scholarly journals Effect of harvest period on foliage production and dry matter distribution in five cassava cultivars during the second plant cycle

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvaldo Sagrilo ◽  
Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽  
Manoel Genildo Pequeno ◽  
Maria Celeste Gonçalves Vidigal ◽  
Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Cassava Plant

The objective of this work was to study the leaf production pattern and dry matter distribution in cassava during the second plant cycle. The completely randomized experimental design with four replications was used, with five cultivars in the main plots and ten harvest times in the sub-plots. Foliage production was affected by plant age, being higher in hot periods. Leaf blades and petioles dry matter content presented a linear increase due to a progressive decrease in the amount of young leaves and ontogenetic factors. The stems provided, temporarily, carbohydrates to the plant re-growth, delaying the availability and use of storage roots dry matter. The dry matter content in the storage roots was lower during the vegetative and higher during rest period. The storage roots diameter increased considerably when the amount of leaves was higher, indicating the importance of leaf area in the cassava plant production.

scholarly journals Physiological plasticity of main tree species of lowland hornbeamoak forest as a results of forest gap regeneration

2016 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Árpád Szalacsi ◽  
Gergely Király ◽  
Szilvia Veres
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Opening Process

Specific leaf area (SLA) of English oak (Quercus robur L.) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) as members of Querco robori-Carpinetum were investigated in two different habitat in terms of gap forest management: in the gap and in the inert forest. The artificial opening process of the forest resulted in more light for growing saplings and need for acclimatization. Photosynthesis is one of the most important ways for plant life and plant production basically influenced by altered light condition resulted in opening process. Efficient photosynthesis is important for plant life, plant production, but species-dependent plasticity of photosynthesis makes one species more tolerant, than others. The specific leaf area is acceptable parameters for characterising plant production, dry matter content and leaf structure. The dry matter content based on known leaf area is higher in oak both sun and shade leaves, than hornbeam. The different place of leaves in the canopy of trees did not influence the values of SLA.

scholarly journals Cassava shrunken-2 homolog MeAPL3 determines storage root starch and dry matter content and modulates storage root postharvest physiological deterioration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Beyene ◽  
Raj Deepika Chauhan ◽  
Jackson Gehan ◽  
Dimuth Siritunga ◽  
Nigel Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Postharvest Physiological Deterioration

Abstract Key message Among the five cassava isoforms (MeAPL1–MeAPL5), MeAPL3 is responsible for determining storage root starch content. Degree of storage root postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is directly correlated with starch content. Abstract AGPase is heterotetramer composed of two small and two large subunits each coded by small gene families in higher plants. Studies in cassava (Manihot esculenta) identified and characterized five isoforms of Manihot esculenta ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit (MeAPL1–MeAPL5) and employed virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) to show that MeAPL3 is the key isoform responsible for starch and dry matter accumulation in cassava storage roots. Silencing of MeAPL3 in cassava through stable transgenic lines resulted in plants displaying significant reduction in storage root starch and dry matter content (DMC) and induced a distinct phenotype associated with increased petiole/stem angle, resulting in a droopy leaf phenotype. Plants with reduced starch and DMC also displayed significantly reduced or no postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) compared to controls and lines with high DMC and starch content. This provides strong evidence for direct relationships between starch/dry matter content and its role in PPD and canopy architecture traits in cassava.

scholarly journals Effect of harvest period on the quality of storage roots and protein content of the leaves in five cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta, Crantz)

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvaldo Sagrilo ◽  
Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽  
Manoel Genildo Pequeno ◽  
Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽  
Maria Celeste Gonçalves Vidigal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Fresh Matter

The effect of harvest period on the quality of storage roots and leaves of cassava cultivars was determined in an experiment carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a split plot scheme, with five cultivars in the plots and ten harvest times in the subplots. The IAC 13 cultivar had the highest rate of dry matter accumulation in the storage roots and the Mico cultivar the lowest. The period of least dry matter content in the storage roots occurred later for the Fécula Branca, Mico and IAC 14 cultivars, and the minimum starch content in the storage roots occurred later for the Fécula Branca and Mico cultivars. In general, the IAC 13, IAC 14 and Fécula Branca cultivars had higher dry matter content in the storage roots, while higher starch content in the dry and fresh matter were obtained in the Fécula Branca cultivar. The crude protein content in the leaves decreased as the plant aged.

scholarly journals Sludge drying reed beds: full- and pilot-scale study for activated sludge treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Troesch ◽  
A. Liénard ◽  
P. Molle ◽  
G. Merlin ◽  
D. Esser
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Sludge Drying

Sludge drying reed beds have been used for dewatering and mineralization of sludge since the beginning of the 90s, but their insufficient performances in terms of Dry Matter [DM] content and mineralization of the sludge have made necessary new studies. Therefore, 8 pilots of 2 m2 each and a full-scale plant (13,000 p.e, 8 beds of 470 m2 in operation for 4 years) have been monitored to examine the influence of the sludge loading rate, the sludge quality and the loading frequency on the dewatering and mineralization efficiencies. Two filtration layers and two loading rhythms were tested on pilots which were fed at a loading rate of 25–30 kg DM m−2 yr−1 during the first year of operation (commissioning period). Hydraulic behaviour (infiltration rate, outflow), O2 and CO2 relative concentrations in the filtration media, redox potential, pollutants removal and dry matter content were assessed during all the study. The rheological quality of the extracted sludge from full scale beds was assessed and showed that its mechanical behaviour exceed those of sludge of comparable dry matter content, making its spreading easier. Therefore, this sludge could easily claim the status of solid and stabilized sludge according to the French regulation. Design and management recommendations (number of beds, loading rates, feeding/rest period) gained from the experiments results are suggested.

