scholarly journals Effect of fluoridated varnish and silver diamine fluoride solution on enamel demineralization: pH-cycling study

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽  
Maurício Bergamaschi ◽  
Kikue Takebayashi Sassaki ◽  
Robson Frederico Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Fluoride Solution ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Percentage Loss ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Mineral Loss ◽  
Silver Fluoride

OBJECTIVE: In the present investigation, the anticariogenic effect of fluoride released by two products commonly applied in infants was evaluated. METHODS: Bovine sound enamel blocks were randomly allocated to each one of the treatment groups: control (C), varnish (V) and diamine silver fluoride solution (D). The blocks were submitted to pH cycles in an oven at 37ºC. Next, surface and cross-sectional microhardness were assessed to calculate the percentage loss of surface microhardness (%SML) and the mineral loss (deltaZ). The fluoride present in enamel was also determined. RESULTS: F/Px10-3 (ANOVA, p<0.05) in the 1st layer of enamel before pH-cycling were (C, V and D): 1.61ª; 21.59b and 3.98c. The %SMH (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05) were: -64.0ª, -45.2b and -53.1c. %deltaZ values (ANOVA, p<0.05) were: -18.7ª, -7.7b and -17.3ª. CONCLUSION: The data suggested that the fluoride released by varnish showed greater interaction with sound enamel and provided less mineral loss when compared with silver diamine solution.

scholarly journals Anticaries potential of a fluoride mouthrinse evaluated in vitro by validated protocols

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Pedroso Moi ◽  
Lívia Maria Andaló Tenuta ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury
Keyword(s):  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antibacterial Substance ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Ph Cycling

This blind and randomized study tested in vitro, using validated protocols, the anticaries potential of an experimental fluoride mouthrinse. One-hundred enamel slabs, half sound and half with caries-like lesions (carious), all with known surface microhardness (SMH), were submitted to 3 treatment groups: A) a placebo mouthrinse (negative control); B) a positive control mouthrinse containing 0.05% NaF; and C) an experimental formulation containing 0.05% NaF and cetylpyridinium chloride as an antibacterial substance. To evaluate the formation of F products on enamel, sound (n=10) and carious (n=10) slabs were treated with the formulations during 10 min and loosely and firmly-bound F formed in enamel were determined after extraction with alkali and acid, respectively. To evaluate the inhibition of enamel demineralization, sound enamel slabs (n=10) were treated with the mouthrinse formulations 2x/day during 1 min and subjected to a pH-cycling regimen simulating a cariogenic challenge (demineralization). To evaluate enamel remineralization, the carious slabs (n=10) were submitted to the treatments 3x/day and subjected to a pH-cycling model simulating a remineralizing condition. After 8 days, enamel SMH was determined again and the percentage of SMH loss or SMH recovery was calculated for the sound and carious slabs, respectively. The experimental formulation was superior to the negative control (p<0.05) and equivalent to the positive control (p>0.05) in the formation of F products in enamel, and in the inhibition of enamel demineralization and enhancement of remineralization. These data suggest that the tested experimental fluoride mouthrinse has anticaries potential.

scholarly journals A modified pH-cycling model to evaluate fluoride effect on enamel demineralization

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosane Maria Orth Argenta ◽  
Cinthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Dose Response Effect ◽  
Mineral Loss

Since in vitro pH-cycling models are widely used to study dental caries, they should allow evaluations of fluoride effect on early stages of caries development. Therefore, acid etching on enamel surface must be avoided, enabling surface microhardness (SMH) analysis. In the present study, the pH-cycling model originally described by Featherstone et al.9 (1986) was modified to preserve the enamel surface and to produce early carious lesions that could be evaluated using SMH and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) measurements. In order to validate this modified model, a dose-response evaluation with fluoride was made. Human enamel blocks with known SMH were submitted to such regimen with the following treatments: distilled deionized water (DDW; control) and solutions containing 70, 140 and 280 ppm F. Data from %SMH change and deltaZ (mineral loss) showed a statistically significant negative correlation between F concentration in treatment solutions and mineral loss. In conclusion, the modified pH-cycling model allowed the evaluation of changes on the outermost enamel layer during caries development, and a dose-response effect of fluoride reducing enamel demineralization was observed.

