scholarly journals Anticaries potential of a fluoride mouthrinse evaluated in vitro by validated protocols

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Pedroso Moi ◽  
Lívia Maria Andaló Tenuta ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury
Keyword(s):  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antibacterial Substance ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Ph Cycling

This blind and randomized study tested in vitro, using validated protocols, the anticaries potential of an experimental fluoride mouthrinse. One-hundred enamel slabs, half sound and half with caries-like lesions (carious), all with known surface microhardness (SMH), were submitted to 3 treatment groups: A) a placebo mouthrinse (negative control); B) a positive control mouthrinse containing 0.05% NaF; and C) an experimental formulation containing 0.05% NaF and cetylpyridinium chloride as an antibacterial substance. To evaluate the formation of F products on enamel, sound (n=10) and carious (n=10) slabs were treated with the formulations during 10 min and loosely and firmly-bound F formed in enamel were determined after extraction with alkali and acid, respectively. To evaluate the inhibition of enamel demineralization, sound enamel slabs (n=10) were treated with the mouthrinse formulations 2x/day during 1 min and subjected to a pH-cycling regimen simulating a cariogenic challenge (demineralization). To evaluate enamel remineralization, the carious slabs (n=10) were submitted to the treatments 3x/day and subjected to a pH-cycling model simulating a remineralizing condition. After 8 days, enamel SMH was determined again and the percentage of SMH loss or SMH recovery was calculated for the sound and carious slabs, respectively. The experimental formulation was superior to the negative control (p<0.05) and equivalent to the positive control (p>0.05) in the formation of F products in enamel, and in the inhibition of enamel demineralization and enhancement of remineralization. These data suggest that the tested experimental fluoride mouthrinse has anticaries potential.

scholarly journals Anticaries Potential of Low Fluoride Dentifrices Found in The Brazilian Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Cássia Ortiz ◽  
Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta ◽  
Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Ph Cycling

Abstract Low-fluoride (F) dentifrices (<600 µg F/g) are widely available worldwide, but evidence to recommend the use of such dentifrices, with either regular or improved formulations, is still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anticaries potential of low-F dentifrices found in the Brazilian market, using a validated and tested pH-cycling model. Enamel blocks were selected by surface hardness (SH) and randomized into four treatment groups (n=12): non-F dentifrice (negative control), low-F dentifrice (500 μg F/g), low-F acidulated dentifrice (550 μg F/g) and 1,100 μg F/g dentifrice (positive control). The blocks were subjected to pH-cycling regimen for 8 days and were treated 2x/day with dentifrice slurries prepared in water (1:3, w/v). The pH of the slurries was checked, and only the acidulated one had low pH. After the pH cycling, SH was again determined and the percentage of surface hardness loss was calculated as indicator of demineralization. Loosely- and firmly-bound F concentrations in enamel were also determined. The 1,100 μg F/g dentifrice was more effective than the low-F ones to reduce enamel demineralization and was the only one that differed from the non-F (p<0.05). All F dentifrices formed higher concentration of loosely-bound F on enamel than the non-F (p<0.05), but the 1,100 μg F/g was the only one that differed from the non-F in the ability to form firmly-bound F. The findings suggest that the low-F dentifrices available in the Brazilian market, irrespective of their formulation, do not have anticaries potential.

Synergistic Inhibition of Enamel Demineralization by Peptide 8DSS and Fluoride

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Xueping Lv ◽  
Wenyuan Shi ◽  
Xuedong Zhou ◽  
Jiyao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fluoride Uptake ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Mineral Loss

