scholarly journals Crescimento do fungo simbionte de formigas cortadeiras do gênero Acromyrmex em meios de cultura com diferentes extratos

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina da Silva Borba ◽  
Alci Enimar Loeck ◽  
Juliana de Magalhães Bandeira ◽  
Caroline Leivas Moraes ◽  
Elias Daniel Centenaro
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Typha Angustifolia ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Acromyrmex Lundi ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus

As formigas cortadeiras mostram preferência por algumas espécies vegetais, as quais são constantemente desfolhadas, enquanto outras não são atacadas, embora sejam abundantes e localizadas próximas ao ninho. As formigas dos gêneros Atta e Acromyrmex cortam plantas e transportam pedaços para os formigueiros. O material vegetal é usado para o cultivo do fungo Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, do qual se alimentam. Vários trabalhos utilizando extratos de plantas têm sido realizados para avaliar o efeito sobre o desenvolvimento do fungo simbionte. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de meios de cultura acrescidos de diferentes extratos sobre o crescimento do fungo L. gongylophorus. Fungos das espécies Acromyrmex ambiguus, Acromyrmex crassispinus, Acromyrmex heyeri e Acromyrmex lundi foram inoculados nos meios Ágar Nutritivo e BDA, ambos acrescidos de melaço e de extratos de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), tifa (Typha angustifolia L.) e formiga (Atta sexdens piriventris). O meio Pagnocca foi utilizado como padrão. As placas foram mantidas em câmaras climatizadas à temperatura de 25 + 1°C e escotofase de 24 hs, por um período de 49 dias. O crescimento fúngico foi avaliado com base no diâmetro da colônia, sendo este avaliado em intervalos semanais, totalizando sete avaliações. Também foi avaliado o peso seco do fungo aos 53 dias. Os resultados mostraram que o fungo cultivado por diferentes espécies de formigas tem crescimento diferenciado em meios de cultura com diferentes extratos.

scholarly journals OCORRÊNCIA DE FORMIGAS CORTADEIRAS NA REGIÃO DA DEPRESSÃO CENTRAL DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Grürzmacher ◽  
Alci Enimar Loeck ◽  
Ane H. Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Acromyrmex Lobicornis ◽  
Acromyrmex Lundi

Com o objetivo de identificar as espécies de formigas cortadeiras que existem na região da Depressão Central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, de verificar sua predominância e distribuição geográfica, realizou-se um levantamento em 51 municípios. Foram coletadas 40 amostras de formigas de cada município no segundo semestre de 1999. A identificação das formigas e a interpretação dos dados foi realizada no Departamento de Fitossanidade da Faculdade de Agronomia "Eliseu Maciel" da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Na análise das 2.058 amostras de formigas, constatou-se a presença de: Atta sexdens piriventris Santschi, 1919; Acromyrmex laticeps (Emery, 1905); Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel, 1909); Acromyrmex heyeri (Forel, 1899); Acromyrmex lundi (Guerin, 1838); Acromyrmex ambiguus (Emery, 1887); Acromyrmex striatus (Roger, 1863); Acromyrmex lobicornis (Emery, 1887); Acromyrmex coronatus (Fabricius, 1804) e Acromyrmex landolti balzani Emery, 1890. As espécies predominantes foram Acromyrmex lundi, Atta sexdens piriventris, A. ambiguus, A. heyeri, A. striatus e A. laticeps, representando, respectivamente, 23,91%, 22,89%, 16,86%, 14,04%, 6,85% e 6,70% do total amostrado, ocorrendo em 84,31%, 60,78%, 70,59%, 84,31%, 78,43% e 88,24% dos municípios, respectivamente. As demais espécies (A. crassispinus, A. lobicornis, A. landolti balzani e A. coronatus) foram pouco freqüentes, representando juntas 6,27% do total, sendo por isso, consideradas de ocorrência rara nesta região.

scholarly journals A New Imidazole Alkaloid and Other Constituents from Pilocarpus grandiflorus and their Antifungal Activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 787-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejane C. de Souza ◽  
João B. Fernandes ◽  
Paulo C. Vieira ◽  
M. Fátima das G. F. da Silva ◽  
Marizete F. P. Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Spectroscopic Evidence ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Atta Sexdens Rubropilosa ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus

The stems of Pilocarpus grandiflorus have afforded the new imidazole alkaloid 4,6-dehydro- 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2,5-dioxopilocarpine in addition to the 17 known compounds germanicol, β - amiryn, ocotillone, stigmast-4-en-3-one, 3β -hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one, 6β -hydroxy-stigmast-4- en-3-one, β -sitosterol, scopoletin, 3-(1’,1’-dimethylallyl)-scopoletin, elisin, dictamine, 4-methoxy-2- quinolone, platydesmine, syringaresinol, syringaldehyde, syringic acid and vanillic acid. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The phenolic compounds vanillic acid and syringaldehyde and the furoquinoline alkaloid platydesmine exhibited antifungal activity against Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, the symbiotic fungus of leaf-cutting ants (Atta sexdens rubropilosa).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Toxicity ofVirola sebiferaCrude Extracts, Fractions and Isolated Compounds on the Nest of Leaf-Cutting Ants

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keylla Utherdyany Bicalho ◽  
Ana Paula Terezan ◽  
Denise Cristina Martins ◽  
Taís Garcia Freitas ◽  
João Batista Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus ◽  
Counter Current

