scholarly journals Cover crops and residual effect of lime and gypsum on soil subsurface physical attributes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e143963490
Author(s):  
Marcela Pacola Oliveira ◽  
Cassiano Garcia Roque ◽  
Gabriel Luiz Piati ◽  
Othon Lauar Godinho ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Physical Attributes

The use of lime, gypsum, and different cover crops may influence the soil physical attributes, the formation of soil coverage before the crop implantation is crucial for the consolidation of the No-Tillage System. This work aimed to evaluate the alterations in the subsoil physical attributes, influenced by different cover crops combined with the application of lime and gypsum, in a no-tillage system in the Cerrado region, the soil of the experiment area was classified as Dystrophic Red Latosol. The experiment was carried out in Chapadão do Sul, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in a complete randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme. Plots consisted of cover crops (Urochloa ruziziensis and Pennisetum glaucum) and fallow; the subplots were formed by gypsum rates (0, 2.3, and 4.6 Mg ha-1); and the sub-sub-plots consisted of lime rates (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha-1), with three replications. The cover crops, Uruchloa ruziziensis, Pennisetum glaucum and the rates of limestone and gypsum do not interfere with the density of the soil. The Uruchloa ruziziensis cover crop provides increased microporosity and total soil porosity. The cover crops Uruchloa ruziziensis and Pennisetum glaucum were not efficient in decompressing the soil in the layers of 0.20 - 0.30 and 0.30 - 0.40 m in depth. The residual effect of the lime rate of 2 Mg ha-1 without gypsum application provided higher total porosity the 0.30 - 0.40 m layer.

scholarly journals Cover crops, lime and gypsum influence on soil physical attributes

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37010
Author(s):  
Marcela Pacola Oliveira ◽  
Cassiano Garcia Roque ◽  
Gabriel Luis Piati ◽  
Rita de Cassia Felix Alvarez ◽  
Marco Antonio Camilo de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Gypsum Application

Cover crops promote nutrient cycling, and lime and gypsum can alter the soil physical attributes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lime and gypsum rates applied to a no-tillage system with addition of residues of three cover crops on the soil physical attributes. This experiment was carried out in chapadão do sul-ms. The treatments were comprised of three cover crops (Urochloa ruziziensis, fallow, and Pennisetum glaucum), with gypsum (0, 2.3 and 4.6 Mg ha-1) and lime applied at a dose of 0, 2, 4, 6 Mg ha-1).The attributes evaluated were: soil density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and penetration resistance. The soil of the experiment was classified an Oxisol.  Cover crops and lime and gypsum improved macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity at all depths, 0-0.2 m. Millet presented lower values for penetration resistance with the lime application and without gypsum application. No residual effect on soil density was detected for lime and gypsum application or cover crops in the 0.1-0.2 m layer. Brazilian Cerrado producers will have a well-defined management system to follow aiming at improving the soil physical attributes.

scholarly journals Corn and soybean yields as affected by cover crops and herbicide timing under no-tillage system

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-946
Author(s):  
P. Oliveira ◽  
A.S. Nascente ◽  
J. Kluthcouski ◽  
T.A.P. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System

To achieve better results in the no-tillage system (NTS), it is important to properly manage the cover crop prior to planting by using herbicides, usually glyphosate. The effect of glyphosate on plant coverage is slow, and plants take a few days to die completely. Thus, when applying the herbicide on the same day of planting soybean or corn, cover crops are still alive and standing, causing initial shading on seedlings of the crop and delaying its establishment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of distinct cover crops and their timing of desiccation prior to planting soybean or corn, on crop yield and yield components. Two experiments were installed, one for soybean and another for corn. Each experiment consisted in combining three cover crops (Brachiaria brizantha, common bean or millet) chemically desiccated at two timings before planting the crop (15 or 0 days before planting) under no-tillage system (NTS). Experiments were installed in a completely randomized block design with five replications. Brachiaria brizantha produced the highest amount of biomass; common bean and millet as cover crops allowed higher soybean grain yields; herbicide application under common bean, millet and Brachiaria brizantha 15 days before planting soybean allowed higher crop grain yields; desiccation timing of common bean did not affect corn grain yield; Brachiaria brizantha should be desiccated 15 days before planting corn to allow maximum grain yield; when millet was used as a cover crop, glyphosate application at planting of corn allowed the highest grain yield.

scholarly journals Green and sweet corn grown under different cover crops and phases of the no-tillage system

