Anticaries Potential of Low Fluoride Dentifrices Found in The Brazilian Market

Abstract Low-fluoride (F) dentifrices (<600 µg F/g) are widely available worldwide, but evidence to recommend the use of such dentifrices, with either regular or improved formulations, is still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anticaries potential of low-F dentifrices found in the Brazilian market, using a validated and tested pH-cycling model. Enamel blocks were selected by surface hardness (SH) and randomized into four treatment groups (n=12): non-F dentifrice (negative control), low-F dentifrice (500 μg F/g), low-F acidulated dentifrice (550 μg F/g) and 1,100 μg F/g dentifrice (positive control). The blocks were subjected to pH-cycling regimen for 8 days and were treated 2x/day with dentifrice slurries prepared in water (1:3, w/v). The pH of the slurries was checked, and only the acidulated one had low pH. After the pH cycling, SH was again determined and the percentage of surface hardness loss was calculated as indicator of demineralization. Loosely- and firmly-bound F concentrations in enamel were also determined. The 1,100 μg F/g dentifrice was more effective than the low-F ones to reduce enamel demineralization and was the only one that differed from the non-F (p<0.05). All F dentifrices formed higher concentration of loosely-bound F on enamel than the non-F (p<0.05), but the 1,100 μg F/g was the only one that differed from the non-F in the ability to form firmly-bound F. The findings suggest that the low-F dentifrices available in the Brazilian market, irrespective of their formulation, do not have anticaries potential.

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Effect of low fluoride acidic dentifrices on dental remineralization

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201301995 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti ◽

Eliana Mitsue Takeshita ◽

Camila de Oliveira Sant'ana ◽

Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf ◽

Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem

Keyword(s):

Surface Hardness ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Ph Cycling

This study evaluated the capacity of fluoride acidic dentifrices (pH 4.5) to promote enamel remineralization using a pH cycling model, comparing them with a standard dentifrice (1,100 µgF/g). Enamel blocks had their surface polished and surface hardness determined (SH). Next, they were submitted to subsurface enamel demineralization and to post-demineralization surface hardness analysis. The blocks were divided into 6 experimental groups (n=10): placebo (without F, pH 4.5, negative control), 275, 412, 550, 1,100 µgF/g and a standard dentifrice (positive control). The blocks were submitted to pH cycling for 6 days and treatment with dentifrice slurries twice a day. After pH cycling, surface and cross-sectional hardness were assessed to obtain the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR) and the integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN). The results showed that %SHR was similar among acidic dentifrices with 412, 550, 1,100 µgF/g and to the positive control (Tukey's test; p>0.05). For ΔKHN, the acidic dentifrice with 550 µg F/g showed a better performance when compared with the positive control. It can be concluded that acidic dentifrice 550 µgF/g had similar remineralization capacity to that of positive control.

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Anticaries potential of a fluoride mouthrinse evaluated in vitro by validated protocols

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402008000200001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 91-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Gisele Pedroso Moi ◽

Lívia Maria Andaló Tenuta ◽

Jaime Aparecido Cury

Keyword(s):

Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Antibacterial Substance ◽

Surface Microhardness ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Ph Cycling

This blind and randomized study tested in vitro, using validated protocols, the anticaries potential of an experimental fluoride mouthrinse. One-hundred enamel slabs, half sound and half with caries-like lesions (carious), all with known surface microhardness (SMH), were submitted to 3 treatment groups: A) a placebo mouthrinse (negative control); B) a positive control mouthrinse containing 0.05% NaF; and C) an experimental formulation containing 0.05% NaF and cetylpyridinium chloride as an antibacterial substance. To evaluate the formation of F products on enamel, sound (n=10) and carious (n=10) slabs were treated with the formulations during 10 min and loosely and firmly-bound F formed in enamel were determined after extraction with alkali and acid, respectively. To evaluate the inhibition of enamel demineralization, sound enamel slabs (n=10) were treated with the mouthrinse formulations 2x/day during 1 min and subjected to a pH-cycling regimen simulating a cariogenic challenge (demineralization). To evaluate enamel remineralization, the carious slabs (n=10) were submitted to the treatments 3x/day and subjected to a pH-cycling model simulating a remineralizing condition. After 8 days, enamel SMH was determined again and the percentage of SMH loss or SMH recovery was calculated for the sound and carious slabs, respectively. The experimental formulation was superior to the negative control (p<0.05) and equivalent to the positive control (p>0.05) in the formation of F products in enamel, and in the inhibition of enamel demineralization and enhancement of remineralization. These data suggest that the tested experimental fluoride mouthrinse has anticaries potential.

