scholarly journals Incidence of group A rotavirus in urban and rural areas of the city of Londrina-Brazil, from 1995 to 1997

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângelo Cesar Meneghetti ◽  
Andrea Maria Bolognini ◽  
Flávio Lauretti ◽  
Rosa Elisa Carvalho Linhares ◽  
Norma Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Group A ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The City

Rotaviruses are common pathogens and the causal agents of acute diarrhea among children and young animals. The involvement of rotavirus in human diarrheal disease among population of urban and rural areas of the city of Londrina, Parana was evaluated. Nine hundred and five fecal specimens from persons with diarrhea were studied, being 686 and 219 from urban and rural areas, respectively. Thirty-eight samples (4,2%) were positive for rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of viral RNA and latex agglutination test of which 36 were from urban and two from rural areas. Out of the positive specimens, 17 strains were further characterized by RT-PCR typing assay, resulting in 16 strains of G1 genotype while one sample was found to be a mixture of G1 and G3 genotypes.

scholarly journals Electropherotypes and G-Types of Group A Rotaviruses Detected in Children with Diarrhea in Lagos, Nigeria

ISRN Virology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christianah Idowu Ayolabi ◽  
David Ajiboye Ojo ◽  
George Enyimah Armah
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Health Care Centers ◽  
Virus Isolates

Approximately over 500,000 children die annually due to severe dehydrating diarrhea caused by rotaviruses. This work investigated rotavirus infection among children less than 5 years with diarrhea in Lagos and determined the circulating electropherotypes and genotypes of the virus isolates. Three hundred and two (n=302) stool samples from children below 60 months were collected from different hospitals and health care centers in Lagos and subjected to enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to determine the presence of Group A rotavirus, RT-PCR to determine the G-types, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to determine the electropherotypes. The results show that 60.3% of the samples showed distinct rotavirus RNA migration pattern, having long electropherotypes (55.3%) of seven variations dominating over the short electropherotypes (44.5%). Six different G-types were detected (G1, G2, G3, G4, G9, and G12). Serotypes G1 and G12 showed long electropherotypic pattern while G2, G3, and G9 exhibited either short or long electropherotype. All G4 detected show short electropherotypic pattern. In conclusion, information on the genomic diversity and RNA electropherotypes of rotaviruses detected in children with diarrhea in Lagos is reported in this study.

scholarly journals Rotavirus genotyping in gastroenteritis cases of an infantile population from Western Brazilian Amazonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sandra Moura Costa ◽  
Paulo Afonso Nogueira ◽  
Gleicienne Félix Magalhães ◽  
Paula Taquita ◽  
Luis André Mariúba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples

INTRODUCTION: During the period from 2000 to 2002, 79 rotavirus-positive stool samples were collected from children presenting diarrhea in the Western Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: Molecular characterization of the G and P genotypes was performed using RT-PCR and electropherotyping analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: A total of 59 samples were confirmed as group A rotavirus. A long electrophoretic profile was exhibited by the G1P[8], G3P[8], and G4P[8] genotypes. The G1P[8] genotype was found in greater proportion. The short electropherotype was exhibited only by G2 genotype strains. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of the rotavirus genotypes observed was not different from that in other areas of Brazil. This study is the first genotyping of rotavirus in the Western Brazilian Amazon.

scholarly journals Incidence and Molecular Characterization of Rotaviruses of Cattle and Buffalo Calves in Amravati Region, Maharashtra

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Ade ◽  
V.C. Ingle ◽  
P.A. Tembhurne ◽  
U.M. Tumlam ◽  
A.S. Kadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Rota Virus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Group A

Fecal samples of diarrheic and non diarrheic cattle calves (198) and buffalo calves (90) were collected during January 2018 to July 2018. Screening of fecal samples for the presence of rotavirus was carried out by commercially available rapid Rota virus Ag detection kits. A total of 35 out of 288 (12.15%) fecal samples were found positive by latex agglutination test. Highest incidence (20.63%)m was found in Yavatmal district followed by Amravati (16.00%), Akola (13.33%), Buldana (6.77%) and lowest (3.57%) in Washim. A higher incidence (14.50%) in cattle was observed as compared to buffalo ( 8.04%) calves of 0 to 6 months of age. Further higher incidence was noted in male and female both in cattle as compared to buffalo calves. 1 out of 35 fecal samples (2.85%) of cattle calves was found positive for bovine group A rotavirus. The positive sample when amplified for VP4 gene by RT-PCR yielded an amplicon of 864 bp base pair indicating the sensitivity of PCR for detection of bovine rota viruses.

scholarly journals Comparison of electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex agglutination for the detection of bovine rotavirus in faeces

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De Beer ◽  
I. Peenze ◽  
V.M. Da Costa Mendes ◽  
A.D. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A

The performance characteristics of 2 enzyme immunoassays (ELISAs) and 4 latex agglutination assays (LXs) were evaluated for the detection of bovine rotavirus in faecal specimens of young calves with diarrhoea. A total of 26 specimens from calves less than 5 months of age were examined with different commercial assays and compared with electron microscopy (EM) as the gold standard and with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for the detection of atypical, non-group A rotaviruses. In the 2nd study, EIA (Dako) and LX (Murex), the assays of choice, were used to analyse 97 further faecal specimens from calves with diarrhoea. The ELISAs proved to be the most sensitive compared with the other tests used. The EM and PAGE are 100 % specific although slightly less sensitive than the commercial assays. The results show that all the commercial assays can accurately detect rotavirus in the stools of calves with gastroenteritis, although the suitability and choice of assay will depend upon the requirements of individual laboratories.

scholarly journals Occupational Safety and Hygiene of Dentists from Urban and Rural Areas in Terms of Sharp Injuries: Wound Structure, Causes of Injuries and Barriers to Reporting—Cross-Sectional Study, Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Garus-Pakowska ◽  
Mariusz Górajski ◽  
Ewelina Gaszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

(1) Background: Frequent contact of the dentist with potentially infectious material (PIM) is undeniable. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and type of injuries, as well as to identify barriers to reporting and barriers to the implementation of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among dentists from urban and rural areas. (2) Methods: We surveyed 192 dentists using an anonymous questionnaire. (3) Results: During the 12 months preceding the survey, 63% of dentists from the village and 58.8% of dentists from the city suffered at least one superficial cut, and deep cuts 15.1% and 17.6% respectively. Contact with PIM through spitting on the conjunctiva was 58.9% and 52.1% (village vs. city). Needle stick injuries were 50.4% and fingers were affected in 48.8% cases. The causes of injuries were: inattention 54.7%, rush 27%, unpredictable behavior of the patient 19%, recapping 18.2%. Work in the countryside was associated with a 1.95-times greater chance of not reporting injuries. The distance from a hospital with antiretroviral treatment may be a barrier to the implementation of PEP. (4) Conclusion: The circumstances of the injuries and the reasons for not applying for antiretroviral treatment point to the areas of necessary dentist education in this topic.

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