The biomimetic peptide 8DSS has shown beneficial effects in promoting remineralization of demineralized enamel in vitro. Here we examined the ability of 8DSS alone and in combination with fluoride to inhibit enamel demineralization during pH-cycling mimicking intraoral conditions. Enamel blocks were subjected to 9 days of pH-cycling in the presence of 1,000 ppm NaF (positive control), distilled-deionized water (DDW; negative control), 25 μM 8DSS alone, 25 μM 8DSS with 500 ppm NaF (8DSS-FL) or 25 μM 8DSS with 1,000 ppm NaF (8DSS-FH) twice daily for 1 min each time. The blocks were analyzed in terms of surface microhardness (SMH), fluoride uptake and mineral content. The 8DSS-treated blocks showed significantly lower mineral loss, shallower lesions and higher SMH than the DDW-treated blocks. No significant differences were observed between the blocks treated with 8DSS alone or fluoride alone. The blocks treated with 8DSS alone or DDW showed similar amounts of fluoride uptake, which was the lowest of all the treatment groups. The blocks treated with 8DSS-FL or 8DSS-FH did not differ significantly, and both groups showed significantly greater SMH and fluoride uptake as well as significantly lower mineral loss and shallower lesions than the NaF-treated blocks. Mineral content was significantly higher in the 8DSS-treated blocks than in the DDW-treated blocks from the surface layer (10 µm) to the lesion depth (110 µm), and it was significantly higher in the blocks treated with 8DSS-FL or 8DSS-FH than in the NaF-treated blocks from 10 to 90 µm. These findings illustrate the potential of 8DSS for inhibiting enamel demineralization and for enhancing the anticaries effect of NaF.

scholarly journals Effect of fluoridated varnish and silver diamine fluoride solution on enamel demineralization: pH-cycling study

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽  
Maurício Bergamaschi ◽  
Kikue Takebayashi Sassaki ◽  
Robson Frederico Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Fluoride Solution ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Percentage Loss ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Mineral Loss ◽  
Silver Fluoride

OBJECTIVE: In the present investigation, the anticariogenic effect of fluoride released by two products commonly applied in infants was evaluated. METHODS: Bovine sound enamel blocks were randomly allocated to each one of the treatment groups: control (C), varnish (V) and diamine silver fluoride solution (D). The blocks were submitted to pH cycles in an oven at 37ºC. Next, surface and cross-sectional microhardness were assessed to calculate the percentage loss of surface microhardness (%SML) and the mineral loss (deltaZ). The fluoride present in enamel was also determined. RESULTS: F/Px10-3 (ANOVA, p<0.05) in the 1st layer of enamel before pH-cycling were (C, V and D): 1.61ª; 21.59b and 3.98c. The %SMH (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05) were: -64.0ª, -45.2b and -53.1c. %deltaZ values (ANOVA, p<0.05) were: -18.7ª, -7.7b and -17.3ª. CONCLUSION: The data suggested that the fluoride released by varnish showed greater interaction with sound enamel and provided less mineral loss when compared with silver diamine solution.

scholarly journals In VitroEffects of Two Topical Varnish Materials and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Enamel Demineralization around Orthodontic Brackets

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feyza Ulkur ◽  
Elif Sungurtekin Ekçi ◽  
Didem Nalbantgil ◽  
Nuket Sandalli
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Group 1

The aim of thisin vitrowas to evaluate the effects of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) containing varnish materials and Er:YAG laser irradiation on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Forty extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into four treatment groups (i.e., 10 in each group): (1) 5% NaF-ACP varnish, (2) 5% NaF-TCP varnish, (3) Er:YAG laser, and (4) control (no treatment). Er:YAG laser was operated at a wavelength of 2.94 μm and the energy output was 80 mJ per pulse; a pulse duration of 200 μsec and and a frequency of 2 Hz were used with water cooling. All samples were then put into pH cycles. Surface microhardness values and representative SEM images were assessed. Surface microhardness values were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-WhitneyUtests. The results revealed that demineralization was significantly lower in the TCP and ACP varnish groups, whereas mean surface microhardness values of the TCP varnish were found higher than the ACP(P<0.05). TCP and ACP varnish materials were found effective for reducing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Use of Er:YAG laser irradiation as described in this study for inhibition of demineralization was found not satisfactory.

scholarly journals Effect of Basil Leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) Infusion as Hepatoprotective Agent Induced by Paracetamol

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Yuliani ◽  
Jefrin Sambara ◽  
Maria Hilaria ◽  
Harlinda Harlinda
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Infusion ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Test Result

