scholarly journals Long-term annual fertilization with nitrogen and potassium affect yield and mineral composition of 'Fuji' apple

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Nava ◽  
Antonio Roque Dechen
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
The Mean ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
K Fertilization

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are closely related to orchard productivity, since they are usually found in higher concentrations than others macronutrients in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) fruits. This research was carried out to assess the effect of eight years of soil additions of N and K on yield, fruit size and mineral composition of 'Fuji'/Marubakaido apple in São Joaquim, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. A factorial design was used with N and K annual fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, 200 kg ha-1 of N and K2O) replicated in three orchards from 1998 to 2006. Yield was estimated by multiplying the total number of fruit per tree by the mean weight of 100 randomly sampled fruit. Fifteen days prior to harvest, 24 fruit pulps were analyzed for N, K, Ca and Mg contents. Increases in yields were noticed in five and four years, due to the N and K fertilizer additions, respectively. Fruit size was more affected by K than by N fertilization. Fruit mineral composition was affected by both N and K fertilization. N concentration and N:Ca ratios were enlarged by N fertilization. K concentration and K:Ca ratios were also enlarged by K fertilization. Ca fruit concentration was reduced by N fertilization and often by K. Ca-related fruit disorders were not observed even after 180 days storage. However, N and K fertilization affected Ca nutrition. Thus, when fertilizing with N and K, it is imperative to use combined practices in order to offset the detrimental effect that these nutrients may cause on Ca concentration in the fruit.

Response of silage corn and wheat to dairy manure and fertilizers in long-term fertilized and manured trials

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien N’Dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Silage corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown (1987–1991) in trials that had been manured and fertilized since 1978 to evaluate the effects of annual N, P, K and Mg fertilizers and dairy cattle manure on yields and nutrient uptake. Manure as the main factor was applied at 0 and 20 Mg ha−1 on a wet-weight basis. The subplots consisted of six fertilizer treatments: NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKMg and the unfertilized control. For silage corn, fertilizer rates were 150, 100, 150 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P2O5, K2O and Mg, respectively. Fertilizer rates for wheat were 80, 100, 120 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P2O5, K2O and Mg, respectively. In manured plots, reduced N rates were applied for silage corn (100 kg N ha−1) and wheat (50 kg N ha−1). Silage corn and wheat yields and nutrient uptake were significantly increased by manure, N and K fertilizers whereas P and Mg effects were limited. A N-K synergistic effect on yields and nutrient uptake was observed both for silage corn and wheat. Application of K fertilizer significantly reduced silage corn Mg uptake without limiting yields, while it increased wheat yields and Mg uptake. Reduced N rates applied to silage corn and wheat achieved maximum yields and nutrient uptake in long-term manured treatments. Crop response to fertilizer application varied with crop species and was higher for silage corn than for wheat. Fertilizer adjustment is necessary after a long-term fertilizer or manure application. Key words: Silage corn, wheat, yields, nutrient uptake, manure, fertilizers, long-term, response to fertilizers

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN, POTASSIUM, AND MAGNESIUM FERTILIZATION ON DAY-NEUTRAL STRAWBERRIES IN QUEBEC

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 251d-251
Author(s):  
M. Lamarre ◽  
M.J. Lareau
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar ◽  
K Fertilization

From June to Sept. 1993, the day-neutral strawberry cultivar Tribute was subjected to two N fertilization rates (50 and 100 kg/ha), four K fertilization rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/ha), and three Mg fertilization rates (0, 25, and 50 kg/ha) through trickle irrigation. The N and K treatments had no significant influence on yield and fruit size. The Mg treatments increased fruit size and did not affect yield.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 Salinity on Cucumber Grown in a Closed Hydroponic System

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidanka Trajkova ◽  
Nicolas Papadantonakis ◽  
Dimitrios Savvas
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Nacl Salinity ◽  
Equivalent Basis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Experimental Treatments

The objective of this study was to discriminate among Na, Cl, and Ca salinity effects on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Cucumber plants grown in perlite were exposed for 134 days to low and moderate levels of salinity induced by the addition of either NaCl or CaCl2 at equal rates (on a chemical equivalent basis) to a standard nutrient solution for cucumber up to two target electrical conductivity (EC) levels (3.0 and 5.0 dS·m–1). The experimental treatments included also a control, which was irrigated with the standard nutrient solution without additional salt. The mean EC values in the drainage solution were 2.35, 3.94, 4.2, 6.31, and 6.35 dS·m–1 for the control, low NaCl, low CaCl2, high NaCl, and high CaCl2 treatments, respectively. The fresh and dry weights of stems and leaves were reduced only under conditions of high NaCl salinity, whereas root mass was not affected. Fruit yield decreased in proportion to the increase in NaCl salinity, while CaCl2 salinity reduced yield only at the high EC, to a level that corresponded to the low NaCl salinity. The suppression of yield with increasing salinity resulted mainly from a decrease in fruit size, while the number of fruit per plant was reduced to a lesser extent. These changes caused a reduction in the number of Class I fruit and an increase in nonmarketable produce. Both salinity sources enhanced the total soluble solids and the fruit chlorophyll concentration. NaCl salinity appreciably raised the concentrations of Na and Cl in young and old leaves, and suppressed the K concentration. CaCl2 salinity increased leaf Cl and Ca levels and diminished Mg and K. It is concluded that cucumber is more susceptible to NaCl salinity than to equal EC levels of CaCl2 salinity.

