scholarly journals Mammary artery Doppler ultrasonography of Brazilian Bergamasca dairy ewe lambs under the influence of two different feeding plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Ariane Dantas ◽  
Edson R. Siqueira ◽  
Simone Fernandes ◽  
Eunice Oba ◽  
Vânia M.V. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Hemodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Two Phases

ABSTRACT: Blood supply of mammary gland is extremely important, since it is a crucial factor in the mammary tissue development. The objective of this study was to describe and assess main mammary artery hemodynamic characteristics of lambs with two growth rates, using Doppler ultrasound. Two experimental groups, A and B, (n=10) of female Brazilian Bergamasca lambs were kept under the same management conditions and facilities. There were two phases: Phase 1, from 90 days of age until onset of puberty; Phase 2, from puberty until 1 year of age. During phase 1, a specific diet was formulated to each experimental group to obtain two different average daily gains: 150g, for treatment A, and 250g, for treatment B. During phase 2, there was no difference on the diet offered to both groups. Every 14 days, all animals were weighed and their body condition score was evaluated. Every 60 days, ultrasound exams (Doppler) of mammary artery were performed to obtain resistance and pulsatility indexes. Treatment B lambs showed higher weight gain and higher body condition score (P<0.05). However, for resistance and pulsatility indexes, there was no difference between treatments (P>0.05). Hemodynamic values remained constant, independent of diet or body development presented by the animals. Obtained data is valuable information on Bergamasca ewe lambs development.

scholarly journals Influence of feeding differentiation on the age at onset of puberty in Brazilian Bergamasca dairy ewe lambs

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dantas ◽  
E.R. Siqueira ◽  
S. Fernandes ◽  
E. Oba ◽  
A.M. Castilho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Puberty Onset ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of the study was to evaluate body growth and age at onset of puberty on lambs fed two specific diets for low and high growth rates. A herd of 20 Brazilian Bergamasca lambs was divided in two groups (n= 10) and kept confined throughout the experimental period, two animals of the same treatment/pen. Two phases were established: Phase 1, from 90 days of age until the onset of puberty; and Phase 2, from puberty onset up to 1 year old. For Phase 1, two distinct diets were formulated, being: Treatment A, which was formulated to obtain an average daily gain of approximately 150g; and Treatment B, for an average daily gain of about 250g. In Phase 2, a balanced, equal diet was provided to both groups. Every 14 days, the animals were weighed and given average daily gain, average daily dry matter intake and body condition score. From the 5th month of age on, in each group, a vasectomized male was used to detect estrus, establishing age at puberty onset and estrus interval for each lamb. Blood samples were collected every 28 days to determine plasma growth hormone concentration. Treatment B lambs gained more weight and had higher body condition score (P<0.05) and there was no difference for age at puberty onset and plasma growth hormone levels (P>0.05) between treatments. It was found that both treatments showed satisfactory performances. Thus, treatment A may be indicated as a reasonable feeding system to achieve positive responses on confined ewe lambs during growth phase.

The effect of liveweight and body condition score on the ability of ewe lambs to successfully rear their offspring

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Griffiths ◽  
A.L. Ridler ◽  
C. Heuer ◽  
R.A. Corner-Thomas ◽  
P.R. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Condition Score

Effect of timing of exposure to vasectomised rams and ewe lamb body condition score on the breeding performance of ewe lambs

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Cave ◽  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
S. T. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Timing Of Exposure