Indonesia has  biodiversity potential to be developed as medicinal plants, such as basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.). Basil was reported to have a very high antioxidant activity in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) infusion to liver based Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) value in each dose. 18 rats were divided into 6 groups.,  control group,  negative control group treated with CMC Na 0.5%,  positive control group treated with Curcuma 3.6 mg / 200gBB, groups of 4-6 consecutive given a 80 mg  dose infusion basil / 200 gBB, 160 mg / 200 gBB, 320 mg / 200 gBB for 8 consecutive days, on the day of the 4th and 8th all treatment groups induced by toxic doses of paracetamol (500 mg / 200 gBB) except the normal control group 1, The research data in the form of enzyme activity of AST and ALT were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric ANOVA, and Friedman test with the level of trust  then followed by SNK test and Bnj test. The statistical test result with a 95% of level of trust that shown basil infuse with a dose of 80mg / 200gBB, 160mg / 200gBB, 320mg / 200gBB have hepatoprotective effects in rats induced by paracetamol 500mg / 200gBB. Based on the result of changes in average levels of AST on the fourth day and the eighth day of the three treatment infusion, infusion at a dose of 160 mg / 200gBB most effectively reduce average levels of AST and a group that has the average AST closest to the control group is positive, but infusion at a dose of 320mg / 200gBB the group that has the closest average ALT positive control group.Keywords : hepatoprotective, Ocimum sanctum L, Paracetamol

scholarly journals Effect of low fluoride acidic dentifrices on dental remineralization

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti ◽  
Eliana Mitsue Takeshita ◽  
Camila de Oliveira Sant'ana ◽  
Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf ◽  
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Ph Cycling

This study evaluated the capacity of fluoride acidic dentifrices (pH 4.5) to promote enamel remineralization using a pH cycling model, comparing them with a standard dentifrice (1,100 µgF/g). Enamel blocks had their surface polished and surface hardness determined (SH). Next, they were submitted to subsurface enamel demineralization and to post-demineralization surface hardness analysis. The blocks were divided into 6 experimental groups (n=10): placebo (without F, pH 4.5, negative control), 275, 412, 550, 1,100 µgF/g and a standard dentifrice (positive control). The blocks were submitted to pH cycling for 6 days and treatment with dentifrice slurries twice a day. After pH cycling, surface and cross-sectional hardness were assessed to obtain the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR) and the integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN). The results showed that %SHR was similar among acidic dentifrices with 412, 550, 1,100 µgF/g and to the positive control (Tukey's test; p>0.05). For ΔKHN, the acidic dentifrice with 550 µg F/g showed a better performance when compared with the positive control. It can be concluded that acidic dentifrice 550 µgF/g had similar remineralization capacity to that of positive control.

scholarly journals Daya Vermisidal Ekstrak Lima Jenis Etnofarmakologi terhadap Cacing Haemonchus contortus Secara In-vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
I Gusti Komang Oka Wirawan ◽  
Kurniasih Kurniasih ◽  
Joko Prastowo ◽  
Wisnu Nurcahyo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Several Variables

       Research aimed to identify the most effective concentration of five extract types (EKBMCP, EKPAS, EDMSP, EBJCP, dan EDMCO) as vermicidal anthelmintic against          H. contortus in-vitro. Research was consisted of seven groups, among them five groups were considered as treatment groups that named based on the extract type (EKBMCP, EKPAS, EDMSP, EBJCP, dan EDMCO). Each treatment group was consisted five subgroups of etnopharmacological concentration : 0,5%, 1,5%, 2,5%, 3,5% dari 0,2 g/mL. Other two group were regarded as a negative control by distilled water treatment, and a positive control by pyrantel pamoat 5%. Every single treatment group was quadruplet and exposure each concentration were performed in quadruplet with variation in exposure times i.e. : 1, 3,             5, and 7 hours. The research focused on several variables that were the percentage of live and dead H. contortus in the treatment groups, extract concentration, and treatment period by using selected etnopharmacological extract. The effective vermicidal anthelmentic concentration of each treatment was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that five etnopharmacological extract types that were EKBMCP, EKPAS, EDMSP, EBJCP, dan EDMCO had a potency as vermicidal anthelmentic. Among those treatment, EKPAS and EBJCP had the lowest concentration (2,5%) to produce optimum vermicidal effect (100%) with period five hours exposure. Other treatment groups with EKBMCP and EDMSP needed 3,5% concentration with exposure period seven hours to produce optimum vermicidal effect, respectively. Another treatment group with EDMCO needed 3,5% concentration with exposure time seven hours to produce optimum vermicidal effect. 

scholarly journals Analysis of the Antimicrobial Efficacy, In Vitro, of Oral Antiseptics on Fungi and Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mateus José Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Action ◽  
Control Methodology

