The nursing shortage: a worldwide problem

A worldwide shortage of nurses has been acknowledged by the multidisciplinary Global Advisory Group of the World Health Organization. The shortage is caused by an increased demand for nurses, while fewer people are choosing nursing as a profession and the current nurses worldwide are aging. The shortage applies to nurses in practice as well as the nurse faculty who teach students. The inter-country recruitment and migration of nurses from developing countries to developed countries exacerbates the problem. Although public opinion polls identifies the nurse as the person who makes the health care system work for them, the conditions of the work environment in which the nurse functions is unsatisfactory and must change. Numerous studies have shown the positive effects on the nurse of a healthy work environment and the positive relationships between nursing care and patient outcomes. It is important that government officials, insurance companies, and administrators and leaders of health care systems acknowledge and operationalize the value of nurses to the health care system in order to establish and maintain the integrity and viability of that system.

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THE WAY THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN UKRAINE LOOKS LIKE: INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES WITHIN NATIONAL REALITIES

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek201904135 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 685-691

Author(s):

Borys O. Lohvynenko ◽

Roman V. Myroniuk ◽

Olexander P. Svitlychnyy ◽

Aleksey Y. Prokopenko ◽

Lidija I. Kalenichenko

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care System ◽

National Health ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

World Health ◽

National Health Care ◽

National Health Care System ◽

Care Systems ◽

Health Organization ◽

Care System

Introduction: Nowadays there is the transformation of the national health care system in Ukraine, the ultimate goal of which is to create a modern, competitive model of medical care of citizens on the basis of forming packages of free medical services. However, the model adopted by Ukraine is in contradiction with national legislation in part of free medical aid guaranteed by the Art. 49 of the Constitution of Ukraine, and fragmentary considers positive international practices. The aim of the paper is to determine the mistakes of the reform of the Ukrainian health care system and to reveal the positive international practices of the organization of health care systems that can be implemented in Ukraine. Materials and methods: National and international legislation, official web resources of the executive authorities of Ukraine, statistics of the World Health Organization, materials of journalistic and scientific periodicals are the materials for the research of the health care system in Ukraine in comparison with international practices. Research methods are cross-sectoral, complex statistical, comparative, generalization, analysis and synthesis. In order to obtain the results, the authors have conducted a critical analysis of the current norms of the national Ukrainian legislation in the health care sector. Review: The authors of the article have studied the main disadvantages of the national health care system in accordance with the concept of reforming the medical sector. Positive international practices that can be implemented into Ukrainian system for the real improvement of medical human rights in Ukraine have been revealed. Conclusions: It has been proved that the ongoing reform of the health care system in Ukraine needs to be reviewed and optimized. It has been offered to consolidate a perspective model of the Ukrainian health care system, its principles and guarantees of immunity at the legislative level.

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Governance of health care systems in an ageing world – the case of Australia

Corporate Ownership and Control ◽

10.22495/cocv13i1c7p1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 729-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ewa Banasik

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care System ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Well Being ◽

World Health ◽

The Political ◽

Central Component ◽

Australian Health ◽

Care Systems ◽

Care System

The main argument of this paper is that because the burden of diseases increases with age, a greater numbers of older individuals will increase the demand for health care, and whether this demand will be met very much depends on how health care systems are governed. This task is particularly complex in jurisdictions with multi-layer governing systems such as the Australian health care system. Governance, described in terms of stewardship of the well-being of the population and as a central component for building effective health care systems, is increasingly considered to be very important for a well performing health care system (World Health Organization, 2000, 2007). Governance is, however, the least studied function in a health care system (Alliance 2009). Furthermore, the limited governance frameworks and assessments that have been developed thus far fail to include the political context in which health care systems operate (Baez-Camargo and Jacobs, 2011). This paper intends to fill this knowledge gap by exploring the political dynamics of the Australian health care system’s governance and its accountability. Furthering the discourse on governance is especially important in times when health care systems are confronted with the challenges of ageing populations

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Back to Europe: Back to Bismarck?