The aims of this study were to examine the effects of exposing Romney ewe lambs (8–9 months of age) to vasectomised rams across three studies in the February–March period and to determine the influence of body condition score (CS) in two of the studies on their reproductive performance. In all studies, ewe lambs exposed to vasectomised rams had greater (P < 0.05) conception rates to the first 17 days of breeding by 6–12 percentage points. However, Studies 2 and 3 indicated that exposing ewe lambs to vasectomised rams did not increase (P > 0.05) the percentage of ewe lambs conceiving over a 34-day breeding period, nor did it increase the number of fetuses per ewe lamb presented for breeding. The results of Study 1 suggest that there is a limit to how early in the year ewe lambs can be exposed to vasectomised rams. In Study 2, a greater (P < 0.05) percentage of Teased CS 2.0 or 2.5+ ewe lambs conceived during the first 17 days of breeding than those which were Unteased. This effect was not observed (P > 0.05) in CS 1.5 ewe lambs. In Study 3, a greater (P < 0.05) percentage of CS 2.5+ ewe lambs conceived over the 34-day breeding period than ewe lambs of lower CS. In Studies 2 and 3, ewe lambs with a CS of 2.5+ had a greater (P < 0.05) number of fetuses per ewe lamb presented for breeding than CS 1.5 ewe lambs. In conclusion, exposing ewe lambs to vasectomised rams in the late February or March period increased the proportion of ewe lambs successfully bred in the first 17 days of breeding. Further achieving higher CS and heavier liveweights of ewe lambs at breeding should result in improved reproductive performance.

Effect of body condition and breeding history on the reproductive performance of twenty month old female breeding sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
Linda M Mitchell ◽  
Margaret E King
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Breeding History

Ovulation rate in the ewe is positively related to body condition score (Gunn, Doney and Smith, 1979). For optimum performance it has been recommended that ewes should be in body condition score 3.5 at mating (MLC. 1981). However excessive fatness (body condition score 3.5 and above) has been associated with a reduction in lambing performance as a consequence of increased embryo mortality (Rhind, Gunn, Doney and Leslie. 1984).Previous studies at the Scottish Agricultural College-Aberdeen (King and Mitchell. 1990) have demonstrated superior reproductive performance for twenty month old female breeding sheep (gimmers) which have bred successfully as ewe lambs. The objective of the present study was to investigate the combined effect of body condition and breeding history (bred or unbred at eight months of age) on fecundity.

scholarly journals Auswirkungen der Weidehaltung tragender Jungrinder in einer auf ein Erstkalbealter von 24 Monaten ausgerichteten intensiven Aufzucht auf Körperentwicklung, Abkalbung und Milchleistung

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-441
Author(s):  
B. Losand ◽  
E. Czerniawska-Piątkowska ◽  
M. Szewczuk ◽  
E. Blum ◽  
P. Blaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Milk Performance

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of grazing intensively reared pregnant replacement German Holstein heifers on body development, calving and milk performance The influence of grazing intensively reared pregnant Holstein heifers on body development; calving and milk performance was tested in a farm experiment. 51 heifers were kept on pasture after insemination (VGW) and 70 heifers were continuously reared in a barn (VGS) aimed at an age at first calving of 24 month. Grazing was realized at a periodically renewed low moor pasture. Insemination began when animals reached life weight of 400 kg. Included were only heifers pregnant before 530th day of life. Life weight gain from birth to 15th month was about 850 g/day in both groups. In contrast to the continuously gaining barn reared heifers the heifers of VG pasture suffered a decrease of life weight up to 1300 g/day after starting pasture. At the same time body condition score and heart girth decreased but increased hip height. Later on pasture life weight gain as well as heart girth turned to increase up to 800 g/day and 3.5 cm/month respectively whereas body condition score tended to be constant at about 3.5. The initially decrease in life weight gain is not discussed as depression of body development but as reduction of an excessive obesity. Statistically calving problems (score 1…4) were positively related with body condition score. Furthermore calving problems influenced milk yield in first 100 days of lactation negatively. Therefore the milk yield of VGW was significant higher than VGS.