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Cariogenic Potential of Human and Bovine Milk on Enamel Demineralization

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000516090 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Antonio P. Ricomini Filho ◽

Ana Camila M. de Assis ◽

Bárbara E. Costa Oliveira ◽

Jaime A. Cury

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Human Saliva ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Biofilm Model ◽

Bovine Enamel

The higher cariogenicity of human milk when compared with bovine milk is still a debatable subject. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of human or bovine milk exposure on biofilm composition and enamel demineralization using a validated cariogenic biofilm model. Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms (n = 8) were grown on human saliva-coated bovine enamel slabs of known surface hardness. The biofilms were exposed 8×/day to 0.9% NaCl (negative control), human milk, bovine milk, 7.0% lactose (active human milk control), 4.5% lactose (active bovine milk control), or 10% sucrose (positive control). The culture medium was changed twice daily, and the pH was analyzed as an indicator of biofilm acidogenicity. After 120 h of growth, biofilms were harvested to evaluate viable cells, and soluble and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). Enamel demineralization was assessed by the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey’s test (α = 5%). In terms of %SHL, negative control (7.7 ± 3.1), human milk control (13.3 ± 7.5), bovine milk control (15.3 ± 8.2), human milk (7.5 ± 5.0), and bovine milk (8.7 ± 6.3) did not differ among them (p > 0.05) but differed (p < 0.05) from sucrose (55.1 ± 5.4). The findings of enamel demineralization (%SHL) were statistically supported by the data of biofilm acidogenicity, bacterial counts and EPS biofilm composition. This experimental study suggests that human and bovine milk have low cariogenic potential to provoke caries lesions in enamel.

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Synergistic Inhibition of Enamel Demineralization by Peptide 8DSS and Fluoride

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000442896 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 32-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yang Yang ◽

Xueping Lv ◽

Wenyuan Shi ◽

Xuedong Zhou ◽

Jiyao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mineral Content ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Fluoride Uptake ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Demineralized Enamel ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Mineral Loss

The biomimetic peptide 8DSS has shown beneficial effects in promoting remineralization of demineralized enamel in vitro. Here we examined the ability of 8DSS alone and in combination with fluoride to inhibit enamel demineralization during pH-cycling mimicking intraoral conditions. Enamel blocks were subjected to 9 days of pH-cycling in the presence of 1,000 ppm NaF (positive control), distilled-deionized water (DDW; negative control), 25 μM 8DSS alone, 25 μM 8DSS with 500 ppm NaF (8DSS-FL) or 25 μM 8DSS with 1,000 ppm NaF (8DSS-FH) twice daily for 1 min each time. The blocks were analyzed in terms of surface microhardness (SMH), fluoride uptake and mineral content. The 8DSS-treated blocks showed significantly lower mineral loss, shallower lesions and higher SMH than the DDW-treated blocks. No significant differences were observed between the blocks treated with 8DSS alone or fluoride alone. The blocks treated with 8DSS alone or DDW showed similar amounts of fluoride uptake, which was the lowest of all the treatment groups. The blocks treated with 8DSS-FL or 8DSS-FH did not differ significantly, and both groups showed significantly greater SMH and fluoride uptake as well as significantly lower mineral loss and shallower lesions than the NaF-treated blocks. Mineral content was significantly higher in the 8DSS-treated blocks than in the DDW-treated blocks from the surface layer (10 µm) to the lesion depth (110 µm), and it was significantly higher in the blocks treated with 8DSS-FL or 8DSS-FH than in the NaF-treated blocks from 10 to 90 µm. These findings illustrate the potential of 8DSS for inhibiting enamel demineralization and for enhancing the anticaries effect of NaF.

