scholarly journals Phytomass and nutrient release in soybean cultivation systems under no-tillage

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1119-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt São Miguel ◽  
Leandro Pereira Pacheco ◽  
Ícaro Camargo de Carvalho ◽  
Edicarlos Damacena de Souza ◽  
Priscilla Barros Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of phytomass accumulation, soil cover, and nutrient cycling promoted by cultivation systems with annual and cover crops on the grain yield of soybean sown in succession in the Cerrado, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with nine cultivation systems and four replicates, in two crop seasons. In 2014/2015, forage grasses and legumes were evaluated, besides fallow treatments. In 2015/2016, forage and legume intercropped or not with corn or sunflower and fallow were assessed; the soybean crop was evaluated following cover crops. Phytomass, soil cover, and nutrient cycling provided by cultivation systems, as well as soybean mass and yield, were determined. Urochloa ruziziensis alone or intercropped, compared with the fallow systems, promotes significant increases in phytomass production, soil cover and nutrient cycling, with an increase in the grain yield of soybean planted in succession. N and K are the most accumulated nutrients in the aerial part of the cover crops and are released in larger quantities in the soil in the two years of evaluation. Crotalaria spectabilis promotes an increase in soybean yield in the 2015/2016 crop season, compared with U. ruziziensis, due to the synchronism between N release and uptake under no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Corn and soybean yields as affected by cover crops and herbicide timing under no-tillage system

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-946
Author(s):  
P. Oliveira ◽  
A.S. Nascente ◽  
J. Kluthcouski ◽  
T.A.P. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System

To achieve better results in the no-tillage system (NTS), it is important to properly manage the cover crop prior to planting by using herbicides, usually glyphosate. The effect of glyphosate on plant coverage is slow, and plants take a few days to die completely. Thus, when applying the herbicide on the same day of planting soybean or corn, cover crops are still alive and standing, causing initial shading on seedlings of the crop and delaying its establishment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of distinct cover crops and their timing of desiccation prior to planting soybean or corn, on crop yield and yield components. Two experiments were installed, one for soybean and another for corn. Each experiment consisted in combining three cover crops (Brachiaria brizantha, common bean or millet) chemically desiccated at two timings before planting the crop (15 or 0 days before planting) under no-tillage system (NTS). Experiments were installed in a completely randomized block design with five replications. Brachiaria brizantha produced the highest amount of biomass; common bean and millet as cover crops allowed higher soybean grain yields; herbicide application under common bean, millet and Brachiaria brizantha 15 days before planting soybean allowed higher crop grain yields; desiccation timing of common bean did not affect corn grain yield; Brachiaria brizantha should be desiccated 15 days before planting corn to allow maximum grain yield; when millet was used as a cover crop, glyphosate application at planting of corn allowed the highest grain yield.

scholarly journals Cover crops and residual effect of lime and gypsum on soil subsurface physical attributes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e143963490
Author(s):  
Marcela Pacola Oliveira ◽  
Cassiano Garcia Roque ◽  
Gabriel Luiz Piati ◽  
Othon Lauar Godinho ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Physical Attributes

The use of lime, gypsum, and different cover crops may influence the soil physical attributes, the formation of soil coverage before the crop implantation is crucial for the consolidation of the No-Tillage System. This work aimed to evaluate the alterations in the subsoil physical attributes, influenced by different cover crops combined with the application of lime and gypsum, in a no-tillage system in the Cerrado region, the soil of the experiment area was classified as Dystrophic Red Latosol. The experiment was carried out in Chapadão do Sul, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in a complete randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme. Plots consisted of cover crops (Urochloa ruziziensis and Pennisetum glaucum) and fallow; the subplots were formed by gypsum rates (0, 2.3, and 4.6 Mg ha-1); and the sub-sub-plots consisted of lime rates (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha-1), with three replications. The cover crops, Uruchloa ruziziensis, Pennisetum glaucum and the rates of limestone and gypsum do not interfere with the density of the soil. The Uruchloa ruziziensis cover crop provides increased microporosity and total soil porosity. The cover crops Uruchloa ruziziensis and Pennisetum glaucum were not efficient in decompressing the soil in the layers of 0.20 - 0.30 and 0.30 - 0.40 m in depth. The residual effect of the lime rate of 2 Mg ha-1 without gypsum application provided higher total porosity the 0.30 - 0.40 m layer.

scholarly journals Fertilizer distribution mechanisms and side dress nitrogen fertilization in upland rice under no-tillage system

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
André de Moraes Costa ◽  
Émerson Borghi ◽  
Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro ◽  
Dirceu Maximino Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Furrow Opener ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Seed Deposition

