scholarly journals Fluoridation of the public water supply and prevalence of dental fluorosis in a peripheral district of the municipality of Bauru, SP

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ramires ◽  
Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio ◽  
Andréa Gutierrez Maria ◽  
Juliano Pelim Pessan ◽  
Vanessa Eid Silva Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Prior Authorization ◽  
The Public ◽  
Electrode Method ◽  
Sensitive Electrode

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess the fluoride concentration in the public water supply and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in schoolchildren between 7 and 15 years old, living in a peripheral district of the municipality of Bauru. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this, fifty two water samples were collected on three different days of one week. These samples were analyzed for fluoride by means of the ion-sensitive electrode method (Orion 9609) coupled to a potentiometer (Procyon, model 720). In this method, 1.0 mL of TISAB II (Orion) was added to 1.0 mL of the sample. For the epidemiological survey of fluorosis, 52 schoolchildren of both genders, aged between 7 and 15 were assessed, with prior authorization from their caretakers. Only one person examined the children, after supervised toothbrushing and drying with cotton wool rolls. The TF index was used. RESULTS: The fluoride concentrations in the water samples ranged from 0.62 to 1.20 mg/L, with a mean of 0.9 mg/L. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 33%, with severity ranging from TF1 to TF4 (Kappa of 0.73 and concordance of 83.33%). CONCLUSIONS: The results from the analysis of water samples indicated a fluoride concentration greater than recommended for Bauru. The fluorosis levels found were higher than expected for a peripheral district, in which water is one of the few sources of fluoride.

scholarly journals Fluoride concentration in water at the area supplied by the Water Treatment Station of Bauru, SP

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Simonetti Lodi ◽  
Irene Ramires ◽  
Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf ◽  
José Roberto de Magalhães Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
The Public ◽  
Water Treatment Station ◽  
Sensitive Electrode

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the fluoride concentration in the public water supply at the area supplied by the Water Treatment Station of Bauru and classify the samples as acceptable or unacceptable according to the fluoride concentration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: samples were collected from 30 areas at two periods, October 2002 and March 2003. The fluoride concentration in the samples was determined in duplicate, using an ion sensitive electrode (Orion 9609) connected to a potentiometer (Procyon, model 720). Samples with fluoride concentration ranging from 0.55 to 0.84 mg F/L were considered acceptable, and those whose concentration was outside this range as unacceptable. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS: the fluoride concentration of the water samples varied between 0.31 and 2.01 mg F/L. Nearly 56% of the samples were classified as acceptable. CONCLUSION: the variations in fluoride concentration at the area supplied by the Water Treatment Station reinforce the need of constant monitoring for maintenance of adequate fluoride levels in the public water supply.

scholarly journals Monitoring of fluoride in the public water supply using electrometric or colorimetric analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Caio Luiz Lins-Candeiro ◽  
Karen Katlein Dolenkei ◽  
Luiz Renato Paranhos ◽  
Douglas Queiroz Santos ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Supply ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode

The surveillance of the concentration of fluoride in the public water supply aims to ensure the balance between the benefits (carie prevention) and risk (dental fluorosis) of water fluoridation programs. The aim of this study was to check the accuracy of two analytical methods for monitoring the concentration of fluoride in the public water supply of a Brazilian city. The STROBE checklist was used to aid the conduction of this study and report the results. It was an analytical, observational, and prospective study using the water supply of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. We collected 126 water samples at 21 sites for six consecutive months and analyzed them using the fluoride ion selective electrode (F-ISE) method and colorimetry with SPADNS. The statistical analysis was performed descriptively and then the ANOVA and Student t-test for paired samples were applied. The results showed that the F-ISE method had a lower coefficient of variation (12.3%) than the SPADNS method (57.4%). There was no significant variation of the fluoride concentration in the water through the supply network evaluated either by F-ISE as SPADNS. We concluded that the electrometric method should be the first choice for use by laboratories that monitor fluoride concentration in the public supply water.