scholarly journals Effect of Fluoride Concentration on Reduction of Enamel Demineralization According to the Cariogenic Challenge

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara dos Santos Noronha ◽  
Dayse Andrade Romão ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury ◽  
Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Ph Cycling

Abstract Fluoride present in toothpaste at 1,100 µg/g is considered effective on caries control. However, under high cariogenic challenge due to increasing sugar exposure, higher fluoride concentration (5,000 µg/g) could be necessary to compensate the unbalance on caries process. This was tested in a pH-cycling regimen, which evaluated the effect of fluoride concentration relative to toothpaste on reduction of enamel demineralization under conditions of two levels of cariogenic challenge. Enamel slabs (n=20) were subjected to two pH-cycling regimens, simulating 8x and 16x/day sugar exposure and were treated with solutions containing: 0 (no fluoride), 275 or 1,250 µg F/mL, resulting in 6 treatment groups: 4-h/0-F; 8-h/0-F; 4-h/275-F; 8-h/275-F; 4-h/1,250-F and 8-h/1,250-F. The 275 and 1,250 µg F/mL concentrations simulate mouth salivary dilution when 1,100 and 5,000 µg/g toothpastes are used. Enamel demineralization was assessed by surface (%SHL) and cross-sectional hardness. Fluoride taken up by enamel was also evaluated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA one-way and Tukey's test. The treatment with 1,250 µg F/mL significantly reduced %SHL compared with 275 µg F/mL (p<0.05), irrespective the level of cariogenic challenge (4-h/1,250-F vs. 4-h/275-F and 8-h/1,250-F vs 8-h/275-F comparisons, respectively). These data were supported by fluoride concentration found in enamel. These findings suggest that higher fluoride concentrations could partly compensate the greater caries risk under higher cariogenic challenge due to increasing sugar exposure.

Effect of Whole Saliva Components on Enamel Demineralization In Vitro

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D.B. Featherstone ◽  
J.M. Behrman ◽  
J.E. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Basic Proteins ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Mineral Loss

The aim of the present study was to use an in vitro enamel demineralization model (1) to confirm that whole saliva pretreatment conferred acid resistance to dental enamel and (2) to determine whether this phenomenon was attributable to specific salivary proteins, minerals, lipids, or some combination of these. Crowns of human teeth, each with one exposed window, were prepared in groups of ten. They were each pretreated by immersion individually in 4 ml of either (1) clarified whole saliva for 18, 72, or 168 h, (2) dialyzed saliva (3500 MWCO membrane), (3) the "flow-through" fraction from a DEAE separation of whole saliva (neutral and basic proteins), (4) the "eluted" fraction of a DEAE separation of whole saliva (anionic proteins), or (5) a combination of salivary lipids and the DEAE "flow-through" fraction of whole saliva (neutral and basic proteins). Control groups were group 6 with no pretreatment, group 7 pretreated for 168 h in a borate buffer (5 mmol/1), and group 8 pretreated in a mineral solution containing calcium (0.7 mmol/1) and phosphate (2.6 mmol/1). The crowns were then demineralized for 7 d in vitro (0.1 mol/1 acetate, 1 mmol/l Ca and phosphate, pH 5.0) to produce artificial caries-like lesions. Lesions were assessed by cross-sectional microhardness profiles, and mineral loss (AZ, μm x vol% mineral) calculated. Mineral loss (AZ) values decreased linearly with the square root of time of pretreatment by whole saliva, confirming a time-dependent protective effect of salivary pellicle against demineralization of enamel. Pretreatments (168 h) by whole saliva (group 1), dialyzed saliva (group 2), and lipid/'flow through" proteins (group 5) gave equivalent protection (approximately 55%). However, no protection was provided by DEAE-separated protein fractions (no lipid present) or by the mineral alone. The protection of surface enamel against demineralization appears to be given by a combination of specifically adsorbed salivary lipids and proteins.