Some crops have shown not to adapt to the no-tillage system (NTS) as a consequence of the compaction of the superficial soil layer. In a certain way, the mechanism used in seeders to open furrows for the deposition of fertilizers can have great importance in facilitating root penetration. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of two fertilizer distribution mechanisms and N fertilization in upland rice (Oryza sativa) under NTS. The experiment was carried out in the growing seasons 2001/2002 and 2002/2003, in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A completely randomized block design was applied, with subdivided plots and four replications. Main plots consisted of two furrow opening mechanisms (furrow opener and double disk). Subplots consisted of four side dressing N levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1). The following parameters were evaluated: furrow and seed deposition depth, plant population, plant height, number of stems and panicles m-2, number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, weight of 1,000 grains, shoot dry matter, grain yield and N levels in the flag leaf. The success for upland rice establishment under the NTS in dry winter regions of Brazil is directly associated to the furrow opening mechanism of the seed-drill. The furrow opener mechanism resulted in deeper seed deposition, consequently decreasing seedling population, number of panicles per area and grain yield. Side dressing N fertilization in upland rice under NTS increases grain yield whenever the double disk mechanism is used to sow.

scholarly journals Surface applied lime dynamics and base saturation index in a consolidated no-tillage area

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Diego Bortolini ◽  
Luís César Cassol ◽  
Jonatas Thiago Piva ◽  
Cristiam Bosi ◽  
Kassiano Felipe Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Tillage System

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of chemical properties and crop yields during five years after liming, in a consolidated no-tillage system area and indicate a base saturation index to serve as a criterion for recommendation. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four repetitions, being the treatments the five lime doses (0, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2 and 9.6 Mg ha-1) applied and maintained on the soil surface. Soil chemical properties were evaluated in eight soil sampling, in the layers 0 to 0.025; 0.025 to 0.05; 0.05 to 0.10; 0.10 to 0.15; 0.15 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m, besides crop grain yield (wheat, soybean and corn) and black oat dry matter yield, totaling five years of evaluation. The surface liming in no-tillage system increased the exchangeable magnesium and calcium contents, base saturation and soil pH and reduced the exchangeable aluminum content. The cumulative grain yield (six crops) and black oat dry matter yield (three crops) was not influenced by liming. These results suggested, from this study conditions, that the value of 50% of base saturation should be adopted as a criterion for liming for crops implanted under consolidated no-tillage systems.

scholarly journals Effect of phosphorus applied as monoammonium phosphate-coated polymers in corn culture under no-tillage system

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Marostica Lino ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ◽  
Fernando Shintate Galindo ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Maestrelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The use of phosphate fertilizers as coated polymers reduces phosphorus losses that occur by adsorption of P to soil particles, thereby providing this essential nutrient for a longer period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus doses applied as conventional monoammonium phosphate or as coated polymers on corn grown in a clayey Oxisol, in the Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria - MS, located at 22°22? S and 51°22? W. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design arranged as a 4 × 2 factorial, with four doses of P2O5 (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1) and two sources of phosphorus (monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and monoammonium phosphate coated polymers). The experiment was conducted under no-tillage system during the cropping seasons in 2008/09 and 2009/10. The MAP and MAP-coated sources did not differ in most of the yield components in either of the two seasons. We found a quadratic function adjustment for P doses up to 117 and 98 kg ha-1 of P2O5 for P concentration in leaf tissue and grain yield in the 2008/2009 crop, respectively. We also obtained a quadratic function adjustment for P rates for grain yield and number of plants, up to 118 and 113 kg ha-1 of P2O5, respectively, in the 2009/2010 harvest.

scholarly journals Grain yield and termite damage in rice by compaction on the furrow and seed treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1813-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veneraldo Pinheiro ◽  
◽  
Luís Fernando Stone ◽  
José Alexandre Freitas Barrigossi ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the effects of soil compaction pressure on the sowing furrow and of seed treatments with insecticides on grain yield and on termite damage in upland rice plants under no-tillage, in the Center West region of Brazil. Three experiments were carried out, consisting of five seed treatments combined with three (first experiment) or four (second and third experiments) compaction pressures in a randomized complete block design, in a factorial arrangement. The seed treatments were: T0, without treatment; T1, imidacloprid+thiodicarb; T2, thiamethoxam; T3, carbofuran; and T4, fipronil+pyraclostrobin+thiophanate-methyl. The compaction pressures applied were: 25, 42, and 268 kPa, in the first experiment; and these same pressures plus 126 kPa in the second and third experiments. Seed treatment was effective in increasing rice grain yield, from 1,753 to 4,141 kg ha-1, especially in the lowest compaction pressure of 25 kPa. Soil compaction around 180 kPa in the sowing furrow results in higher rice grain yield and in fewer stems killed by termites. The use of soil compaction on the sowing furrow with seed treatment significantly increases rice grain yield under a no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Agronomic traits and yield of organic maize under no-tillage system

