The genus Brucella and clinical manifestations of brucellosis

Infection with bacteria of the genus Brucella results in major economic and political impact by causing reproductive diseases in a significant number of domestic animal species. Moreover, it has a great social significance, since many species are capable of causing human infection, with severe consequences. Dissemination of knowledge on a specific disease is an essential step for its control. Considering that brucellosis is still the most prevalent zoonosis in the world, information about taxonomy, clinical signs in domestic animals and humans are crucial for attempting to reduce the prevalence of this disease. The recent isolation and characterization of non-classical species of Brucella indicates that a lot remains to be discovered about this genus. Nevertheless, due to the social-economic importance of brucellosis, this review aims to clarify points related to taxonomy of the genus and describe the clinical relevance of infection in humans and domestic animals.

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Alphaviruses

Oxford Textbook of Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070512_update_001 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 557-561

Author(s):

E.E. Ooi ◽

L.R. Petersen ◽

D.J. Gubler

Keyword(s):

Mosquito Species ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Human Infection ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

The Family ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Complex Transmission ◽

Diagnosis Of Infection

There are 29 registered alphaviruses belonging to the family Togaviridae, 16 of which are known to cause human infection. They are RNA viruses with global geographical distribution and complex transmission cycles between wild or domestic animals or birds and one or more mosquito species; humans are infected by mosquito bites. They cause a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from nonspecific febrile illness to acute encephalitis and death. Diagnosis of infection is made serologically by detection of IgM and IgG antibodies, virus isolation, and polymerase chain reaction, or by immunohistochemistry on tissue samples....

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Determination of natural versus laboratory human infection with Mayaro virus by molecular analysis

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268899003180 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 123 (3) ◽

pp. 511-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

T. JUNT ◽

J. M. HERAUD ◽

J. LELARGE ◽

B. LABEAU ◽

A. TALARMIN

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Laboratory Strain ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Human Infection ◽

Sequence Comparisons ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Level 3 ◽

Mayaro Virus

A laboratory worker developed clinical signs of infection with Mayaro virus (Togaviridae), an arbovirus of South and Central America, 6 days after preparation of Mayaro viral antigen and 10 days after a trip to a rain forest. There was no evidence of skin lesions during the antigen preparation, and level 3 containment safety measures were followed. Therefore, molecular characterization of the virus was undertaken to identify the source of infection. RT–PCR and DNA sequence comparisons proved the infection was with the laboratory strain. Airborne Mayaro virus contamination is thus a hazard to laboratory personnel.

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Isolation and Characterization of Campylobacter spp. from Domestic Animals and Poultry in South of Iran

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3923/pjbs.2007.1519.1524 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1519-1524 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Baserisale ◽

N. Bahador ◽

B.P. Kapadnis

Keyword(s):

Domestic Animals ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Campylobacter Spp

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Alphaviruses

Oxford Textbook of Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0087 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 821-826

Author(s):

Ann M. Powers ◽

E.E. Ooi ◽

L.R. Petersen ◽

D.J. Gubler

Keyword(s):

Mosquito Species ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Human Infection ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

The Family ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Complex Transmission ◽

Diagnosis Of Infection

There are 31 registered alphaviruses belonging to the family Togaviridae, 16 of which are known to cause human infection. They are RNA viruses with global geographical distribution and complex transmission cycles, usually between wild or domestic animals and one or more mosquito species; humans are infected by mosquito bites and are often incidental hosts that do not contribute to the maintenance of the virus. They cause a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from non-specific febrile illness to chronic arthralgia to acute encephalitis and death. Diagnosis of infection is made by several methods including serologically by detection of IgM and/or IgG antibodies, virus isolation, molecularly using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, or by immunohistochemistry on tissue samples.

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Isolation and Characterization of Mycoplasma mycoides Subspecies capri from Milk of Natural Goat Mastitis Cases

ISRN Veterinary Science ◽

10.1155/2013/593029 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vijay Kumar ◽

Rajneesh Rana ◽

Somya Mehra ◽

Pramod Kumar Rout

Keyword(s):

Restriction Analysis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Strain Variation ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽

Species Specific ◽

Amplified Rdna Restriction Analysis ◽

Indian Goat

Association of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri (Mmc) with natural goat mastitis has been studied earlier largely by detecting the Mmc DNA using molecular methods. However, report on detection of cultivable Mmc isolates from natural goat-mastitis milk is still very rare. In this study, Mmc was isolated from milk samples () of goats with or without clinical signs of mastitis. Mmc isolates were further characterized by biochemical and species-specific PCR methods. Intra species strain variation was also studied by 16S amplified rDNA restriction analysis (16S ARDRA). The study recovered a total of 6 Mmc isolates (3.5%). Three types of intraspecies variants among the recovered Mmc isolates were found by 16S ARDRA. The study concluded that Mmc may be an etiological agent of mycoplasmal mastitis in Indian goat herds.

