Canine visceral leishmaniasis: a remarkable histopathological picture of one asymptomatic animal reported from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

A remarkable histopathological picture of one asymptomatic dog naturally infected with Leishmania infantum (syn. chagasi) has been presented. Intracellular parasites were ease found in macrophages of all exanimated organs, especially in skin. Embedded paraffin tissues of liver, spleen, axillary and popliteal lymph nodes, and skin (ear, muzzle and abdomen) were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and by immunocytochemical reaction (streptoavidin-peroxidase method) to detect parasites. All organs showed an intense parasitism associated to severe pathological changes. All lymph nodes had conspicuous histological architecture alterations. Lymphocytes were replaced by macrophages stuffed with an intense number of amastigotes forms of Leishmania. The lymphoid nodules (without germinal centers) and the mantle zones in the cortex that surround the follicles were markedly attenuated. Livers showed small intralobular granulomas composed by macrophages loaded with amastigotes. Spleens had an intense depression of the white pulp whereas the lymphocytes were replaced by parasitized macrophages. All fragments of different anatomical region of skin (ear, muzzle and abdomen) showed a diffuse chronic inflammation. The cellular exudate was composed by macrophages, plasmocytes and lymphocytes. Macrophages loaded with amastigotes were ease found in all tissue fragments, but more intense in ear and muzzle. Thus, this fact enhances the importance of asymptomatic dogs in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis.

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Comparative morphology of the spleen of birds of the families phasianidae and columbidae

Scientific Horizons ◽

10.33249/2663-2144-2020-93-8-164-170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (8) ◽

pp. 164-170

Author(s):

L. Horalskyi ◽

◽

N. Kolesnik ◽

I. Sokulskyi ◽

I. Horalska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal System ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Morphological Study ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Comparative Morphology ◽

White Pulp ◽

Morphometric Features ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Lymphoid Nodules ◽

Red Pulp

Morphological study of the phylogenetic direction allows to determine the ecological conditionality in the nature of the development of related forms and deepens their characteristics. The work aimed to study the spleen of birds of the Phasianidae family (chicken, quail) and Columbidae (pigeon). The histological preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Their morphometry was performed for establishing the features of the morphological structure of the organ. The microscopic structure of the spleen in birds of the pheasant and pigeon classes was characterized by the presence of the same components: stroma and parenchyma. The musculoskeletal system consisted of trabeculae and capsules. The pulp was divided into white and red. However, each species of bird had its own histological and morphometric features. The pulpal trabeculae were found only in chickens. The capsular trabeculae were also present in quails and pigeons. A characteristic feature of the pigeon's spleen is the association of the connecting trabeculae with the vascular ones, in which a large number of vessels were located. The lymphoid tissue of the spleen of birds was predominantly structured. However, in the pigeon's spleen, there was also unformed lymphoid tissue of varying size of various shapes. The white pulp of birds consisted of lymphoid nodules and periarterial lymphoid sheaths. Additionally, ellipsoids were found in the white pulp of the hens' spleen, and they were almost non-existent in pigeons. In pigeons, lymphoid nodules were mainly located in the subcapsular zone of the spleen and often formed conglomerated structures by merging 3–6 nodules. The musculoskeletal system is best developed in pigeons (9 %). The relative area of white pulp is the largest in chickens (18.6 %), red pulp – in quail (82 %).In this work, we have taken the first step in elucidating the features of the morphology of the spleen of birds of different classes, for detailed analysis, our further research will focus on the study of morphophysiology of the spleen of birds in age and breed aspects.

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Spatial distribution of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brasil, 1994-1997

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2001000500023 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1231-1239 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Cláudia Di Lorenzo Oliveira ◽

Renato Martins Assunção ◽

Ilka Afonso Reis ◽

Fernando Augusto Proietti

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Control Measures ◽

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Smooth Maps ◽

Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Belo Horizonte

In this paper, we present spatial analysis of the association between all incidents cases of human Visceral Leishmaniasis and seropositive dogs, from 1994 to 1997 in Belo Horizonte, a large Brazilian city. We geocoded 158 human cases and 11,048 seropositive dogs and compared canine prevalence rates with Human Bayesian Incidence rates in the same areas. We also used Knox's test to evaluate the hypothesis of space-time clustering of human cases in the period. Additionally, we used Kernel's maps for seropositive dogs distribution and located the human cases in the resulting smooth maps. We concluded that human and dog rates are correlated. Also, the Visceral Leishmaniasis in Belo Horizonte spread quickly, but apart from the rates' magnitude, it has kept the same spatial pattern through time. We believe it is possible to use this technique to choose areas to implement control measures against Visceral Leishmaniasis in a more efficient way.