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Lamara Freitas Brito ◽  
João Carlos Cardoso Galvão ◽  
Jeferson Giehl ◽  
Silvane de Almeida Campos ◽  
Steliane Pereira Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT The no-tillage farming has become a popular practice in Brazil, but problems with weed control and plant nutrition persist under organic production systems. This study aimed at evaluating the agronomic traits and yield of maize, after using different off-season cover crops under two organic no-tillage systems. A randomized block design, with a 7 x 2 factorial scheme, being 7 treatments (weeds; black oat monoculture; sunflower; white lupin intercropped with black oat in rows; white lupin intercropped with black oat by broadcasting; white lupin monoculture; and no cover crop) and 2 cropping systems (maize alone and intercropped with jack bean), and four replications was used. The agronomic traits evaluated were plant height, first-ear insertion height, stem diameter, prolificacy, 1,000 grain weight, grain yield and nitrogen released at 60 days of mulch decomposition. White lupin straw in monoculture and intercropped with black oat release a higher amount of N during the decomposition process and, consequently, these treatments increase maize yield. Intercropping with jack bean within the same row as maize reduces its yield potential under an organic no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Soybean Yield, Soil Porosity and Soil Penetration Resistance under Mechanical Scarification in No-Tillage System

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edleusa Pereira Seidel ◽  
Ana Paula Heck Schneider ◽  
Monica Carolina Sustakowski ◽  
Lucas Murakami Matté ◽  
Marcos Cesar Mottin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Tillage System

Technological development has triggered a steady increase in Brazilian agricultural production, but also brought problems due to the excessive land use. The lack of care with proper management practices has led to soil physical degradation, mainly the formation of impermeable layers, which can lead to a reverse effect, a reduction in crop yield. It can be potentiated in silage production and with the lack of cover crops. To minimize the negative impacts of soil compaction, scarification is recommended, but its effectiveness has been questioned in no-tillage system. Thus, an experimental field was implemented in Brazil in 2015-2016 season, to evaluate the mechanical scarification on soybean production in succession to silage and grain corn intercropped with Brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis) as well as the physical properties of the soil. The experimental layout was a complete randomized block design with four replications. The plots were composed of second crop maize (autumn) intercropped with brachiaria, in two systems: silage and dry grains. The subplots were composed of three management system: no-tillage, reduced tillage cultivation with Terrus scarifier and Fox scarifier. Corn harvesting systems as well the scarifiers use did not affect soybean production and its yield components. The use of scarifiers reduced soil coverage, plant population, and soil penetration resistance. The data suggest that there was no persistence in the benefits presented by scarification. Soybean was able to break through the compacted layers, even above the critical level, corroborating with the hypothesis that the use of scarifiers does not bring benefits in no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Effect of water regimes and plant densities on cowpea production1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinete Martins de Sousa Monteiro ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Milton José Cardoso ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Valdenir Queiroz Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Cowpea has been cultivated in a rudimentary form in the main producing regions of Brazil, resulting in lower grain yields, when compared to the crop potential. The use of technologies such as water regimes, adequate plant density and soil management are alternatives to increase this crop yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different water regimes and plant densities on the yield components of cowpea cultivated under conventional and no-tillage systems. A randomized block design in a split-plot factorial, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of five water regimes in the plots (157.00 mm, 189.00 mm, 234.00 mm, 274.00 mm and 320.00 mm) and five plant densities as subplots (12 plants m-2, 16 plants m-2, 20 plants m-2, 24 plants m-2 and 28 plants m-2). The evaluated variables were: number of pods per plant, number of pods per area, pod length and grain yield. The combination between 270 mm of irrigation water depth with a density of 280,000 plants ha-1 resulted in higher grain yield using the no-tillage system, while the combination between the density of 280,000 plants ha-1 and 320 mm of water depth favored the highest grain yields in the conventional growing system.

scholarly journals Weed control in organic maize crop with direct sowing

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Ana Ligia Giraldeli ◽  
Anastacia Fontanetti ◽  
Dayane Graziella Pereira de Oliveira dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Tillage System

One of the main difficulties in the organic, no-tillage system is weed management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association between mechanical and cultural control methods (reduction of spacing and consortium with Canavalia ensiformis DC) on weed phytosociology and grain yield in maize with the organic, no-tillage system. The experiment design was a randomized complete block design with four replications, in a 2×3×2 factorial scheme, where the factors were, first factor: presence and absence of C. ensiformis; second factor: three weed management methods (without control, mowing and weeding), and third factor: two maize spacings (0.4 and 0.8 m). We evaluated the phytosociology of the weed community in maize stages V4 and V8, maize yield and dry matter of C. ensiformis. In the V4 stage, 21 weed species were identified, which were reduced to 16 species in V8. Cyperus rotundus presented a higher IR (Importance Value Index) in V4, and Panicum maximum had the highest IR in V8, independent of management. The C. ensiformis consortium with maize with 0.8 m spacing and weeding provided a higher grain yield.

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