In situ Mineral Loss Inhibition by CO2 Laser and Fluoride

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.K.A. Rodrigues ◽  
M. Nobre dos Santos ◽  
J.D.B. Featherstone
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Fluoride Dentifrice ◽  
Mineral Loss

Laser and fluoride treatments have been shown to inhibit enamel demineralization in the laboratory. However, the intra-oral effects of this association have not been tested. This study assessed in situ the effect of a Transversely Excited Atmospheric CO2 laser (λ = 9.6 μm) and the use of pressure fluoridated dentifrice on enamel demineralization. During two 14-day phases, 17 volunteers wore palatal appliances containing human enamel slabs assigned to treatment groups, as follows: (1) non-fluoride dentifrice, (2) CO2 laser irradiation plus non-fluoride dentifrice, (3) fluoride dentifrice, and (4) CO2 laser irradiation plus fluoride dentifrice. A 20% sucrose solution was dripped onto the slabs 8 times per day. The specimens treated with laser and/or fluoridated dentifrice presented a significantly lower mineral loss when compared with those from the non-fluoride dentifrice group. The results suggested that CO2 laser treatment of enamel inhibits demineralization in the human mouth, being more effective when associated with fluoride.

scholarly journals Effect of starch on the cariogenic potential of sucrose

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia C. C. Ribeiro ◽  
Cínthia P. M. Tabchoury ◽  
Altair A. Del Bel Cury ◽  
Livia M. A. Tenuta ◽  
Pedro L. Rosalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Mineral Loss

Sincein vitroand animal studies suggest that the combination of starch with sucrose may be more cariogenic than sucrose alone, the study assessedin situthe effects of this association appliedin vitroon the acidogenicity, biochemical and microbiological composition of dental biofilm, as well as on enamel demineralization. During two phases of 14 d each, fifteen volunteers wore palatal appliances containing blocks of human deciduous enamel, which were extra-orally submitted to four groups of treatments: water (negative control, T1); 2 % starch (T2); 10 % sucrose (T3); and 2 % starch+10 % sucrose (T4). The solutions were dripped onto the blocks eight times per day. The biofilm formed on the blocks was analysed with regard to amylase activity, acidogenicity, and biochemical and microbiological composition. Demineralization was determined on enamel by cross-sectional microhardness. The greatest mineral loss was observed for the association starch+sucrose (P<0·05). Also, this association resulted in the highest lactobacillus count in the biofilm formed (P<0·05). In conclusion, the findings suggest that a small amount of added starch increases the cariogenic potential of sucrose.

scholarly journals Anticaries Potential of Low Fluoride Dentifrices Found in The Brazilian Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Cássia Ortiz ◽  
Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta ◽  
Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Ph Cycling

Abstract Low-fluoride (F) dentifrices (<600 µg F/g) are widely available worldwide, but evidence to recommend the use of such dentifrices, with either regular or improved formulations, is still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anticaries potential of low-F dentifrices found in the Brazilian market, using a validated and tested pH-cycling model. Enamel blocks were selected by surface hardness (SH) and randomized into four treatment groups (n=12): non-F dentifrice (negative control), low-F dentifrice (500 μg F/g), low-F acidulated dentifrice (550 μg F/g) and 1,100 μg F/g dentifrice (positive control). The blocks were subjected to pH-cycling regimen for 8 days and were treated 2x/day with dentifrice slurries prepared in water (1:3, w/v). The pH of the slurries was checked, and only the acidulated one had low pH. After the pH cycling, SH was again determined and the percentage of surface hardness loss was calculated as indicator of demineralization. Loosely- and firmly-bound F concentrations in enamel were also determined. The 1,100 μg F/g dentifrice was more effective than the low-F ones to reduce enamel demineralization and was the only one that differed from the non-F (p<0.05). All F dentifrices formed higher concentration of loosely-bound F on enamel than the non-F (p<0.05), but the 1,100 μg F/g was the only one that differed from the non-F in the ability to form firmly-bound F. The findings suggest that the low-F dentifrices available in the Brazilian market, irrespective of their formulation, do not have anticaries potential.

