat) (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae) under Screen House/Semi-Natural Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Mandeep Rathee ◽  
Pala Ram
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Screen House

Overwintering studies were carried out by placing newly emerged adults of the parasitoid, <em>Aenasius arizonensis</em> (Girault) (=<em>Aenasius bambawalei</em> Hayat) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and one day old mummies of <em>Phenacoccus solenopsis</em> Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (i.e. parasitoid in pupal stage) during winter season under screen house conditions in 2012- 13. Maximum mean pupal period of male and female parasitoids was 86.47 and 92.67 days, respectively, when mummies were exposed on 5<sup>th</sup> December followed by 73.69 and 82.83 days, respectively. When exposed on 20<sup>th</sup> December the emergence of parasitoid adults from the overwintering mummies seemed to be well synchronized with ambient weather conditions. This implies that there is no diapause in <em>A. arizonensis</em>. There was no adult emergence until 10<sup>th</sup> standard week due to prevailing low temperature conditions during December and January with average maximum and minimum temperatures of 20.9, 6.4°C and 17.1, 4.1°C, respectively. Emergence of parasitoid adults from overwintering mummies of different exposure dates viz., December 05 and December 20, 2012; January 04, January 19, February 03 and February 18, 2013 started from 11<sup>th</sup> standard week (first week of February), reached maximum in 14<sup>th</sup> standard week (first week of March) and continued until 16<sup>th</sup> standard week (third week of March). Maximum temperature ranged between 20.3 and 29.6°C and minimum between 6.6 and 12.5°C during the period of adult emergence. Adult parasitoids successfully overwintered when provided with honey. Males survived for 52-84 days (69.33 days) and females survived for 69-103 days (83.40 days) during winter season in absence of host, when exposed on 5<sup>th</sup> December, 2012. Our results demonstrate that the parasitoid is able to successfully overwinter as pupa and adult via combination of slow development and increased adult longevity. This information seems to be useful in enhancing population of this parasitoid in spring when <em>A. arizonensis</em> can suppress solenopsis mealybug on cotton crop.

scholarly journals Fitness Costs of the Glutathione S-Transferase Epsilon 2 (L119F-GSTe2) Mediated Metabolic Resistance to Insecticides in the Major African Malaria Vector Anopheles Funestus

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magellan Tchouakui ◽  
Jacob M. Riveron ◽  
Doumani Djonabaye ◽  
Williams Tchapga ◽  
Helen Irving ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Life Traits

Metabolic resistance to insecticides threatens malaria control. However, little is known about its fitness cost in field populations of malaria vectors, thus limiting the design of suitable resistance management strategies. Here, we assessed the association between the glutathione S-transferase GSTe2-mediated metabolic resistance and life-traits of natural populations of Anopheles funestus. A total of 1200 indoor resting blood-fed female An. funestus (F0) were collected in Mibellon, Cameroon (2016/2017), and allowed to lay eggs individually. Genotyping of F1 mosquitoes for the L119F-GSTE2 mutation revealed that L/L119-homozygote susceptible (SS) mosquitoes significantly laid more eggs than heterozygotes L119F-RS (odds ratio (OR) = 2.06; p < 0.0001) and homozygote resistant 119F/F-RR (OR = 2.93; p < 0.0001). L/L119-SS susceptible mosquitoes also showed the higher ability for oviposition than 119F/F-RR resistant (OR = 2.68; p = 0.0002) indicating a reduced fecundity in resistant mosquitoes. Furthermore, L119F-RS larvae developed faster (nine days) than L119F-RR and L119F-SS (11 days) (X2 = 11.052; degree of freedom (df) = 4; p = 0.02) suggesting a heterozygote advantage effect for larval development. Interestingly, L/L119-SS developed faster than 119F/F-RR (OR = 5.3; p < 0.0001) revealing an increased developmental time in resistant mosquitoes. However, genotyping and sequencing revealed that L119F-RR mosquitoes exhibited a higher adult longevity compared to RS (OR > 2.2; p < 0.05) and SS (OR > 2.1; p < 0.05) with an increased frequency of GSTe2-resistant haplotypes in mosquitoes of D30 after adult emergence. Additionally, comparison of the expression of GSTe2 revealed a significantly increased expression from D1-D30 after emergence of adults (Anova test (F) = 8; df= 3; p = 0.008). The negative association between GSTe2 and some life traits of An. funestus could facilitate new resistance management strategies. However, the increased longevity of GSTe2-resistant mosquitoes suggests that an increase in resistance could exacerbate malaria transmission.

scholarly journals Nymph and Adult Performance of the Small Green Stink Bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) on Lanceleaf Crotalaria and Soybean

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Ricardo Panizzi ◽  
Shirlei Regina Cardoso ◽  
Viviane Ribeiro Chocorosqui
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Adult Performance ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Piezodorus Guildinii

Lanceleaf crotalaria, Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey (Leguminosae) was found hosting the small green stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), in Paraná State, Brazil. In the laboratory, nymphs showed less mortality when fed on immature pods of crotalaria (64%) than when fed on immature pods of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (88%). From 2nd stadium to adult, nymphs required less time to complete development on crotalaria (mean of females and males = 18.4 days) than on soybean (21.5 days). Fresh body weight at adult emergence was greater on crotalaria (mean of females and males = 51.4 mg) than on soybean (42.2 mg). Adult P. guildinii tended to live longer on crotalaria than on soybean. Mean adult longevity was 34.6 days on crotalaria, and 28.8 days on soybean. However, the reproductive performance of females, although similar on both foods, tended to be greater on soybean. These results indicated that P. guildinii was able to develop and reproduce on the wild host lanceleaf crotalaria. Compared to soybean, this weed plant was more suitable for nymph development, and equally suitable for adult reproduction.

