scholarly journals Sudden unexpected infant death syndrome in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 1803-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Cesar Peres
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Unexpected Infant Death ◽  
One Year

CONTEXT: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death in the first year of life in developed countries. Brazilian and Latin American literature lack studies on the subject, which is largely unknown among health workers. OBJECTIVE: To identify cases that could be classified as SIDS among children of less than one year of age submitted to autopsy at the Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos do Interior (SVOI), in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. A retrospective analysis of all autopsies from SVOI in this age group from January 1987 to December 1990 was done. RESULTS: There were 369 autopsies of which 344 (93.2%) deaths were expected and 25 (6.8%) unexpected. From the 25 unexpected cases 16 (64%) deaths could not be explained after autopsy and from these cases only 10 were eligible for the study because they had full organ sampling. There were 7 males and 3 females and the age at death ranged from 1 to 3 months (average: 1.7 months). Two were found dead, 3 died at home, 4 died on the way to hospital and 1 died while being fed. Autopsy diagnoses were aspiration (8 cases), SIDS (1 case) and undetermined (1 case). Aspiration was not confirmed by histology and the only findings were mild pulmonary edema, subcapsular petechiae and intraparenchymatous hemorrhage in thymus. CONCLUSION: That there were 10 cases of unexpected and unexplained deaths of children less than 1 year-old during the evaluated period with characteristics similar to SIDS which should therefore be classified as such.

scholarly journals Infant Safe Sleep Promotion: Increasing Capacity of Child Protective Services Employees

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4227
Author(s):  
Carolyn R. Ahlers-Schmidt ◽  
Christy Schunn ◽  
Ashley M. Hervey ◽  
Maria Torres ◽  
Cherie Sage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Death ◽  
Child Protective Services ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Safe Sleep ◽  
Train The Trainer ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Sleep-related infant deaths, including Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), are the number one cause of death in infants between 28 days and one year of life. Nearly half of families experiencing a sleep-related infant death in Kansas were involved with the Department of Children and Families Child Protective Services (CPS), making CPS staff a priority for safe sleep training. This study assessed the impact of the two-day Kansas Infant Death and SIDS (KIDS) Network Safe Sleep Instructor (SSI) train-the-trainer program on CPS staffs’ knowledge of the American Academy of Pediatrics safe sleep recommendations. Training was attended by 43 participants, 27 (63%) of whom were employed by CPS. CPS staff had significantly lower baseline knowledge on the 10-item pretest (t = 3.33, p = 0.002), but both CPS and other attendees showed significant improvement by posttest (t = 8.53, p < 0.001 and t = 4.44, p < 0.001, respectively). Following SSI certification, CPS SSIs provided more safe sleep training to professionals than other SSIs (1051 vs. 165, respectively), and both groups of SSIs were able to significantly increase the knowledge of their trainees. Overall, the KIDS Network SSI training was successful. The innovative partnership with CPS allowed for provision of training to a group not historically targeted for safe sleep education.

scholarly journals An Approach to the Classification of Apparent Asphyxial Infant Deaths

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan W. Matshes ◽  
Emma O. Lew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Death Certification ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Unexpected Infant Death

Recent evidence indicates that with thorough, high quality death investigations and autopsies, forensic pathologists have recognized that many unexpected infant deaths are, in fact, asphyxial in nature. With this recognition has come a commensurate decrease in, and in some cases, abolition of, the label “sudden infant death syndrome” (SIDS). Current controversies often pertain to how and why some infant deaths are determined to be asphyxial in nature and whether or not apparent asphyxial circumstances are risk factors for SIDS, or rather, harbingers of asphyxial deaths. In an effort to sidestep these controversies, some forensic pathologists elected to instead use the noncommittal label “sudden unexpected infant death” (SUID), leading to the unfortunate consequence of SUID – like SIDS – gaining notoriety as an actual disease that could be diagnosed, studied, and ultimately cured. Although it is not possible to provide death certification guidance for every conceivable type of unexpected infant death, we recognize and propose a simple classification system for overarching themes that cover the vast majority of cases where infants die suddenly and unexpectedly.

scholarly journals A Common 3′UTR Variant of the PHOX2B Gene Is Associated With Infant Life-Threatening and Sudden Death Events in the Italian Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Bachetti ◽  
Simona Bagnasco ◽  
Raffaele Piumelli ◽  
Antonella Palmieri ◽  
Isabella Ceccherini
Keyword(s):  
Infant Death ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Phox2b Gene ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Unexpected Infant Death ◽  
Hypoventilation Syndrome