scholarly journals In VitroEffects of Two Topical Varnish Materials and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Enamel Demineralization around Orthodontic Brackets

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feyza Ulkur ◽  
Elif Sungurtekin Ekçi ◽  
Didem Nalbantgil ◽  
Nuket Sandalli
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Group 1

The aim of thisin vitrowas to evaluate the effects of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) containing varnish materials and Er:YAG laser irradiation on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Forty extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into four treatment groups (i.e., 10 in each group): (1) 5% NaF-ACP varnish, (2) 5% NaF-TCP varnish, (3) Er:YAG laser, and (4) control (no treatment). Er:YAG laser was operated at a wavelength of 2.94 μm and the energy output was 80 mJ per pulse; a pulse duration of 200 μsec and and a frequency of 2 Hz were used with water cooling. All samples were then put into pH cycles. Surface microhardness values and representative SEM images were assessed. Surface microhardness values were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-WhitneyUtests. The results revealed that demineralization was significantly lower in the TCP and ACP varnish groups, whereas mean surface microhardness values of the TCP varnish were found higher than the ACP(P<0.05). TCP and ACP varnish materials were found effective for reducing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Use of Er:YAG laser irradiation as described in this study for inhibition of demineralization was found not satisfactory.

scholarly journals Influence of storage solution on enamel demineralization submitted to pH cycling

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Silva Moura ◽  
Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues ◽  
Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury ◽  
Emilena Maria Castor Xisto Lima ◽  
Renata Matheus Cunha Rodrigues Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Volume Versus ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Storage Solution

Extracted human teeth are frequently used for research or educational purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to store them in disinfectant solutions that do not alter dental structures. Thus, this study evaluated the influence of storage solution on enamel demineralization. For that purpose, sixty samples were divided into the following groups: enamel stored in formaldehyde (F1), stored in thymol (T1), stored in formaldehyde and submitted to pH cycling (F2), stored in thymol and submitted to pH cycling (T2). All samples were evaluated by cross-sectional microhardness analysis and had their percentage of mineral volume versus micrometer (integrated area) determined. Differences between groups were found up to 30-µm depth from the enamel surface (p < 0.05), where samples from group T2 were more demineralized. It was concluded that the storage solution influenced the reaction of a dental substrate to a cariogenic challenge, suggesting that formaldehyde may increase enamel resistance to demineralization, when compared to demineralization occurring in enamel stored in thymol solution.

scholarly journals pH-cycling models to evaluate the effect of low fluoride dentifrice on enamel de- and remineralization

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso Silva Queiroz ◽  
Anderson Takeo Hara ◽  
Adriana Franco Paes Leme ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Response Effect ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Fluoride Dentifrice ◽  
Dose Response Effect ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Mineral Loss

Since the currently available pH-cycling models do not differentiate the anti-caries potential of dentifrices with low fluoride (F) concentration, two models were developed and tested in the present. Bovine enamel blocks were subjected to the models and treated with F solutions containing from 70 to 280 mug F/mL in order to validate them in terms of dose-response effect. The models were also tested by evaluating the dentifrices Colgate Baby (500 mug F/g, as a low fluoride dentifrice), Tandy (1,100 mug F/g, as an active F-dentifrice) and Crest (1,100 mug F/g, as positive control). Enamel mineral loss or gain was assessed by surface and cross-sectional microhardness, and lesion depth was analyzed by polarized light microscopy. The pH-cycling models showed F dose-response effect either reducing enamel demineralization or enhancing remineralization. The low F dentifrice presented anti-caries potential, but it was not equivalent to the dentifrices containing 1,100 mug F/g. These data suggest that the models developed in this study were able to evaluate the anti-caries potential of low F dentifrice either on resistance to demineralization or on enhancement of remineralization.

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