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Diemisson O. Nunes ◽  
João H. de S. Favaro ◽  
Hamilton C. de O. Charlo ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Antônio C. Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Special corn is cultivated all year conventionally round; however, its productivity increases when grown under a no-tillage system (NTS). This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of sweet and green corn cultivated under residues of different cover crops and the NTS implantation stages. Two experiments were carried out in the randomized block design, with four replications, in each of the three areas. The experiments consisted of evaluating the sweet and green corn, simultaneously, in three areas at different stages of development of NTS: initial (1 year), transition (7 years), and consolidation (19 years) with six types of cover crops: Signal grass (SG), Pearl millet (PM), Sunn hemp (SH), a mixture of SG + SH, SG + PM, and PM + SH. The dry matter (DM) production of the cover crops, the productivity of husked and unhusked ears, straw, and grain yield were evaluated. The SH had the highest dry mass production among the studied cover crops in all phases of the NTS. The phase of the NTS did not influence the productivity of ears with or without husk in green corn. The cultivation of sweet corn in transition and consolidation areas of the NTS showed better yields when compared to the initial phase of the system.

scholarly journals Do the application forms and doses of boron affect wheat crops?

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 597-603
Author(s):  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Eduardo H. M. Boleta ◽  
Willian L. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Application Forms

ABSTRACT Boron is one of the most limiting micronutrients in the grain production system in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application forms and doses of boron on the concentration of this nutrient in the leaves, straw, and grains of wheat, as well as the production components and grain yield. The residual effect of boron in the soil was also evaluated. An experiment was conducted in a no-tillage system in Oxisol with clay texture in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme. Four doses of boron (0, 1, 2, and 4 kg ha-1) were applied with a boric acid source (B = 17%) and three application forms: a) during the desiccation of the predecessor straw with herbicide; b) at the time of sowing in soil along with formulated fertilization seeding, and c) via the leaves with the application of post-emergent herbicide. The application of boron to the soil at the time of sowing at an approximate dose of 2 kg ha-1 provides the highest number of spikelets per ear and wheat grain yield.

scholarly journals Phytomass and nutrient release in soybean cultivation systems under no-tillage

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1119-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt São Miguel ◽  
Leandro Pereira Pacheco ◽  
Ícaro Camargo de Carvalho ◽  
Edicarlos Damacena de Souza ◽  
Priscilla Barros Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of phytomass accumulation, soil cover, and nutrient cycling promoted by cultivation systems with annual and cover crops on the grain yield of soybean sown in succession in the Cerrado, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with nine cultivation systems and four replicates, in two crop seasons. In 2014/2015, forage grasses and legumes were evaluated, besides fallow treatments. In 2015/2016, forage and legume intercropped or not with corn or sunflower and fallow were assessed; the soybean crop was evaluated following cover crops. Phytomass, soil cover, and nutrient cycling provided by cultivation systems, as well as soybean mass and yield, were determined. Urochloa ruziziensis alone or intercropped, compared with the fallow systems, promotes significant increases in phytomass production, soil cover and nutrient cycling, with an increase in the grain yield of soybean planted in succession. N and K are the most accumulated nutrients in the aerial part of the cover crops and are released in larger quantities in the soil in the two years of evaluation. Crotalaria spectabilis promotes an increase in soybean yield in the 2015/2016 crop season, compared with U. ruziziensis, due to the synchronism between N release and uptake under no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Technical and Economic Viability of Wheat with Forms of Application and Doses of Boron

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Eduardo H. M. Boleta ◽  
Willian L. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

Boron is one of the most limiting micronutrients in grains production system in Brazil. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the effect of forms of application and doses of boron in irrigated wheat grain yield evaluating the economic terms in Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in no-tillage system in an Oxisol with clay texture in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates, arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme: four doses of boron (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha-1) with boric acid source (B = 17%); and three apllication forms: a) in desiccation of the predecessor straw, together with herbicide; b) at the time of sowing, in soil along with the formulated fertilization seeding and c) via leaf tissue with the application of post emergent herbicide. The application of 2 kg ha-1 provides greater grain yields, but the highest economic return was obtained at the dose of 1 kg ha-1, with application in soil, ensuring profitability from production of irrigated wheat in the Cerrado.

scholarly journals Molybdenum mixed with glyphosate and alone via foliar spray in no-tillage common bean grown on corn stover

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Gessimar Nunes Camelo ◽  
Geraldo Antonio de Andrade Araújo ◽  
Renildes Lucio Ferreira Fontes ◽  
Luiz Antonio dos Santos Dias ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mo Content