Response of `Spineless Beauty' Zucchini (Cucurbita sp.) to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 445d-445
Author(s):  
J. Pablo Morales-Payan
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
K Fertilization

Field trials were conducted in Nigua, San Cristobal, Dominican Republic, to determine the yield response of `Spineless Beauty' zucchini (Cucurbita sp.) to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) soil applications in a loamy clay soil containing 4.3% organic matter, 3 parts per million (ppm) of P, and 155 ppm of K. Zucchini was direct-seeded at a distance of 1 m between rows and 0.5 m within rows. Except for N, P, and K fertilization, the crop was grown according to recommended practices. A factorial design (4 × 4 × 4) with four replications was utilized. Rates of N, P, and K were 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg·ha–1, applied as a side dressing 7 days after zucchini emergence. Zucchini fruit harvest started 40 days after crop emergence and every other day thereafter during 20 days. Analysis of variance was performed on the resulting data. Results indicate that there were significant interactions of N, P, and K fertilizer rates on `Spineless Beauty' fruit yield; therefore, nutrient combinations were considered as individual treatments. Significantly superior (lsd 5%) fruit yield was obtained with 150, 150, and 50 kg·ha–1 N, P, and K, respectively.

Short- and long-term nutritional effects and retention of potassium derived from fertilizer in a sugar maple stand in southern Quebec

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-495
Author(s):  
Chloé McMillan ◽  
Benoît Côté ◽  
William H. Hendershot
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Maple Leaves ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Understory Plant ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
K Fertilization

The short-term (1–3 years) and long-term (23 years) effects of liming combined with potassium (K) fertilization on forest nutrition and K cycling were examined in a sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stand in southern Quebec. Sugar maple leaves were sampled annually from 1988 (prefertilization year) to 1991 and in 2011–2012. Ten understory plant species, sugar maple sapwood, and soils were also sampled in 2012 and analyzed for K, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and rubidium (Rb). The recovery of fertilizer K was determined using the Rb/K reverse tracer method. Fertilization neither increased growth nor maintained higher sugar maple leaf K levels over the long term; however, leaf K to Ca and K to Mg ratios were still higher in fertilized plots than in control plots in 2012. The percentage of leaf K derived from fertilizer peaked 3 years after fertilization (36% ± 5%) and was down to 1989 levels by 2012 (15% ± 6%). Understory vegetation generally showed no differences in leaf K concentration between treatments, but percent K from fertilizers was greater than 25% in several species. There was no significant effect of fertilization on soil K, Ca, and Mg availability by 2012. Our results suggest that significant amounts of fertilizer K are still present on the site after 23 years but that base cation levels in leaves and upper soil horizons have returned to near prefertilization levels except for a slight enrichment in K. Although small, the effects of fertilization with liming on soil fertility and plant nutrient status in a maple stand can be long lasting.

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Potassium Fertilization on Soil and Productivity in Intensive Olive Cultivation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnon Haberman ◽  
Arnon Dag ◽  
Nerya Shtern ◽  
Isaac Zipori ◽  
Ran Erel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
K Fertilization

The olive growing sector is transitioning from traditional to intensive irrigated cultivation, dictating a need to reconsider orchard management practices including fertilization. Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient, typically found in high concentrations in plants. Orchard K fertilization requirements are commonly derived from the disparity between assumed tree requirements and extractable soil K. The long-term impact of insufficient fertilization on K available in the soil, growth, and yield of irrigated field-grown olive trees was evaluated over six consecutive seasons. Withholding of K fertilization led to lower exchangeable and soluble K concentrations in the soil and significantly impaired yield. The reduction in yield was attributed to reduced flowering and fruit set, resulting in a lower fruit number. Tree vegetative growth and flowering quality traits were not affected. In addition, trees not receiving K appeared to be more susceptible to alternate bearing. Following two seasons of omitting K fertilization, leaf K concentration did not decrease below the conventionally accepted sufficiency threshold for olive (0.8%). In spite of this, the trees produced significantly lower yields. Our results suggest that long-term insufficient K fertilization results in reduced soil available K and consequently impairs tree productivity. The results imply that the sufficiency threshold for K in diagnostic leaves should be reconsidered for intensive orchards. Moreover, the current method for K deficiency detection using leaf K concentration may be inadequate for intensive orchards. Integration of other parameters, such as fruit K content, leaf Na, and changes in soil exchangeable K content or sorption energy, may promote a more reliable analysis of orchard K nutritional status.