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.2190/g36u-bc5g-j71g-py00 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 777-802 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hans-Ulrich Deppe ◽

Stjepan Oreskovic

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care System ◽

Service Provision ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Insurance Companies ◽

Central State ◽

German Health Care System ◽

German Health ◽

Care Systems ◽

Care System

Since 1989 there have been enormous changes in all aspects of health policy, and the Former Socialist Economies (FSEs) are facing similar challenges. The general restructuring of politics and economies has resulted in two leading orientations in the transformation of health care systems: the separation of funding and service provision from the state, and the separation of funding and service provision from each other. Many FSEs have already passed legislation establishing a sickness insurance system under a single national funding institution, or a combination of compulsory and voluntary insurance, or a system involving private sector insurance companies in generating compulsory or voluntary health care funding. Due to the peculiarities and specific features of the German health care system, the uncritical intention to implement the “Bismarck model” in the FSEs faces several problems. These can be summarized in one main point: the relative stability of the German health care system, which may be attractive to the FSEs, is based on economic prosperity and on a strong ability to assert the will of the central state institutions; these preconditions are not present in the FSEs.

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Health Care Reform: Why Not Best Practices?

American Journal of Health Sciences (AJHS) ◽

10.19030/ajhs.v3i1.6758 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 97-114

Author(s):

Robert B. Matthews ◽

G. Keith Jenkins ◽

Joey Robertson

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Best Practices ◽

Health Care System ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

The United States ◽

World Health ◽

Single Payer ◽

Care Systems ◽

The Usa ◽

Care System

The passage of the Affordable Care Act (“ACA” or “Obamacare”) in 2010 promises to bring about significant changes in the way that health care is provided and paid for in the United States of America (USA). Supporters of ACA point to a 2000 WHO study of worldwide health care systems in which the USA ranked 37th as justification for proposed changes, and many of them have expressed a preference for ultimately implementing a single-payer or single-provider system (such as currently exists in Canada or the United Kingdom). Detractors, who generally label the act Obamacare, have expressed concerns about whether the act can achieve its stated objectives, whether it represents a negative step instead of a positive one, and whether the ultimate goal of a single-payer or single-provider system is desirable one or even an achievable one. In the context of the ongoing debate over health care in the USA, this paper reviews the WHO study and subsequent comparative analyses of world health care systems to address the following questions:Does the USA really have the 37th best health care system in the world?Does either a “single-payer” health care system or a “single-provider” health care system offer prospects for significant improvement?What model or models for delivery of health care services represent “best practices” and how can and should they be emulated?

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Overview of health care systems

Essential Dental Public Health ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0024 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Blánaid Daly ◽

Paul Batchelor ◽

Elizabeth Treasure ◽

Richard Watt

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care System ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Dental Service ◽

World Health ◽

Care Systems ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Uk ◽

Care System

The World Health Organization defines a health care system as: . . . all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health. This includes efforts to influence determinants of health as well as more direct health-improving activities. . . . . . . (WHO 2007) . . . Such a definition covers a myriad of potential elements and factors, of which the dental element is but one. A health care system is not static: it evolves as part of the more general social and welfare arrangements in a society. As a member of a health care profession, all dental care providers need to have an appreciation of the wider aspects of any arrangements of health, its determinants, and care delivery, if only to understand how the pressures on a system may impact on their current and future activities. This chapter provides an overview of health care systems and provides the framework for Chapters 18–23. Health care systems are complex organizations that are in a constant process of change and evolution. Dentistry is one very small component of the wider health care system, which is itself part of the overall social welfare system within society. Dentists, as health professionals, need to understand the basic elements of the health care system within which they are working. The development of health care systems is an ongoing process in which all societies try to meet the health needs of its citizens. There is no society that has yet designed a system that meets the needs of all its citizens. Indeed, historically in many countries it was only the wealthy that were able to access health care in a society. As societies evolved, the pressures to make the health care system accessible to all its members grew. Mays (1991) has highlighted the political importance of health care, showing that many health care systems reforms were designed to prevent political instability and improve the fitness of army recruits. Indeed, the development of the then School Dental Service in the UK was brought about following questions in Parliament about the poor state of soldiers’ teeth in the Boer War.