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Efficacy of S-PRG filler containing varnishes on enamel demineralization prevention

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76127-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manuela da Silva Spinola ◽

Sabrina Elise Moecke ◽

Natália Rivoli Rossi ◽

Toshiyuki Nakatsuka ◽

Alessandra Bühler Borges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Knoop Microhardness ◽

Bovine Enamel ◽

Demineralization Prevention ◽

Unprotected Area ◽

One Way Anova

Abstract This study evaluated the efficacy of S-PRG vanishes on preventing enamel demineralization. Bovine enamel specimens were obtained, polished and the baseline Knoop microhardness was evaluated. Specimens were stratified into six groups (n = 15), according to the varnish applied: S10—experimental varnish containing 10% of S-PRG fillers, S20—20% of S-PRG fillers, S30—30% of S-PRG fillers; S40—40% of S-PRG fillers; PC (positive control)—5% of NaF; NC (negative control)—no treatment was performed. Half of enamel surfaces were protected to work as a control and varnishes were applied over the unprotected area. A demineralizing pH-cycling was performed, and surface and cross-sectional microhardness were measured. The percentage of microhardness of the treated area was calculated comparing with the untreated area. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p = 5%). All experimental S-PRG varnishes protected against demineralization in relation to no treatment, but S40 was the most effective on the surface. For all depths, S30 and S40 were superior in enamel demineralization prevention than other S-PRG filler concentrations and 5% NaF. It was concluded that S-RPG filler containing varnishes were effective to prevent enamel demineralization. The higher concentrated products were more effective than 5% sodium fluoride on surface demineralization prevention.

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The Potential of a Bioactive, Pre-reacted, Glass-Ionomer Filler Resin Composite to Inhibit the Demineralization of Enamel in Vitro

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/19-151-l ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. E11-E20

Author(s):

IF Leão ◽

N Araújo ◽

CK Scotti ◽

RFL Mondelli ◽

MM de Amoêdo Campos Velo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resin Composite ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Material Interface ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Group B

Clinical Relevance A prereacted, glass-ionomer filler fluoride-containing resin composite had lower remineralization potential than glass-ionomer cements but was able to inhibit enamel demineralization; thus, it may be an option for restoring dental surfaces for patients at high risk of caries. SUMMARY Evidence is lacking on the use of surface prereacted glass-ionomer filler resin composites to inhibit demineralization and that simulate real clinical conditions. The present laboratory study evaluated the potential of such composites to prevent demineralization and quantified fluoride (F) and other ions released from restorative materials after a dynamic pH-cycling regimen applied to the tooth material interface in vitro. The pH-cycling regimen was assessed by measuring surface hardness (SH) along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Methods and Materials: Ninety blocks of bovine enamel were subjected to composition analysis with EDX, and were further categorized based on SH. The blocks were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups (n=15 each): F IX (Fuji IX Extra; GC Corporation); IZ (Ion Z, FGM); F II (Fuji II LC, GC Corporation); B II (Beautifil II, Shofu); F250 (Filtek Z250 XT, 3M ESPE); and NT (control, no treatment). The blocks were subjected to a dynamic pH-cycling regimen at 37°C for 7 days concurrently with daily alternations of immersion in demineralizing/remineralizing solutions. EDX was conducted and a final SH was determined at standard distances from the restorative materials (150, 300, and 400 μm). Results: The EDX findings revealed a significant increase in F concentration and a decrease in Ca2+ in the enamel blocks of group B II after the pH-cycling regimen (p<0.05). SH values for groups F IX, IZ, and F II were greater than those for groups B II, F250, and NT at all distances from the materials. Conclusions: The results suggest that each of 3 restorative materials, F IX, IZ, and F II, partially inhibited enamel demineralization under a dynamic pH-cycling regimen.

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UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus) DENGAN INDUKSI NYERI ASAM ASETAT

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v2i2.59 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Triswanto Sentat ◽

Susiyanto Pangestu

Keyword(s):

Analgesic Effect ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Analgesic Dose ◽

Muntingia Calabura

Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains tannins, flavonoids and polyphenol compounds allegedly have analgesic effect. The objective was to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves and to determine the most effective analgesic dose. This study was an experimental research. Leaves were extracted with ethanol 70% and the analgesic effect test was divided into 5 groups: negative control treatment (distilled water), positive control (mefenamic acid 2.6mg/kg), kersen leaf ethanol extract first dose (100mg/kg), second dose (200mg/kg) and tthird dose (400mg/kg). Giving treatments by oral, after 30 minutes, the mices were given a pain inductor with 0.5% acetic acid by intra peritonial administration. Analgesic power was calculated by counting the number of writhing in mice for 1 hour. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cherry leaf has analgesic effect. From the calculation of the first dose analgesic power (42.9%), second dose (59.4%) and the third dose 69.9%. Statistical test results kruskal wallis value of p=0.011 (p<0.05) showed a significant difference between all analgesic treatment groups. The conclusion of this study is all of the ethanol extract had analgesic effects on male white mice, whereas a dose of 400mg/kg is the most effective analgesic dose.