Heterozygous mutations in the Paired like homeobox 2b (PHOX2B) gene are causative of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a rare monogenic disorder belonging to the family of neurocristopathies and due to a defective development of the autonomic nervous system. Most patients manifest sudden symptoms within 1 year of birth, mainly represented by central apnea and cyanosis episodes. The sudden appearance of hypoxic manifestations in CCHS and their occurrence during sleep resemble two other unexplained perinatal disorders, apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) and sudden and unexpected infant death (SUID), among which the vast majority is represented by sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Differently from CCHS, characterized by Mendelian autosomal dominant inheritance, ALTE and SIDS are complex traits, where common genetic variants, together with external factors, may exert an additive effect with symptoms likely manifesting only over a “threshold.” Given the similarities observed among the three abovementioned perinatal disorders, in this work, we have analyzed the frequency of PHOX2B common variants in two groups of Italian idiopathic ALTE (IALTE) and SUIDs/SIDS patients. Here, we report that the c*161G&gt;A (rs114290493) SNP of the 3′UTR PHOX2B (i) became overrepresented in the two sets of patients compared to population matched healthy controls, and (ii) associated with decreased PHOX2B gene expression, likely mediated by miR-204, a microRNA already known to bind the 3′UTR of the PHOX2B gene. Overall, these results suggest that, at least in the Italian population, the SNP c*161G&gt;A (rs114290493) does contribute, presumably in association with others mutations or polymorphisms, to confer susceptibility to sudden unexplained perinatal life-threatening or fatal disorders by increasing the effect of miR-204 in inducing PHOX2B expression down-regulation. However, these are preliminary observations that need to be confirmed on larger cohorts to achieve a clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Recommendations for the Autopsy of an Infant who has Died Suddenly and Unexpectedly

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Pinneri ◽  
Evan W. Matshes
Keyword(s):  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Death Scene ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
Unexpected Infant Death ◽  
Medical Examiners ◽  
Consultation Services

As the result of improved death scene investigations and the performance of more thorough and thoughtful pediatric forensic autopsies, there has been a widespread increase in the recognition of asphyxial mechanisms of death as well as lethal natural diseases that might have otherwise been erroneously labeled as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). Although it is fair to state that “more thorough autopsies provide more thorough medical evidence” from which to draw upon when determining cause and manner of death, there is no standard, accepted baseline from which forensic pathologists operate. Although anatomic pathologists are quite accustomed to practicing within well-defined boundaries for specimen (and thus diagnostic) adequacy, forensic pathologists are frequently hesitant to embrace or adopt such concepts. This has made it difficult to evaluate standards of practice in forensic pathology. Recommendations have been developed and published by the National Association of Medical Examiners for the postmortem assessment of suspected infant head trauma. However, significant variation exists in the way autopsies are performed on infants without trauma, such as the common scenario of an infant who has died suddenly and unexpectedly of asphyxial or apparent natural means. A wide variety of autopsy techniques and ancillary studies are available to forensic pathologists, but as survey data indicates, are not consistently used throughout the United States. This paper will discuss the different components of the pediatric autopsy and make recommendations for the best use of available tests and consultation services.

Sudden infant death syndrome/unexplained infant deaths in Sri Lanka

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Ravindra Fernando ◽  
Nilukshi Abeyasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Adult Supervision ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), also known as ‘unexplained deaths under one year’, is rarely reported in Sri Lanka as a cause of post-neonatal mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the opinion of paediatricians and pathologists regarding the reasons for this rarity. Members of the Colleges of Paediatricians, Pathologists and Forensic Pathologists who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the study population. A brief self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results were analysed using standard statistical methods. The sample consisted of 50 paediatricians, 15 histopathologists and seven forensic pathologists with a mean career span of 26.3 years. SIDS was reportedly diagnosed by only nine (12.5%) of the respondents while the other 63 (87.5%) have never encountered SIDS during their careers. Of the nine doctors, three (33.3%) based their diagnosis on autopsy findings but histological and toxicological studies had not been performed. The other six doctors (66.6%) relied on clinical history alone. Twenty-five doctors (34.7 %) believed that keeping babies under close adult supervision was the reason SIDS is so rare in Sri Lanka. Twenty paediatricians (40%) and four histopathologists (26.7%) agreed with this view while five forensic pathologists (71.4%), believed the reason was under-diagnosis. In conclusion, the majority of doctors believe the most likely reason for the rarity of SIDS in Sri Lanka is that babies are kept under close adult supervision, in comparison with developed countries. By contrast, most forensic pathologists are of the opinion that SIDS is under-diagnosed.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Subsequent Pregnancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-776
Author(s):  
Frederick Mandell ◽  
Lawrence C. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Replacement Child ◽  
One Year

In psychological conditions of mourning and guilt, women who have lost children often attempt to quickly conceive a "replacement" child. This study examines the subsequent pregnancies of 32 women whose children died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The expected rate of infertility in a normal population is 10%. Spontaneous abortion has an incidence of 12% to 15%. Among the 32 women attempting to conceive after the loss of their child, 10 (31%) had spontaneous abortions and 11 (34%) could not conceive after attempts for at least one year. This association betWeen psychological and biological phenomena require special recognition by physicians who are advising parents who have lost children to SIDS. The management of these families includes compassion, understanding, and regard for the psychological environment of the subsequent pregnancy.

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