The phytochemical study ofVirola sebiferaleaves led to the isolation of three lignans: (+)-sesamin, (−)-hinokinin, and (−)-kusunokinin and three flavonoids: quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, and quercetin-3-methoxy-7-O-β-D-glucoside by using techniques as high-speed counter-current chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal and fungicidal potential againstAtta sexdens rubropilosaand its symbiotic fungusLeucoagaricus gongylophorus. The bioassay results showed a high insecticidal activity for the methanol crude extract of the leaves ofV. sebiferaand itsn-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. The fungicidal bioassay revealed high toxicity of the lignans againstL. gongylophorus.

scholarly journals Metabolism of Plant Polysaccharides byLeucoagaricus gongylophorus, the Symbiotic Fungus of the Leaf-Cutting Ant Atta sexdens L

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 4820-4822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Gomes De Siqueira ◽  
Maurício Bacci ◽  
Fernando Carlos Pagnocca ◽  
Odair Correa Bueno ◽  
Maria JoséAparecida Hebling
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Plant Polysaccharides ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Metabolic Integration ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus ◽  
Cut Leaves ◽  
Ant Fungus

ABSTRACT Atta sexdens L. ants feed on the fungus they cultivate on cut leaves inside their nests. The fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, metabolizes plant polysaccharides, such as xylan, starch, pectin, and cellulose, mediating assimilation of these compounds by the ants. This metabolic integration may be an important part of the ant-fungus symbiosis, and it involves primarily xylan and starch, both of which support rapid fungal growth. Cellulose seems to be less important for symbiont nutrition, since it is poorly degraded and assimilated by the fungus. Pectin is rapidly degraded but slowly assimilated by L. gongylophorus, and its degradation may occur so that the fungus can more easily access other polysaccharides in the leaves.

scholarly journals INSECTICIDAL AND FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY OF A MAGNESIUM COMPOUND CONTAINING ISOVANILLIC ACID AGAINST LEAF-CUTTING ANT AND ITS SYMBIOTIC FUNGUS

Química Nova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldevan Silva ◽  
Rafael Marchi ◽  
Carla Matos ◽  
Maria Silva ◽  
João Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
World Population ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Sunlight Irradiation ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Action Mode ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Magnesium Compound ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus

Pesticides offer a simple, cost-effective solution to ensure food supplies for a growing world population. However, their environmental performance needs improvement if pesticides are to continue contributing importantly. This study explores the insecticidal potential of a magnesium (II) metal complex containing 1,10-phenanthroline and isovanillic acid (MgPhenIso) against leaf-cutting ant (Atta sexdens rubropilosa) and its symbiotic fungus (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus). The MgPhenIso complex is easy-to-prepare, stable in solid state and in aqueous solution, and resistant to sunlight irradiation. The insecticidal activity of MgPhenIso-containing bait against A. sexdens rubropilosa and L. gongylophorus showed a delayed action mode at 2 mg g-1 (100% kill, 6th day, S50=2b) and suppressed fungus development and growth. These results, together with earlier investigations on MgPhenIso regarding its absence of toxicity to Zebrafish and Wistar male rats, emphasize the potential of this complex as an environmentally friendly insecticide candidate.

scholarly journals Desenvolvimento in vitro do fungo simbionte de Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em meio de cultura com diferentes extratos vegetais

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1603-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Dias de Souza ◽  
Otávio Peres Filho ◽  
Sidney Fernando Caldeira ◽  
Alberto Dorval ◽  
Nilton José Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Atta Sexdens Rubropilosa ◽  
Inga Edulis ◽  
Vochysia Divergens ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento in vitro de Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, fungo simbionte de Atta sexdens rubropilosa, em meio de cultura acrescido com extratos de 24 espécies vegetais. O fungo foi inoculado no meio BDA, acrescido com os extratos vegetais, além de quatro controles, em placas de Petri. As placas foram mantidas em câmaras climatizadas à temperatura de 25±1°C no escuro, por um período de 42 dias. O crescimento do fungo foi avaliado semanalmente através do diâmetro da colônia. Os resultados mostraram que o fungo simbionte dessas formigas apresenta um crescimento diferenciado em relação aos extratos fornecidos nas placas, sendo que o meio acrescido com os extratos de arica (Physocalymma scaberrimum), cerejeira (Amburana acreana), cedro (Cedrela fissilis), timbó (Magonia pubescens), leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) e mogno (Swietenia macrophylla) prejudicaram o desenvolvimento. No entanto, os extratos de genipapo (Genipa americana), seringueira (Heveaa brasiliensis), ingá (Inga edulis) e cambará (Vochysia divergens) apresentaram melhores condições de desenvolvimento para o fungo simbionte.

scholarly journals Activity of sesame leaf extracts against the symbiotic fungus of Atta sexdens L.

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelamaris B. Ribeiro ◽  
Fernando C. Pagnocca ◽  
Sandra R. Victor ◽  
Odair C. Bueno ◽  
Maria J. Hebling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Single Substance ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus

The symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Möller) Singer (syn. Rozites gongylophora Möller) cultivated by the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens L. had its development strongly inhibited by crude extracts obtained from leaves of sesame, Sesamum indicum L. (Pedaliaceae). With most of the fractions from these extracts total inhibition was observed at 2.5 mg/ml, whereas inhibition of 50% was observed with some fractions at 1.25 mg/ml. Chromatographic analysis of the hexane extract showed that it was composed by a mixture of fatty acids, of which tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, icosanoic, docosanoic and 9,12,15 octadecatrienoic acids were the major components. The separation of these compounds during the different steps of purification resulted in no or lower inhibitory effect for most of these fractions, indicating that the inhibitory activity observed could be due to the joint action of these compounds present in the leaf tissue, rather than to the action of a single substance.

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