scholarly journals Natural fluoride levels from public water supplies in Piauí State, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2215-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiene Saibrosa da Silva ◽  
Wallesk Gomes Moreno ◽  
Franklin Delano Soares Forte ◽  
Fábio Correia Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Prevalence

The aim of this work was to determine the natural fluoride concentrations in public water supplies in Piauí State, Brazil, in order to identify cities in risk for high prevalence of dental fluorosis. For each city, two samples of drinking water were collected in the urban area: one from the main public water supply and another from a public or residential tap from the same source. Fluoride analyses were carried out in duplicate using a specific ion electrode and TISAB II. From a total of 222 cities in Piauí, 164 (73.8%) samples were analyzed. Urban population in these towns corresponds to 92.5% of the whole state with an estimated population of 1,654,563 inhabitants from the total urban population (1,788,590 inhabitants). A total of 151 cities showed low fluoride levels (<0.30 mg/L) and 13 were just below optimum fluoride concentration in the drinking water (0.31-0.59 mg/L). High natural fluoride concentration above 0.81 mg/L was not observed in any of the surveyed cities. As a conclusion, most of the cities in Piauí have low fluoride concentration in the drinking water. The risk for a high prevalence of dental fluorosis in these urban areas due to natural fluoride in the water supplies is very unlikely. Thus, surveys about the dental fluorosis prevalence in Piauí should be related with data about the consumption of fluoridated dentifrices and other fluoride sources.

The fluoride concentration of the public water supply in the urban zone and indigenous villages of Baía da Traição, Paraíba, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Natanael Victor Furtunato BEZERRA ◽  
Karla Lorene de França LEITE ◽  
Mariana Marinho Davino de MEDEIROS ◽  
Mariana Leonel MARTINS ◽  
Wilton Wilney Nascimento PADILHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Zone

scholarly journals Fluoride concentration in public water supply: 72 months of analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz ◽  
Orlando Saliba ◽  
Fernando Yamamoto Chiba ◽  
Doris Hissako Sumida ◽  
Cléa Adas Saliba Garbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
The Public ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The City

Known as one of the ten most important advances on Public Health in the 20th century, fluoridation of public water supply is a measure of wide population coverage, which is effective on caries control. The city of Araçatuba, in the Northwest region of the São Paulo state, Brazil, started public water supply fluoridation in 1972 and, based on the average annual highest temperature, has kept the fluoride concentration between 0.6 to 0.8 mgF/L. The purpose of this study was to analyze monthly the fluoride concentration in public water supply in the city of Araçatuba during 72 months. Water samples were collected monthly on weekdays, directly from the water distribution network, on pre-established locations and analyzed in duplicate between November 2004 and October 2010 at the Research Laboratory of the Nucleus for Public Health (NEPESCO) of the Public Health Graduate Program from Araçatuba Dental School/UNESP, Brazil, using an fluoride-specific electrode connected to an ion analyzer. From the total of samples (n=591), 67.2% (n=397) presented fluoride concentration between 0.6 and 0.8 mgF/L; 20.6% (n=122) below 0.6 mgF/L; 11.5% (n=68) between 0.8 and 1.2 mgF/L and 0.7% (n=4) above 1.2 mgF/L. Most samples showed fluoride levels within the recommended parameters. Minimal variation was observed among the analyzed collection locations, showing that the city has been able to control the fluoride levels in the public water supply and reinforcing the importance of surveillance and constant monitoring to assure the quality of the water delivered to the population.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of the fluoride level in the public water supply and its correlation with dental fluorosis at two cities of South Santa Catarina

RSBO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Karina Marcon ◽  
Leonardo Marcos Mezzari ◽  
Renan Antônio Ceretta ◽  
Ronaldo Nodari ◽  
Tobias Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
The City