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Expansion of Health Networks as a Building Block of a Functioning Health Landscape

Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention ◽

10.22359/cswhi_12_3_04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

S. Wahl ◽

A. Czirfusz

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care System ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Service Providers ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Insurance Companies ◽

Patient Centered ◽

Health Networks ◽

Care Services ◽

Care System

A health network is made up of institutions and organizations, resources, and people whose main purpose is to promote and improve health. The health care system in Germany is self-administering and is managed by multiple institutions and stakeholders which entails different organizations involved in the running of the health care as well as the structure of the health care system. The health care system is composed of three main areas: 1) outpatient care services, 2) inpatient care, 3) rehabilitation institutions. Some of the organizations and institutions that are mandated to run the health system include associations and representatives of different professions and service providers, regulatory bodies, health insurance companies, the Federal Ministry of Health, self-help groups, and patient-centered organizations. The German health care system is made up of four main principles: 1) compulsory insurance, 2) the principle of solidarity, 3) financing through insurance premiums, 4) selfgovernance. The goal of health care networks is to improve the overall performance of the health care systems concerning: 1) economic efficiency, 2) quality of health care services, 3) medical innovation, 4) as well as patient satisfaction.

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All-Payer Rate Setting: A Framework for a More Efficient Health Care System

Policy Perspectives ◽

10.4079/pp.v24i0.17604 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Eric Flanagan

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care System ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Private Insurance ◽

The United States ◽

Insurance Companies ◽

Cost Shifting ◽

The Us ◽

Care System

The United States is unique among countries with health care systems that rely primarily on private insurance companies because there are generally no regulations that mandate a standard fee schedule for health care services. The prevalence of multiple private and public insurers is known as a multi-payer system. Other countries that have multiple payers set prices unilaterally, as is the case in Japan, or through negotiations between payers and providers, as is the case in Germany. The outcome is a uniform set of prices that applies to all payers within a single hospital. This framework is known as all-payer rate setting. This paper explains how all-payer rate setting regulation can mitigate several problems plaguing the US health care system. Examples include cost shifting, price discrimination, and provider market leverage. The paper then analyzes how these problems negatively affect the US health care system. Finally, the benefits of all-payer rate setting are explained, followed by the downsides (or tradeoffs) of such a system.

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Unmasking a health care system: the Dutch policy response to the Covid-19 crisis

Health Economics Policy and Law ◽

10.1017/s1744133121000128 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iris Wallenburg ◽

Jan-Kees Helderman ◽

Patrick Jeurissen ◽

Roland Bal

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Decision Making ◽

Health Care System ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Economic Policies ◽

Hard Time ◽

Dutch Health ◽

Care Systems ◽

Policy Systems ◽

Care System

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has put policy systems to the test. In this paper, we unmask the institutionalized resilience of the Dutch health care system to pandemic crisis. Building on logics of crisis decision-making and on the notion of ‘tact’, we reveal how the Dutch government initially succeeded in orchestrating collective action through aligning public health purposes and installing socio-economic policies to soften societal impact. However, when the crisis evolved into a more enduring one, a more contested policy arena emerged in which decision-makers had a hard time composing and defending a united decision-making strategy. Measures have become increasingly debated on all policy levels as well as among experts, and conflicts are widely covered in the Dutch media. With the 2021 elections ahead, this means an additional test of the resilience of the Dutch socio-political and health care systems.

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Health System in Poland

Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.7971 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 107-112

Author(s):

Daniel Ślęzak ◽

Przemysław Żuratyński ◽

Klaudiusz Nadolny ◽

Marlena Robakowska ◽

Alicja Kalis

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care System ◽

National Health ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

State Budget ◽

Right To Health Care ◽

Health Fund ◽

National Health Fund ◽

Care System

Health care systems face challenges related to the technological advances in medicine, demographic changes and limited opportunities for growth funding for health, necessitating greater involvement in the search for more efficient systems. The authors present the functioning of the Polish health care system based on social, historical outline of the healthcare system in Poland and the functioning of the National Health Fund (NFZ). Poland has undergone many reforms of the health care system, the Bismarck model, the model Siemaszko, and finally to a model of universal health insurance. So everyone has the same right to health care services financed by the NFZ or directly from the state budget (eg. The system of state emergency medical services). The National Health Fund allows anyone insured to free healthcare and reimbursement of medicines. Introduced information about information programs.

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