scholarly journals Fruit size, mineral composition and quality of trickle-irrigated tomatoes as affected by potassium rates

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Cezar Rezende Fontes ◽  
Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio ◽  
Fernando Luiz Finger
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

An experiment was conducted to determine the fruit size, mineral composition and quality of trickle-irrigated tomatoes as affected by potassium fertilizer rates. Six potassium (K) rates were applied as KCl, corresponding to 0, 48.4, 118.6, 188.8, 259.0 and 399.4 kg ha-1, with four replicates, following a randomized block design. Quadratic responses to K rates were observed for double extra large (diameter > 60 mm), extra large (56 to 60 mm) and large (52 to 56 mm) fruit yields. Maximum yields of these classes were achieved with K rates of 116, 190 and 233 kg ha-1, respectively. Fruit dry matter, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium contents were not affected by K rates, but nitrate and K contents showed significant increments as K rates were increased. Vitamin C, total soluble solids, lycopene and beta-carotene contents in the fruits were not affected by K rates. Increments in the K rate lowered the fruit pH and increased total acids content.

Nitrogen induced potassium deficiency in white spruce (Piceaglauca) and Engelmann spruce (Piceaengelmannii) seedlings

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1445-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Van Den Driessche ◽  
D. Ponsford
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
N Source ◽  
Normal Green ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
K Fertilization

White spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) and Engelmann spruce (Piceaengelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) seedlings grown for 2 or more years in sandy loam nursery soils in British Columbia often show yellow and necrotic shoot-tip symptoms. Chemical analysis of a white spruce and a white × Engelmann hybrid spruce provenance showed that the symptoms were associated with low needle K concentrations. After nursery growth was complete, growth tests showed that seedlings with symptoms took longer to flush and had 43% less shoot extension than normal green seedlings. To see why K fertilizer alone did not always cure the symptoms, 1.5-year-old Engelmann spruce seedlings were transplanted and grown for a further 1.5 years in a 4 × 3 × 3 factorial experiment (K level × N source × N level). Nitrogen fertilization increased growth and symptom occurrence, with sources resulting in more symptoms in the order (NH4)2SO4 < NH4NO3 < Ca(NO3)2. Potassium fertilization decreased symptoms, although not completely, but had no effect on growth. Shoot-tip NH4+ was positively correlated with symptoms, while higher levels of soil and shoot-tip K, as well as soil and shoot-tip Mg, were associated with reduction in symptoms. It was concluded that heavy N fertilization created requirements for K, and probably Mg, above the tissue concentrations normally regarded as adequate, and that K fertilization did not always eliminate symptoms because of a Mg requirement.

Long-term effects of fertilizers on herbage production: II. Chemical composition

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Heddle ◽  
P. Crooks
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Maximum Removal

The effects of Nitro-chalk, superphosphate and potassium fertilizers on the chemical composition of grassland herbage and the removal of major plant nutrients have been traced over 14 years.Without fertilizer N, but with adequate K, clover supplied a yearly average of up to 87 lb Nsol;acre. With an annual application of 348 lb N and adequate K, 237 lb of N was recovered annually.Without applied P, herbage P concentration fell with time especially under heavy N treatment. When P was applied, herbage P concentration did not fall, irrespective of N treatment: K depressed P concentration irrespective of P application. Maximum removal of P occurred with annual applications of 348 lb N, 43 lb P and 280 lb K: at these rates gain and loss of P approximately balanced.Herbage K concentration was greatly increased by K fertilizer. It was reduced by N when no K was applied but applying K counteracted this effect. Removal of K slightly exceeded the 280 lb of K applied when 348 lb N was also applied.

scholarly journals The influence of long-term fertilization on species diversity and yield potential of permanent meadow stand

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
J. Mrkvička ◽  
M. Veselá
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Yield Table ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Long-term fertilization of meadow stands affects the species composition, yields, and general pratotechnics. Observations were realised on a plane meadow of a mesophyte character in 1976&ndash;2000 years. Four variants were observed in the experiments (N0, N0P40K100, N100P40K100, N200P40K100) in four replications. Species composition of grass stands was variable in the followed period in the leaf area from 66 to 95% of the dominance (Table 1). Total abundance of species with PK-fertilization was almost identical in individual pentads (24&ndash;28 species) as it is evident in Table 2. Table 3 proves the highest dominance was found at Dactylis glomerata L. in the first five years. Rhizomatous grasses had the highest leaf area with 38&ndash;55% of the dominance on variants with the higher N doses (200 kg N/ha) + PK (Table 4). Table 5 demonstrates that the variant without fertilization showed nearly stable abundance of species with the higher than 1% (11&ndash;13). Reduction of species number especially with the dominance higher than 1% (5&ndash;11) followed at the highest N-fertilization in comparison with the check variant. The mean yield of dry matter was 2.75 t/ha, the stand fertilized by 40 kg P + 100 kg K/ha gave 30.6% increased of yield (Table 7). The highest yields were recording in the second year of the N-fertilization (8.28 and 10.12 t/ha).

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