An on-farm study of late pregnancy and lactation performance of ewe lambs and their progeny on lucerne or pasture

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Stevens ◽  
L. Wright ◽  
P. Mcgill
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
On Farm

An on-farm demonstration compared the use of perennial ryegrass based pasture or lucerne as the forage source for in-lamb ewe lambs from 2 weeks prior to lambing until weaning in the Te Anau basin. This demonstration, over 2 years, used 632 and 506 in-lamb ewe lambs in 2013 and 2014 respectively with approximately 50% being single-bearing and 50% twin-bearing in both years. Pasture and lucerne were set stocked until docking at approximately 33 days of age and then rotationally grazed thereafter until weaning at approximately 110 days of age. Ewe liveweights and body condition scores tended to be higher when grazed on lucerne during spring and all ewes were at or near two-tooth mating weights at weaning (67 kg). Lamb liveweights at 110 days of age were similar from the pasture and lucerne (33.4 kg). Lamb losses were greater on lucerne (37%) than pasture (28%) in both years, and led to a significantly lower lambing percentage on lucerne. Stocking rate chosen based on previous pasture growth records and potential lucerne yield was greater on lucerne (11.7 ewes/ha) than that on pasture (9.4 ewes/ha). The combined liveweight gain of ewes and their lambs per hectare was significantly greater from lucerne (492 kg/ha) than pasture (398 kg/ ha). Scanning data from the second mating was 201% and 189% in ewes that had grazed on lucerne or pasture during the previous lactation respectively, while ewes weighed 67.7 and 65.1 kg at mating respectively. Lucerne can be used as a forage option to increase the performance of bred ewe lambs but the grazing of young lush growth should be avoided to reduce potential animal health issues. Keywords: body condition score, ewe lambs, lamb liveweight gain, lamb survival, reproduction

Changes in the condition of dunlins and knots during short-term captivity

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1724-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Loss Of Mass ◽  
Two Phases

Dunlins, Calidris alpina, and knots, Calidris canutus, captured while roosting at Teesmouth in northeastern England, were held in captivity during ringing operations. During this time they lost up to 19% (dunlins) and 23% (knots) of their total mass. In dunlins, loss of mass occurred in two phases. During phase 1 (0–8 h after capture) mass was lost at a similar, declining, rate regardless of conditions or frequency of handling. During phase 2 (>8 h after capture), frequently handled birds continued to lose mass rapidly, but the mass of less disturbed birds decreased at a lower, constant, rate. Knots had a similar two-phase mass loss. Changes in body condition were analysed in less disturbed birds. During phase 1 much of the loss was due to dehydration. Fat catabolism began within 4 h of capture at a rate of 2.2 to 2.4 times basal metabolic rate (BMR) in dunlins and 2.4 times BMR in knots. Dunlins also lost lean dry muscle tissue concurrently and at a constant rate. After 24 h, dunlins had lost 27.4% of the protein reserve available in their pectoral muscles. The consequences of the stress of capture and handling on rates of loss of mass, particularly muscle protein, are discussed, as are the implications of short-term loss of mass for the accurate measurement of body condition in live and killed samples of birds.

Energieaufnahme und Körpermasseentwicklung von Warmblutfohlen, die beim Absetzen den Betrieb wechseln

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
J. K. Mack ◽  
H. P. Remler ◽  
E. Senckenberg ◽  
E. Kienzle
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Klinische Relevanz ◽  
Condition Score

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie war, den Energiebedarf von Warmblutfohlen zu überprüfen, die durch einen Betriebswechsel beim Absetzen erhöhtem Stress ausgesetzt sind. Material und Methoden: Neun Hengstfohlen, die als Absetzer von verschiedenen Züchtern gekauft und gemeinsam aufgestallt wurden, nahmen an der Studie vom Absetzen im Alter von etwa 6 Monaten bis zu einem Alter von etwa 1 Jahr teil. Das Absetzen erfolgte im heimischen Betrieb oder nach gemeinsamem Transport von Stute und Fohlen bei Ankunft im neuen Bestand. Die Fohlen erhielten Heulage (später erster Schnitt), Hafer und Fohlenaufzuchtfutter. Um eine individuelle Kraftfutterzuteilung zu ermöglichen, wurden die Fohlen zweimal täglich separat angebunden. Erhoben wurden die Gesamtaufnahme der Heulage aller Fohlen gemeinsam pro Tag, die tägliche individuelle Kraftfutteraufnahme sowie in 4-wöchigen Abständen Körpermasse und Body Condition Score (BCS). Ergebnisse: Die tägliche Energieaufnahme der Fohlen betrug 74 MJ verdauliche Energie (68 MJ umsetzbare Energie) pro Tier. Die Fohlen wurden mit vergleichsweise niedrigem BCS von 4,2 ± 0,4 (Skala von 1 bis 9) und einer durchschnittlichen Körpermasse von 285 ± 30 kg aufgestallt. Sie erreichten am Ende der Studie im Alter von 319 ± 22 Tagen eine Körpermasse von 326 ± 24 kg und einen BCS von 4,2 ± 0,4. Die Energieaufnahme der Fohlen war höher und ihre Gewichtsentwicklung langsamer als in einer parallel laufenden Studie mit Fohlen, die im Gestüt geboren und aufgewachsen und dementsprechend beim Absetzen weniger Stress ausgesetzt waren. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Fohlen mit relativ niedriger Körpermasse und BCS und erheblichem Stress zum Zeitpunkt des Absetzens benötigen deutlich mehr Energie als Fohlen, die beim Absetzen in ihrer gewohnten Umgebung verbleiben und dadurch weniger Stressoren unterliegen.