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the action, in vitro, of hydrogen peroxide in the concentrations of 1%, 1.5% and 3%, of cetylpyridinium chloride, of benzalkonium chloride of 1.3% and of chlorhexidine 0.12% associated with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide over standardized strains of microorganisms Enterococcus faecalis; Staphylococcus aureus; Candida albicans and Escherichia coli, aspiring to determine which is the best product. Chlorhexidine 0.12% was used as a positive control and sterile distilled water as a negative control. Methodology: Standardized suspensions of the microorganisms were prepared, poured and spread over the culture media. Sterile 4 mm paper discs were placed on the seeded agar and soaked with 15 microliters (uL) of each of the antiseptics. The plates were incubated in a bacteriological oven at 37º Celsius for 48 hours. The results were obtained through the growth inhibition halo. Results: The antiseptic that obtained the greatest antimicrobial action was the association of hydrogen peroxide at 1.5% with chlorhexidine at 0.12%, followed by benzalkonium chloride 1.3%. Hydrogen peroxide at 1% did not show any antimicrobial activity. Conclusions: The 0.12% chlorhexidine associated with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide demonstrated the best antimicrobial action, indicating a possible synergistic action between the products, increasing the efficiency when compared to the isolated use of each active ingredient. Benzalkonium chloride 1.3%, also showed an effective antimicrobial action, indicating that these products or combinations have a great potential to be used as an active ingredient in mouthwashes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Dentifrice Compositions for Increasing the Hardness of Demineralized Enamel: An in Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Cabral Oliveira ◽  
Marcia Regina Cabral Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Henrique Cabral Oliveira ◽  
Ravana Angelini Sfalcin ◽  
Marcelo Mendes Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Knoop Indenter

This study aimed to evaluate microhardness of a dentifrice containing fluoride and arginine compared to a positive control (fluoride only) and a negative control (no fluoride) on sound and demineralized bovine enamel surfaces. Specimens were randomly assigned to different treatments that included daily pH cycling and brushing three times a day with one of the following dentifrices (n = 8): Neutraçucar (arginine and fluoride), Colgate Total 12 (fluoride) and My First Colgate (no fluoride). Enamel carious lesions were artificially created one week before the beginning of these treatments (demineralized bovine enamel (DE) groups). The same groups were also tested in sound enamel (sound bovine enamel (SE) groups). Microhardness was measured at baseline and after one, two, and five weeks of treatment using a Knoop indenter. Statistical analysis involved two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. After five weeks, both Total 12 and Neutraçucar had increased the microhardness of DE specimens (p < 0.05). Only Neutraçucar had increased the microhardness of the sound enamel after five weeks of treatment. Thus, it could be concluded that arginine-based dentifrices increase the microhardness of sound and demineralized bovine enamel surfaces.

scholarly journals Efficacy of 0.05% Chlorhexidine and 0.05% Cetylpyridinium Chloride Mouthwash to Eliminate Living Bacteria on In Situ Collected Biofilms: An In Vitro Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Kathrin Becker ◽  
Giulia Brunello ◽  
Luisa Scotti ◽  
Dieter Drescher ◽  
Gordon John
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Viability Assay

Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes are frequently used as an adjunctive measure for the treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, as well as in patients on maintenance therapy. However, their prolonged use is associated with several side effects. This study aimed at evaluating if a mouthwash with a reduced concentration of CHX combined with cetylpyridnium chloride (CPC) was as effective as a conventional CHX mouthwash in the reduction in living cells in oral biofilms attached to hydroxyapatite (HA) and micro-rough titanium (Ti) surfaces. Four healthy volunteers wore a customized acrylic appliance containing HA and Ti discs for in situ plaque accumulation. Biofilms were grown on the discs for 24 or 48 h and then randomly exposed for 60 s to: 0.05% CHX + 0.05% CPC, 0.1% CHX (positive control) or sterile saline (negative control). Viability assay and live-dead staining were performed to quantify bacterial viability and to distinguish live and dead cells, respectively. At both time points, contrary to saline, CHX, both alone and in combination with CPC, exhibited high antibacterial properties and induced a significant reduction in biofilm viability. This study demonstrates the potential of mouthwashes containing a low concentration of CHX combined with CPC as effective antibacterial agents for long-term applications with reduced undesired side effects.

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