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDADE DE RAÍZES DA MANDIOQUINHA-SALSA EM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE ADUBAÇÃO NPK

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
Adalton Mazetti Fernandes ◽  
Emerson Loli Garcia ◽  
Magali Leonel ◽  
Lydia Helena da Silva de Oliveira Mota
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Root Size ◽  
Npk Fertilization

The storage roots of arracacha have high nutritional value, being rich in carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins A and C, and starch of high digestibility. However, in this crop one of the decisive factors for the production of roots with higher nutritional value is the balanced fertilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and nutritional quality of storage roots of arracacha, grown at increasing levels of NPK fertilization. The experiment was conducted in the randomized blocks design, with eight replications. The treatments consisted of three NPK levels (AD0 = unfertilized cultivation, AD1 = cultivation with 50% of recommended fertilization, and AD2 = cultivation with 100% ofrecommended fertilization). It was observedthat higher levels of NPK fertilization increase the number, size and marketable yield of storage roots of arracachacrop. NPK fertilization also increases the size and contentsof K, Mg, and Mn of storage roots, without interfering with the pulp pH and contentsof protein, Ca, Cu, and Fe. However, when the increase in root size is not accompanied by an increase in dry matter content, the starch, P, and Zn contents of the roots reduce with increasing levels of NPK fertilization.

scholarly journals A model of dry matter distribution in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz).

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.W.J. Boerboom
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Tuber Production

Results of an experiment in Trinidad were analysed and data obtained from literature were recalculated to determine which factors control the DM distribution in the cassava plant. Under given conditions for long periods, possibly for the storage life of cassava, the distribution of DM over tubers and shoot proved to be constant. Based on this finding, a model was developed and 2 parameters were introduced: ESRP, efficiency of the plant at producing tubers; ISS, initial plant wt. at which tuber production starts. The model was used to visualize genetic differences and the effect of environmental conditions on DM distribution. The relation between harvest index and ESRP was discussed. It is recommended that ESRP is used instead of harvest index as a selection trait. Selection material on ESRP can be screened rather early in the growth cycle as tuber wt. is linearly related to plant wt. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Provitamin A biofortification of cassava enhances shelf life but reduces dry matter content of storage roots due to altered carbon partitioning into starch

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1186-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Beyene ◽  
Felix R. Solomon ◽  
Raj D. Chauhan ◽  
Eliana Gaitán-Solis ◽  
Narayanan Narayanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Roots

scholarly journals Wound healing and dry matter content of orange-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars as influenced by curing methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Atuna ◽  
Edward E. Carey ◽  
Jan W. Low ◽  
Francis K. Amagloh
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Curing Methods ◽  
Curing Method

AbstractCuring in sweetpotato is a crucial pre- or postharvest practice that could guarantee improved shelf life,but rarely practised by sweetpotato farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa, principally due to lack of knowledge. Wound healing ability of cultivars has been associated with good root storability. In this study, two orange fleshed sweetpotato cultivars (Apomuden and Nane) were either cured in-ground by dehaulming prior to harvest or field-piled over a seven-day period to study their responses to wound healing and changes in dry matter content. Apomuden is a low dry matter content(19%) variety in Ghana while Nane is a high dry matter content (27%) farmer cultivar under evaluation for formal release. A potato peeler was used to deliberately create the wounds on 21 storage roots. The curing treatment was applied and the subsequent post-treatment quality status of the storage roots was monitored daily over a seven-day period. Wound healing ability was scored as follows: 0 = no lignification, 0.5 = patchy lignification and1= complete lignification. Wound healing ability score was not significantly different for Apomuden and Nane (0.83,0.78, respectively; p = 0.120). However, storage roots curedby field-piled curing method resulted in significantly better wound healing ability than dehaulming (0.86, 0.75,respectively, p = 0.001). Over the seven-day curing period,Nane had a significantly higher and stable dry mattercontent compared with Apomuden (p = 0.008), whose dry matter content was lower and fluctuating. The field-piled curing resulted in higher (p = 0.020) dry matter content,24%, compared with in-ground curing (22%). The field piled curing method, which can easily be adopted by sweetpotato farmers, increased the dry matter content of the storage roots; therefore, it could potentially reduce the post-harvest losses in sweetpotato. The high dry matter content of Nane is a desirable root quality attribute for orange-fleshed cultivars and could augment existing cultivars in Ghana.

scholarly journals Enhancing cassava reproductive development does not negatively impact shoot to root ratio and dry matter content in storage roots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwasanya Deborah ◽  
Setter Tim
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
And Storage

AbstractFrom previous studies we developed treatments that significantly improved cassava female flower and fruit development, using a combination of the anti-ethylene, silver thiosulfate (STS), and the cytokinin, benzyladenine (BA); collectively referred to as plant growth regulators (PGR). In this study, we investigated whether the benefit derived from this treatment altered partitioning of photosynthate to other sinks and general vegetative growth of cassava in the first six months of plants growth, when reproductive growth initiates and peaks. Our flower enhancing treatment did not significantly alter shoot and storage root fresh weight, partitioning index on a fresh weight basis and percent dry matter content of storage roots between Months 2 and 5. With the onset of the dry season in Month 6, PGR treated plants had higher shoot and storage root fresh weight than controls but these plant parts responded proportionally and so partitioning index between controls and treated plants was not significantly different. The nighttime starch export under PGR treatments was reduced at Months 2, 4 and 5 but this was not correlated with flower development at these months. The survival of PGR treated plants until harvest was however reduced owing to increased mortality arising from phytotoxicity and increased susceptibility to disease. We therefore conclude that PGRs have effects more directly on flower and fruit reproductive signaling and regulatory pathways rather than on an indirect effect on resource partitioning.

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