scholarly journals Selectivity of pesticides registered for soybean crop on Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Zantedeschi ◽  
Anderson Dionei Grützmacher ◽  
Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽  
Flávio Amaral Bueno ◽  
Larissa Longaray Machado
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Trissolcus Basalis ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Telenomus Podisi ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

ABSTRACT The use of pesticides in the soybean crop may impair the biological control, if the products are not selective to Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis, which are important stink bug egg parasitoids. This study aimed to assess the selectivity of 15 pesticides registered for soybean crop on adults of T. podisi and T. basalis. Three laboratory bioassays were performed, totaling 18 treatments, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The insecticides (g or mL of a.i.) imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin (0.25 + 0.03), deltamethrin (0.06), thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (0.27 + 0.35), acephate (1.87) and fenitrothion (1.25) are harmful to both parasitoids species. Flubendiamide (1.20), diflubenzuron (2.00), Bacillus thuringiensis (0.08) and lufenuron (0.12) are innocuous to both parasitoids. The fungicides azoxystrobin + flutriafol (0.31 + 0.31), trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (0.37 + 0.44), pyraclostrobin + metconazole (0.33 + 0.12) and trifloxystrobin + cyproconazole (0.94 + 0.40) are innocuous to T. podisi, but slightly harmful to T. basalis. The herbicides glufosinate ammonium salt (0.50) and glyphosate isopropylamine salt (1.20) are innocuous to both parasitoids.

Development-Specific Incorporation of [14C]5-Aminolevulinate and [3H]Leucine into Cytochrome c and Biliprotein in the Butterfly, Pieris brassicae. Correlation with the Ecdysteroid Titer in the Pupa

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 948-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Kayser ◽  
Ute Krull-Savage
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Time Course ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Pieris Brassicae ◽  
Total Soluble Protein

Abstract Incorporation of [14C]5-aminolevulinate and [3H]leucine into cytochrome c, biliprotein and total soluble protein was followed from the last larval instar to the adult stage in Pieris brassicae. The titer of ecdysteroids during the pupal stage was determined with a radioimmunoassay to correlate synthesis of heme products and of protein(s) with adult differentiation. Incorporation of both precursors showed a developmental profile with high synthetic activities in feeding larvae and in pupae after the release of ecdysteroids. Variation of the hormone titer during pupal life differed significantly in males and females. Labeling of cytochrome c by both 14C and 3H was as expected from the variation of its concentration reported in a preceding paper; highest in corporation was around adult emergence. The results demonstrate that i) the accumulation of cytochrome c in the developing adult insect is primarily due to de novo synthesis of both heme and apocytochrome c, performed under coordinate control, and ii) the concentration of 5-aminolevulinate is not rate-limiting in the formation of cytochrome c. Biliverdin IXγ, the major tetrapyrrolic product in this insect, seems to be directly derived from (free) heme and relatively short-lived as deduced from a time-course study. Formation of the bilin, i.e. destruction of heme, increased concomitantly to the initiation of adult differentiation by ecdysteroids in the pupa but later decreased at adult emergence. Synthesis of cytochrome c takes place as a late event during terminal development. Thus, the pathways leading to the two major heme products seem to be differently regulated during development.

Selective responses of Trissolcus basalis and Telenomus podisi to chemical footprints of preferred hosts

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Gomes Lagôa ◽  
Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes ◽  
Miguel Borges ◽  
Raúl Alberto Laumann
Keyword(s):  
Trissolcus Basalis ◽  
Telenomus Podisi ◽  
Preferred Hosts

Nesting biology and life history of the dung beetle Onthophagus lecontei (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Arellano ◽  
C. Castillo-Guevara ◽  
C. Huerta ◽  
A. Germán-García ◽  
C. Lara
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Preimaginal Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Capra Aegagrus

Obtaining knowledge about a species’ life history and reproductive behaviour is fundamental for understanding its biology, ecology, and potential role in ecosystem services. Here, we focused on the dung beetle species Onthophagus lecontei. Adults were collected in the field and then confined to terrariums, where they were supplied with semi-fresh domestic goat dung (Capra aegagrus Erxleben, 1777). After being paired (26 pairs), the nesting behavior of beetles was observed under laboratory conditions and the preimaginal development of individuals obtained from mating (from the deposition of the egg until the emergence of the adult) was described. Their nesting behavior was found to be characteristic of what is known as pattern I, which comprises building of brood masses, oviposition of a single egg in each brood mass, development of three larval instars, construction of a pupation chamber, pupal stage and adult emergence. Both sexes were involved in the handling of dung, tunnel construction, and mass nest elaboration. Pairs built from one to seven brood masses. The pre-nesting period (feeding) lasted 16 days; the egg stage two days, the larval period 22 days; the pupal period 11 days and the imagoes four days, after which the adults emerged. Our results are discussed and compared with other species in the genus. However, our knowledge of this dung beetle is still limited, and further studies are required in all areas of its biology.

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