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ROLE OF THE THYMUS IN IMMUNE REACTIONS IN RATS

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.116.2.187 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 116 (2) ◽

pp. 187-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 143

Author(s):

Byron H. Waksman ◽

Barry G. Arnason ◽

Branislav D. Janković

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Germinal Centers ◽

White Pulp ◽

Size Number ◽

Splenic White Pulp ◽

Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymphoid Nodules ◽

Lymphatic Organs

In rats thymectomized at birth, there was a profound depletion of small lymphocytes in various lymphatic organs. In the spleen, these cells were completely lacking from the Malpighian bodies and splenic white pulp. Empty reticular structures remained surrounding the white pulp arterioles. In the lymph nodes, large masses and nodules of small lymphocytes (primary lymphoid nodules) were either markedly depleted or absent, as were the zones of these cells normally surrounding germinal centers. In both spleen and nodes, germinal centers appeared normal in size, number, and cellular make-up; and plasma cells were found in normal or even increased number in their customary position. Rats which in spite of thymectomy developed intense Arthus or delayed reactivity showed incomplete depletion of the lymphoid tissue. It is concluded that small lymphocytes of the spleen and lymph nodes may come, in large part, directly from the thymus and are not derived from medium and large lymphocytes of the germinal centers. It is suggested that there may be a second population of small lymphocytes whose function is unrelated to the thymus lymphocytes.

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis: a histopathological study of lymph nodes

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.04.007 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 43-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Wanderson Geraldo Lima ◽

Marilene Suzan Marques Michalick ◽

Maria Norma de Melo ◽

Washington Luiz Tafuri ◽

Wagner Luiz Tafuri

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Histopathological Study ◽

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

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Pathomorphological characteristic of immune organs for circovirus infection of piglets

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet8329 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (83) ◽

pp. 150-155

Author(s):

G. Kotsyumbas ◽

M. Shkil

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Sharp Decrease ◽

Giant Cells ◽

White Pulp ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Immune Organs ◽

Vascular Walls ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Pulp Cells ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin

The article elucidates the results of pathoanatomical and histological searches of peripheral immune organs for circovirus infection of piglets. In one of the farms of Transcarpathian region among the pigs of 3–4 months of age were found clinically ill animals, blood was taken, serum test was performed and circiiros was diagnosed. The pathoanatomical autopsy of 12 corpses of piglets was done. During the autopsy of corpses macroscopic changes were studied and samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen were taken, which were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, dehydrated in alcohols of increasing concentration, followed by sealing and filling with paraffin. From paraffin blocks, histological cuts were made, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, using the Van Gizon method. Light microscopy and photographing were performed using a Leica DM-2500 (Switzerland) microscope and Leica DFC450C cameras and the Leica Application Suite Version 4.4 software. For macroscopic examination, in all cases, hyperplasia of the spleen and serous-hemorrhagic lymphadenitis have been established. For histological examination of mesenteric lymph nodes in sick piglets with cirrhosis against a background of severe congestive hyperemia, diapedeous hemorrhages, exudation, there was a sharp decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, activation of reticuloendothelial cells, transformation of them into epithelioid and formation of giant cells. The detection of polycarocytes in the lymph nodes of sick piglets on the circus is a morphological confirmation of the cytopathic effect of the virus. The histological search of the spleen of pigs for circovirus infection on the background of blood filling, edema of trabeculae, plasma permeation of vascular walls was marked by an intensive decrease in the number of white pulp cells, as evidenced by a sharp decrease in the lymph nodes themselves. The revealed histostructural changes indicated a depletion of the spleen, suppression of its generative function, and an immunosuppressive state of one of the organs of immunogenesis.

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Anti-Leishmania infantum Antibody-Producing Plasma Cells in the Spleen in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10121635 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1635

Author(s):

Jonathan L. M. Fontes ◽

Bianca R. Mesquita ◽

Reginaldo Brito ◽

Juliana C. S. Gomes ◽

Caroline V. B. de Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

White Pulp ◽

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Patient Death ◽

Membrane Antigens ◽

Splenic Red Pulp ◽

Antibody Secreting Cells ◽

Increased Susceptibility ◽

Red Pulp

The spleen is involved in visceral leishmaniasis immunopathogenesis, and presents alterations in white-pulp microenvironments that are associated with an increased susceptibility to coinfections and patient death. Plasmacytosis in splenic red pulp (RP) is one observed alteration, but the specificity of antibody-secreting cells and the distribution of them has not yet been evaluated. We biotinylated soluble L. infantum membrane antigens (bSLMA) used as probes in modified immunohistochemistry, and detected the presence of anti-L. infantum antibody-secreting cells. Were used spleens from eight dogs from the endemic area for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL), and three healthier controls. The spleen sections were cryopreserved, and we performed modified immunohistochemistry. The ratio of plasma cells which were reactive to bSLMA (Anti-Leish-PC) in the spleen RP and periarteriolar lymphatic sheath (PALS) were calculated. Dogs with CanL present hyperglobulinemia and more plasma cells in their RP than the controls. Furthermore, dogs with CanL presented a lower proportion of Anti-Leish-PC in their RP than in PALS. Likewise, dysproteinemia was related to RP and PALS plasmacytosis, and a more severe clinical profile.

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