scholarly journals INSECTICIDAL AND FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY OF A MAGNESIUM COMPOUND CONTAINING ISOVANILLIC ACID AGAINST LEAF-CUTTING ANT AND ITS SYMBIOTIC FUNGUS

Química Nova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldevan Silva ◽  
Rafael Marchi ◽  
Carla Matos ◽  
Maria Silva ◽  
João Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
World Population ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Sunlight Irradiation ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Action Mode ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Magnesium Compound ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus

Pesticides offer a simple, cost-effective solution to ensure food supplies for a growing world population. However, their environmental performance needs improvement if pesticides are to continue contributing importantly. This study explores the insecticidal potential of a magnesium (II) metal complex containing 1,10-phenanthroline and isovanillic acid (MgPhenIso) against leaf-cutting ant (Atta sexdens rubropilosa) and its symbiotic fungus (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus). The MgPhenIso complex is easy-to-prepare, stable in solid state and in aqueous solution, and resistant to sunlight irradiation. The insecticidal activity of MgPhenIso-containing bait against A. sexdens rubropilosa and L. gongylophorus showed a delayed action mode at 2 mg g-1 (100% kill, 6th day, S50=2b) and suppressed fungus development and growth. These results, together with earlier investigations on MgPhenIso regarding its absence of toxicity to Zebrafish and Wistar male rats, emphasize the potential of this complex as an environmentally friendly insecticide candidate.

scholarly journals A New Imidazole Alkaloid and Other Constituents from Pilocarpus grandiflorus and their Antifungal Activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 787-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejane C. de Souza ◽  
João B. Fernandes ◽  
Paulo C. Vieira ◽  
M. Fátima das G. F. da Silva ◽  
Marizete F. P. Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Spectroscopic Evidence ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Atta Sexdens Rubropilosa ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus

The stems of Pilocarpus grandiflorus have afforded the new imidazole alkaloid 4,6-dehydro- 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2,5-dioxopilocarpine in addition to the 17 known compounds germanicol, β - amiryn, ocotillone, stigmast-4-en-3-one, 3β -hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one, 6β -hydroxy-stigmast-4- en-3-one, β -sitosterol, scopoletin, 3-(1’,1’-dimethylallyl)-scopoletin, elisin, dictamine, 4-methoxy-2- quinolone, platydesmine, syringaresinol, syringaldehyde, syringic acid and vanillic acid. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The phenolic compounds vanillic acid and syringaldehyde and the furoquinoline alkaloid platydesmine exhibited antifungal activity against Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, the symbiotic fungus of leaf-cutting ants (Atta sexdens rubropilosa).

scholarly journals Metabolism of Plant Polysaccharides byLeucoagaricus gongylophorus, the Symbiotic Fungus of the Leaf-Cutting Ant Atta sexdens L

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 4820-4822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Gomes De Siqueira ◽  
Maurício Bacci ◽  
Fernando Carlos Pagnocca ◽  
Odair Correa Bueno ◽  
Maria JoséAparecida Hebling
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Plant Polysaccharides ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Metabolic Integration ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus ◽  
Cut Leaves ◽  
Ant Fungus

ABSTRACT Atta sexdens L. ants feed on the fungus they cultivate on cut leaves inside their nests. The fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, metabolizes plant polysaccharides, such as xylan, starch, pectin, and cellulose, mediating assimilation of these compounds by the ants. This metabolic integration may be an important part of the ant-fungus symbiosis, and it involves primarily xylan and starch, both of which support rapid fungal growth. Cellulose seems to be less important for symbiont nutrition, since it is poorly degraded and assimilated by the fungus. Pectin is rapidly degraded but slowly assimilated by L. gongylophorus, and its degradation may occur so that the fungus can more easily access other polysaccharides in the leaves.

scholarly journals Activity of sesame leaf extracts against the symbiotic fungus of Atta sexdens L.

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelamaris B. Ribeiro ◽  
Fernando C. Pagnocca ◽  
Sandra R. Victor ◽  
Odair C. Bueno ◽  
Maria J. Hebling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Single Substance ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus

The symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Möller) Singer (syn. Rozites gongylophora Möller) cultivated by the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens L. had its development strongly inhibited by crude extracts obtained from leaves of sesame, Sesamum indicum L. (Pedaliaceae). With most of the fractions from these extracts total inhibition was observed at 2.5 mg/ml, whereas inhibition of 50% was observed with some fractions at 1.25 mg/ml. Chromatographic analysis of the hexane extract showed that it was composed by a mixture of fatty acids, of which tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, icosanoic, docosanoic and 9,12,15 octadecatrienoic acids were the major components. The separation of these compounds during the different steps of purification resulted in no or lower inhibitory effect for most of these fractions, indicating that the inhibitory activity observed could be due to the joint action of these compounds present in the leaf tissue, rather than to the action of a single substance.

Taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties in Leucoagaricus (Agaricaceae) from Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 494 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-58
Author(s):  
CELESTE HEISECKE ◽  
JAIME ANDRÉS DUQUE BARBOSA ◽  
MARIA ALICE NEVES ◽  
ANIBAL ALVES DE CARVALHO JR
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus ◽  
Pileus Surface

Leucoagaricus nzumbae sp. nov. (Agaricaceae) is described based on morphological and molecular data from Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This species is characterized by the delicate small basidiomes that turn completely lilac when dried, brownish color of the pileus surface, and trichodermal elements with intracellular and parietal brown pigments of the pileus covering. A lectotype and an epitype are designated for Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, a symbiotic fungus of leaf-cutting ants. Full description, nomenclatural notes, and illustrations of fresh basidiomes in situ and of the main macro-and micromorphological features of both species are provided.

scholarly journals Toxicity of sesame extracts to the symbiotic fungus of leaf-cutting ants

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Carlos Pagnocca ◽  
Osvaldo Aulino da Silva ◽  
Maria Jose Hebling-Beraldo ◽  
Odair Correa Bueno ◽  
João Batista Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Atta Sexdens Rubropilosa ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Leucocoprinus Gongylophorus

AbstractExtracts of different sesame plant (Sesamum indicum) Linnaeus organs inhibited the in vitro growth of the fungus Leucocoprinus gongylophorus (Möller) (=Rozites gongylophora Möller), which is cultivated by the leaf-cutting ants of the species Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The presence of the factor responsible for this inhibition was detected in methanol or chloroform extracts and is constant in the plant.

scholarly journals DETERMINAÇÃO DO CONSUMO DE FOLHAS DE Eucalyptus grandis POR FORMIGUEIROS DE Atta sexdens rubropilosa

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Daniele Ukan ◽  
Nilton José Sousa ◽  
Claudiane Belinovski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Atta Sexdens Rubropilosa ◽  
Leaf Cutting

Pelo fato de cortarem material vegetal e o transportarem para o interior de suas colônias, as saúvas tornam-se importantes agentes de acumulação de matéria orgânica no solo, por meio de suas câmaras de descarte (lixo). Esse material acumulado é oriundo do processamento do fungo simbionte e se torna uma fonte de nutrientes. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a conversão de folhas de Eucalyptus grandis em resíduos, por colônias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa monitoradas em laboratório. Foram selecionadas 8 colônias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa, sendo 4 coletadas em 2007 (denominados adultos) e 4 coletadas em 2010 (denominadas jovens). Durante 72 dias, elas foram supridas com folhas de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis. A média do fator de conversão entre os formigueiros adultos e jovens monitorados em laboratório foi de 1,49. Observou-se que 63,65% do material fornecido aos formigueiros converteram-se em resíduos.Palavras-chave: Resíduos; formigas-cortadeiras; taxa de conversão. AbstractDetermination of consumption of Eucalyptus grandis by nests of Atta sexdens rubropilosa. Because ants cut and carry plant material inside their colonies, they become important agents for the accumulation of organic matter in the soil through their disposal chambers. This accumulated material comes from  symbiotic fungus processing and can become a source of nutrients. In the context, the objective of this study was to determine the conversion of leaves of Eucalyptus grandis into waste by colonies of Atta sexdens rubropilosa monitored in laboratory. We selected eight colonies of Atta sexdens rubropilosa, 4 collected in 2007 (called adults), and 4 in 2010 (referred to as young). During 72 days, they were supplied with leaves of Eucalyptus grandis. The average conversion factor between the young and adult colonies monitored in the laboratory was 1.49. We observed that 63.65% of the material supplied to the colonies converted to waste.Keywords: Waste; leaf-cutting ants; conversion rate.

scholarly journals Isolation and molecular characterization of symbiotic fungus from Acromyrmex ambiguus and Acromyrmex heyeri ants of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1256-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira ◽  
Sônia de Avila Botton ◽  
Maria Isabel de Azevedo ◽  
Danieli Urach Monteiro ◽  
Carla Weiblen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus ◽  
Relationship Of

Leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex determine serious agricultural problems and live on symbiosis with Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. The aim of this study is to identify morphological and molecularly, as well as to verify the genotypic variability of the symbiotic fungus cultivated by A. heyeri and A. ambiguus from three different regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Fungus gardens were collected and fragments of mycelia were grown in selective medium. Total DNA was extracted and amplification of the ITS region was performed by PCR using universal primers. After DNA sequencing, the chromatograms were assembled and phylogenetic analyzes were performed by the Neighbor-Joining method. A total of six isolates of L. gongylophorus were obtained and their identities were confirmed by molecular analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region showed a tree with two distinct groups regarding the fungus isolates from A. heiyeri and A. ambiguous. In this study, it was verified that A. heyeri and A. ambiguous, cultivate the same fungus. Additionally, the molecular marker used in this study showed variations in L. gongylophorus, evidencing two distinct branches in the phylogenetic tree, according to the ant species that cultivate L. gongylophorus. However, other studies involving the inclusion of a great number of isolates of L. gongylophorus, as well as the use of other molecular markers to validate the possible variations in the phylogenetic relationship of this symbiotic fungus are required.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Toxicity ofVirola sebiferaCrude Extracts, Fractions and Isolated Compounds on the Nest of Leaf-Cutting Ants

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keylla Utherdyany Bicalho ◽  
Ana Paula Terezan ◽  
Denise Cristina Martins ◽  
Taís Garcia Freitas ◽  
João Batista Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus ◽  
Counter Current

The phytochemical study ofVirola sebiferaleaves led to the isolation of three lignans: (+)-sesamin, (−)-hinokinin, and (−)-kusunokinin and three flavonoids: quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, and quercetin-3-methoxy-7-O-β-D-glucoside by using techniques as high-speed counter-current chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal and fungicidal potential againstAtta sexdens rubropilosaand its symbiotic fungusLeucoagaricus gongylophorus. The bioassay results showed a high insecticidal activity for the methanol crude extract of the leaves ofV. sebiferaand itsn-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. The fungicidal bioassay revealed high toxicity of the lignans againstL. gongylophorus.

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