The effect of molybdenum (Mo) on common bean grown in desiccated corn stover in a no-tillage system was evaluated under two application modes: Mo mixed with the desiccant glyphosate and Mo direct spray to the bean leaves. The treatments (four replicates) were assigned to a completely randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with the application of Mo (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 g ha-1) mixed with glyphosate in the main plots and Mo foliar spray (0 and 100 g ha-1) in the sub-plots. The field experiments were carried out in 2009 and 2010 in the municipality of Coimbra, Minas Gerais State, with the common bean cultivar Ouro Vermelho. Mo mixed with glyphosate had neither an effect on common bean yield nor on the Mo and N contents in leaves, however it increased the Mo and N contents in seeds. Application of Mo via foliar spray increased Mo content in leaves and Mo and N contents in seeds. The reapplication of molybdenum with glyphosate for desiccation in subsequent crops caused a cumulative effect of Mo content in bean seeds.

scholarly journals Implications of Agricultural Gypsum Doses in Physical-Hydric Attributes of a Typic Haplortox and on Root Growth and Soybean Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Francisco de Assis Guedes Júnior ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Marcos Felipe Leal Martins
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Attributes

The response to agricultural gypsum, as a conditioner of the root environment in depth, has been observed for most annual crops. These responses are attributed to the better distribution of roots of the crops in depth in the soil by the reduction of chemical impediments, caused by the exchangeable aluminum and calcium deficiency in these layers, which allows to the plants the use of greater volume of water when they occur summer. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of gypsum doses on physical-hydric attributes, root growth and soybean productivity. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomic Institute of Paraná (IAPAR) in Santa Tereza do Oeste-PR. The soil was classified as Typic Haplortox. Five doses of agricultural gypsum were evaluated: 0; 3; 6; 9 and 12 t ha-1, in outline randomized block design with six repetitions. Soil density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were evaluated at layers of 0.0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m. Soybean productivity and root growth were also evaluated. Data were submitted to regression analysis. The physical attributes soil density, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity did not differ significantly with the application of the gypsum doses in the 0.0-0.1 and 0.2-0.3 m layers. However, in the 0.1-0.2 m layer, due to pressures imposed by the machines and agricultural implements deforming the soil, there were significant differences in the physical attributes of the density, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. There was no significant difference in grain productivity and root growth of soybean.

scholarly journals Gypsum, Soil Scarification and Succession Planting as Alternatives to Mitigate Compaction of Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Eduardo Antonio Neves dos Santos ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
Jose Mauricio da Cunha ◽  
Fernando Gomes de Souza ◽  
Paulo Guilherme Salvador Wadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Systems ◽  
The Impact

Understanding and quantifying the impact of soil management and use on its physical properties are essential to the development of sustainable agricultural systems. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of agricultural gypsum, soil scarification and succession planting on the physical attributes of dystrophic red-yellow latosol in Porto Velho, Rondônia state (RO), Brazil. The treatments used were absence and application of 2000 kg ha-1 of gypsum, absence and use of soil scarification, and three types of crop succession: SF (soybean/fallow), SMF (soybean/maize/fallow) and SMBF (soybean/maize/brachiaria/fallow). A randomized block design was used on eight blocks, for a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Soil parameters assessed were macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil density, moisture content and penetration resistance. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The highest macroporosity and total porosity values were recorded in treatments with gypsum application and soil scarification. Penetration resistance was lower in the SMBF and SMF crop successions. There was no treatment effect on the soil density.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN APLIKASI MULSA BAGAS PADA PERTANAMAN TEBU (Saccharum officinarum L.) TERHADAP POPULASI MIKROORGANISME PELARUT FOSFAT DI PT. GMP LAMPUNG TENGAH

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyang Vania Ayuningtyas Harini ◽  
Ainin Niswati ◽  
Sri Yusnaini
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Microorganism Population ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Sugarcane plantation atPT Gunung Madu Plantation (GMP) has done intensive tillage since 1975. To maintain sustainable production and soil fertility is necessary to manage soil according to good soil conservation. The good choice to maintaince soil quality is no-tillage and mulching system. The research was carried out since July 2010,phosphate solubilizing microorganismwere observedat9 and 12 months after ratoon one, in April and July 2012. The research was designed as a split plot with a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 replications . Main plot are tillage system that consists of no-tillage (T0) and tillage (T1). The subplots were application of baggase mulch. Consisting ofwithout bagasse mulch application (M0) andwith 80 t ha-1baggase mulch (M1). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance at the level of 1% and 5%, which previously had been analyzed with the Bartlett test forHomogeneity and Additivity with Tukey test, and followed by LSD test at the level of 1% and 5%. The results showed that the tillage system and bagasse mulch application did not give significant effect on the population of phosphate solubilizing microorganism. Correlation test results showed that the phosphate solubilizing microorganism population has no correlation with organic C, total N, soil pH, soil moisture, soil temperature, and available P.

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