Fütterung von Hunden und Katzen in Deutschland

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (06) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dillitzer ◽  
C. Sauter-Louis ◽  
E. Kienzle ◽  
N. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Klinische Relevanz ◽  
Condition Score

Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Gewinn epidemiologischer Daten zur Fütterung von Hunden und Katzen in Deutschland. Material und Methoden: 865 Hundeund 243 Katzenbesitzer wurden anhand standardisierter Fragebögen zu ihrem Tier (Alter, Geschlecht, Gewicht, Ernährungszustand, Gesundheit), dessen Fütterung inklusive Belohnungen und Zusätzen, den Gründen für eine Futterumstellung und zur eigenen Person (Alter, Geschlecht, Schulbildung, Beruf) befragt. Die Befragungen fanden in Tierarztpraxen, Hundeschulen, Tierheimen, Parkanlagen und via Internet statt. Zudem wurde der Body Condition Score (BCS) der Tiere durch ihre Besitzer sowie die Interviewerin beurteilt. Ergebnisse: Das Durchschnittsalter der Hunde lag bei 4,8 Jahren, das der Katzen bei 6,8 Jahren. Das Gewicht reichte beim Hund von 2,2 bis 95 kg, bei der Katze von 2 bis 11 kg. Rund 52% der Hunde und Katzen waren übergewichtig (BCS 6–9). Zwischen der Beurteilung der Besitzer bzw. der Interviewerin gab es Differenzen. Viele Besitzer unterschätzten den BCS und erkannten vor allem beginnendes Übergewicht (BCS 6–7) nicht. 58% der Hundeund 90% der Katzenbesitzer verwendeten ausschließlich handelsübliche Fertigfutter, 35% bzw. knapp 10% kombinierten diese mit zusätzlichen Futtermitteln. Knapp 8% der Hundeund < 1% der Katzenbesitzer verfütterten selbst zubereitete Rationen. Ältere (> 7 Jahre) und kranke Hunde erhielten häufiger selbst hergestellte Rationen. Ältere Besitzer (≥ 46 Jahre) tendierten vermehrt dazu, das Futter selbst zuzubereiten, während die Schulbildung und die Berufstätigkeit keinen Einfluss auf die Fütterung hatten. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Art der Fütterung und BCS bestand nicht. Besitzer mit geringerer Schulbildung sowie Hausfrauen und Rentner hatten häufiger übergewichtige Tiere. Futterbelohnungen erhielten 95% der Hunde und 65% der Katzen. Ältere und berufstätige Besitzer gaben prozentual seltener Belohnungen. Schlussfolgerungen: Übergewicht ist das größte ernährungsbedingte Problem. Im Vergleich zu früheren Studien hat sich die Zahl übergewichtiger Tiere erhöht. Klinische Relevanz: Tierbesitzer sollten frühzeitig auf Übergewicht hingewiesen werden, da sie den Beginn der Adipositas häufig nicht wahrnehmen. Die meisten Tierbesitzer verabreichen Belohnungen, was bei Diäten berücksichtigt werden muss.

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