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RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKEN TO INOVO ADMINISTRATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ROSEMARY OIL(ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS)

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v52i4.1397 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 896-903

Author(s):

Sulaiman & Tayeb

Keyword(s):

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

In Ovo ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Rosemary Oil ◽

In Ovo Injection ◽

Hatching Eggs ◽

Positive Effect

This study was conducted to determine the percentage of hatchability, post-hatch growth performance, immune response of broiler subjected to in- ovo injection of different doses of rosemary oil. A total of 300 eggs of ross broiler strain were obtained.The experiment distributed into five treatment groups: T1, Negative Control T2, positive control (in ovo injection of 0.05 ml distilled water) T3, in ovo injection of 0.05ml of rosemary oil; T4, in ovo injection of 0.075 ml of rosemary oil; T5, in ovo injection of 0.1 ml of rosemary oil.Highest hatchability percentage was shown in 0.1ml rosemary oil -injected hatching eggs. The final weight of birds from 0.075 and 0.1 ml of rosemary oil-injected eggs was significantly (P < 0.05) highest through the experiment. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were improved with in ovo administration of rosemary oil at 0.075 and 0.1 ml doses. In addition, the level of blood cholesterol and blood glucose were decreased (p<0.05) in birds from rosemary oil-injected eggs. The obtained data showed a positive effect of in-ovo injection of rosemary oil on stimulating bird's immunity.

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Galla chinensis Compounds Remineralize Enamel Caries Lesions in a Rat Model

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000445036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 159-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tie-Ting Zhang ◽

Hui-Jing Guo ◽

Xue-Jun Liu ◽

Jin-Pu Chu ◽

Xue-Dong Zhou

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Enamel Caries ◽

Caries Lesions

Objectives: To investigate the effect of Galla chinensis chemical compounds on enamel caries remineralization in rats. Methods: A total of 40 rats were inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 and fed a cariogenic diet (Keyes 2000). The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated topically twice a day with each of the following extracts (or control) for 5 weeks: distilled and deionized water (DDW, negative control); 1,000 ppm NaF (positive control); 4,000 ppm G. chinensis crude aqueous extract (GCE), or 4,000 ppm gallic acid (GA). After the experimental period, Keyes' caries diagnosis and scoring technique was applied as a preliminary evaluation on the molar teeth. For more accurate remineralization data, the residual enamel volume of the first molar and the mineral density (MD) of the enamel were further analyzed by micro-CT. Results: The severity of molar enamel caries decreased in the following order of treatment groups: DDW > GA > GCE > NaF (p < 0.05). In addition, the residual first molar enamel volume and MD values increased in the order of DDW, GA, GCE and NaF treatment groups (p < 0.05). In most molars, remineralization layers were observed on the surface of lesions. Conclusion:G. chinensis compounds remineralize enamel caries lesions in a rat model.

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Effect of fluoridated varnish and silver diamine fluoride solution on enamel demineralization: pH-cycling study

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572006000200005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 88-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽

Maurício Bergamaschi ◽

Kikue Takebayashi Sassaki ◽

Robson Frederico Cunha

Keyword(s):

Surface Microhardness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Fluoride Solution ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Percentage Loss ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Mineral Loss ◽

Silver Fluoride

OBJECTIVE: In the present investigation, the anticariogenic effect of fluoride released by two products commonly applied in infants was evaluated. METHODS: Bovine sound enamel blocks were randomly allocated to each one of the treatment groups: control (C), varnish (V) and diamine silver fluoride solution (D). The blocks were submitted to pH cycles in an oven at 37ºC. Next, surface and cross-sectional microhardness were assessed to calculate the percentage loss of surface microhardness (%SML) and the mineral loss (deltaZ). The fluoride present in enamel was also determined. RESULTS: F/Px10-3 (ANOVA, p<0.05) in the 1st layer of enamel before pH-cycling were (C, V and D): 1.61ª; 21.59b and 3.98c. The %SMH (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05) were: -64.0ª, -45.2b and -53.1c. %deltaZ values (ANOVA, p<0.05) were: -18.7ª, -7.7b and -17.3ª. CONCLUSION: The data suggested that the fluoride released by varnish showed greater interaction with sound enamel and provided less mineral loss when compared with silver diamine solution.

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