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ISOTOPIC ANALYSES REVEAL GEOGRAPHICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC PATTERNS IN HISTORICAL DOMESTIC ANIMAL TRADE BETWEEN PREDOMINANTLY WHEAT- AND MAIZE-GROWING AGRICULTURAL REGIONS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

American Antiquity ◽

10.1017/aaq.2016.34 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 341-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Eric Guiry ◽

Paul Szpak ◽

Michael P. Richards

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

North American ◽

Domestic Animal ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Upper Canada ◽

Social Significance ◽

Long Distance ◽

The Social ◽

Isotopic Analyses ◽

Urban Contexts

Historical zooarchaeologists have made significant contributions to key questions about the social, economic, and nutritional dimensions of domestic animal use in North American colonial contexts; however, techniques commonly employed in faunal analyses do not offer a means of assessing many important aspects of how animals were husbanded and traded. We apply isotopic analyses to faunal remains from archaeological sites to assess the social and economic importance of meat trade and consumption of local and foreign animal products in northeastern North America. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of 310 cattle and pigs from 18 rural and urban archaeological sites in Upper Canada (present-day southern Ontario, Canada; ca. A.D. 1790–1890) are compared with livestock from contemporary American sources to quantify the importance of meat from different origins at rural and higher- and lower-status urban contexts. Results show significant differences between urban and rural households in the consumption of local animals and meat products acquired through long-distance trade. A striking pattern in urban contexts provides new evidence for the social significance of meat origins in historical Upper Canada and highlights the potential for isotopic approaches to reveal otherwise-hidden evidence for social and economic roles of animals in North American archaeology.

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Re-emergence of rabies in dogs and other domestic animals in eastern Bhutan, 2005–2007

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268810001135 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 139 (2) ◽

pp. 220-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

TENZIN ◽

N. K. DHAND ◽

J. DORJEE ◽

M. P. WARD

Keyword(s):

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Domestic Animal ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Major Outbreak ◽

Sporadic Cases

SUMMARYWe report a major outbreak of rabies in dogs and other domestic animals that occurred in eastern Bhutan between May 2005 and November 2007. The outbreak peaked in February 2006 and subsided by the end of April 2006 with sporadic cases reported until November 2007. Rabies affected 18 of the 40 sub-districts in the three eastern districts of Bhutan. There were reportedly one human and 256 domestic animal fatalities. The outbreak affected cattle (n=141, 55%), dogs (n=106, 41%), horses (n=7, 3%) and cats (n=2, 1%). Rabies was primarily diagnosed by clinical signs but 36 cases were confirmed by fluorescent antibody test of brain samples. High densities and movements of free-roaming dogs might have been responsible for the rapid spread and persistence of the infection for a longer period than expected in dogs in eastern Bhutan.

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On hematogenous disseminated forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj80685 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (10-11) ◽

pp. 890-897

Author(s):

N. M. Zakharov ◽

S. S. Tsukerman

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Social Significance ◽

Social Therapy ◽

The Social

The polymorphism of pulmonary tuberculosis, the exceptional versatility of its clinical manifestations, unexpected turns in the course, various combinations with lesions of other organs - all this against the background of the social significance of the problem of tuberculosis creates a number of difficulties for the doctor not only in recognizing the disease, but also in choosing the paths along which it should unfold medical and social therapy.

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Alston Virus, a Novel Paramyxovirus Isolated from Bats Causes Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Experimentally Challenged Ferrets

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v10120675 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 675 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rebecca Johnson ◽

Mary Tachedjian ◽

Brenton Rowe ◽

Bronwyn Clayton ◽

Rachel Layton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tract Infection ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Upper Respiratory

Multiple viruses with zoonotic potential have been isolated from bats globally. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel paramyxovirus, Alston virus (AlsPV), isolated from urine collected from an Australian pteropid bat colony in Alstonville, New South Wales. Characterization of AlsPV by whole-genome sequencing and analyzing antigenic relatedness revealed it is a rubulavirus that is closely related to parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5). Intranasal exposure of mice to AlsPV resulted in no clinical signs of disease, although viral RNA was detected in the olfactory bulbs of two mice at 21 days post exposure. Oronasal challenge of ferrets resulted in subclinical upper respiratory tract infection, viral shedding in respiratory secretions, and detection of viral antigen in the olfactory bulb of the brain. These results imply that AlsPV may be similar to PIV5 in its ability to infect multiple mammalian host species. This isolation of a novel paramyxovirus with the potential to transmit from bats to other mammalian species reinforces the importance of continued surveillance of bats as a source of emerging viruses.

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