Introduction and Objective: To analyze retrospectively the fluoride level in the public water supply of two cities of the south Santa Catarina and to verify whether 12-year-old schoolers, who had used public water supply had dental fluorosis. Material and methods: 97 schoolers of the cities of Cocal do Sul and Morro da Fumaça were evaluated. Dental fluorosis was determined through Dean index. The annual averages of the fluoride concentrations in waters between the years of 2004 and 2015 were verified by reports supplied by the responsiblecompany. Results: The averages of the fluoride concentrations in the water supply in the cities of Cocal do Sul and Morro da Fumaça, during the analyzed period, were 0.86 and 0,85 ppm of fluoride, respectively, without statistically significant difference. The smaller concentration was found in 2006, in the city of Morro da Fumaça, with 0.64 ppm of F; the greatest concentration occurred in Cocal do Sul, in 2007, with 1.1 ppm of F. The prevalence of dental fluorosisin Cocal do Sul was 24.5% and in Morro da Fumaça was 14.6%, without statistically significant differences. All 12-year-old schoolers who had dental fluorosis were classified as light according to Dean index. Conclusion: Most of the 12-year-old schoolers did not show any fluorosis degree. The cases of dental fluorosis were classified as little severity and with low esthetic impairment. It can be concluded that the fluoride levels in water supply were within the adequate and safe limits with low risk of dental fluorosis.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of the fluoride level in the public water supply and its correlation with dental fluorosis at two cities of South Santa Catarina

RSBO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-76
Author(s):  
Karina Marcon ◽  
Leonardo Marcos Mezzari ◽  
Renan Antônio Ceretta ◽  
Ronaldo Nodari ◽  
Tobias Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
The City

To analyze retrospectively the fluoride level in the public water supply of two cities of the south Santa Catarina and to verify whether 12-year-old schoolers, who had used public water supply had dental fluorosis. Material and methods: 97 schoolers of the cities of Cocal do Sul and Morro da Fumaça were evaluated. Dental fluorosis was determined through Dean index. The annual averages of the fluoride concentrations in waters between the years of 2004 and 2015 were verified by reports supplied by the responsible company. Results: The averages of the fluoride concentrations in the water supply in the cities of Cocal do Sul and Morro da Fumaça, during the analyzed period, were 0.86 and 0,85 ppm of fluoride, respectively, without statistically significant difference. The smaller concentration was found in 2006, in the city of Morro da Fumaça, with 0.64 ppm of F; the greatest concentration occurred in Cocal do Sul, in 2007, with 1.1 ppm of F. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in Cocal do Sul was 24.5% and in Morro da Fumaça was 14.6%, without statistically significant differences. All 12-year-old schoolers who had dental fluorosis were classified as light according to Dean index. Conclusion: Most of the 12-year-old schoolers did not show any fluorosis degree. The cases of dental fluorosis were classified as little severity and with low esthetic impairment. It can be concluded that the fluoride levels in water supply were within the adequate and safe limits with low risk of dental fluorosis.

scholarly journals Fluoride Concentration in Community Water and Bottled Drinking Water: A Dilemma Today

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
S Dhingra ◽  
CM Marya ◽  
A Jnaneswar ◽  
H Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Electrode Method ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Dental Benefits

Background Because of the potential for contamination of municipal water supplies, people appear to be turning to alternative sources for their pure drinking water. Objectives The present study analyzed the fluoride concentration in community water and bottled drinking water sold in Faridabad city. Methods A comparative evaluation of fluoride content in community water supply and bottled drinking water was done using ion-selective electrode method. The community water samples were collected from six different areas (i.e. north zone, south zone, east zone, west zone and central zone) in the city from public health water supply taps while bottled drinking water samples were randomly picked from grocery shops or supermarkets. Results The fluoride concentration in the community water supply in this study ranges from 0.11 to 0.26 mg/L with mean fluoride concentration of 0.17 mg/L. The mean concentration of fluoride in bottled drinking water was 0.06 mg/L. The differences observed between mean of two water samples was statistically significant. Conclusion The results obtained from the present study clearly state that the fluoride concentration was insufficient in community water supply from all the areas and also was deficient in bottled drinking water sold in Faridabad city. So, Alternative sources of fluorides should be supplemented for optimal dental benefits from the use of fluoride. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12485 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(2) 2013: 117-120

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