scholarly journals Effects of flood regime on the diet of Triportheus curtus (Garman, 1890) in an Amazonian floodplain lake

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jardely de Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Maralina Torres da Silva ◽  
Lisandro Juno Soares Vieira ◽  
Rosemara Fugi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Floodplain Lake ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Flood Regime ◽  
Index Of Relative Importance ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

We analyzed the diet of Triportheus curtus in Lake Amapá on the Acre River (AC - Brazil), during three distinct phases of the hydrological cycle (pre-flooding, flooding, and post-flooding stages). The flooding occurred between January and June of 2009. Samples were collected monthly from October 2008 through September 2009. After collection (at 19:00, 01:00, 07:00, and 13:00 hs) and taxonomic identification, fish were eviscerated and their stomachs preserved in a 4% formalin solution for later analysis. The diet was evaluated by the Index of Relative Importance (IRI), and temporal variations (pre-flooding, flooding, and post-flooding) in the diet were summarized by an ordination technique (DCA). The diet of T. curtus was comprised of several orders of insects and microcrustaceans. In the pre-flooding stage, more than 62% of the diet consisted of Ostracoda. In the flooding phase, T. curtus fed mainly on Chaoboridae larvae (Diptera) (44.3%) and terrestrial insects (fragments) (33.7%). In the post-flooding phase, Chaoboridae comprised 80% of the diet. These results indicate that the utilization of food resources by T. curtus was variable, changing with alterations in the availability of resources, as influenced by the hydrological cycle. The population of T. curtus proved to be opportunistic, changing its diet in the course of the hydrological cycle.

scholarly journals Nycthemeral and Monthly Occupation of the Fish Assemblage on a Sheltered Beach of Baía Norte, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Marcelo Soeth ◽  
Vinicius Krischnegg Andrade ◽  
Henry Louis Spach ◽  
André Pereira Cattani
Keyword(s):  
Fish Community ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Index Of Relative Importance ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Meso Scale ◽  
Santa Catarina State

Interpreting fish community records is challenging for several reasons, including the lack of past ichthyofauna data, the cyclical temporal variations in the community, and the methodology employed, which usually underestimates fish assemblages. The objective of this study was to describe short-scale and meso-scale (nycthemeral period and months, respectively) temporal variations in the ichthyofauna composition and structure of a sheltered beach of Baía Norte (Florianópolis, Santa Catarina state, Brazil), using a capéchade net. Samples were collected monthly for a period of 48 hours. During the period from December 2010 to November 2011, a total of 19,302 individuals belonging to 89 species and 39 families were captured. The number of individuals that were sampled during the day and/or night was dependent on the sampling month. On average, the daytime assemblage was more abundant and different in structure and composition than the nighttime assemblage. Of the eight species that had the highest Index of Relative Importance (%IRI), five had higher variations (ANOVA F) between the day and night than between the months. This finding reinforced the need for sampling during both the day and night. The capéchade net effectively captured demersal and pelagic individuals in a broad range of sizes.

scholarly journals Aquatic insects as the main food resource of fish the community in a Neotropical reservoir

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Vidotto-Magnoni ◽  
Edmir Daniel Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Tietê River ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

We evaluated the feeding of fish species of the Nova Avanhandava Reservoir, low Tietê River, São Paulo State, Brazil. Fishes were collected in two stretches of the reservoir: Santa Bárbara (14 samples) and Bonito (two samples) between September 2002 and March 2004, using gill and seining nets. The results of stomach contents analysis were expressed with the frequency of occurrence and gravimetric method, combined in the Alimentary Index (AI). The 20 species studied consumed 52 food items, grouped in 10 food categories: aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, crustaceans, fish, macroinvertebrates, microcrustaceans, algae, vegetal matter, detritus/sediment and scales. The aquatic insects (mainly Chironomidae, Odonata and Ephemeroptera) were the most common food resources, consumed by 18 species. The diet composition of the community (species grouped) indicated that the dominant food category in the diet of fishes was aquatic insects (AI = 77.6%), followed by crustaceans (AI = 7.1%). Four trophic guilds were identified according a cluster analysis (Pearson distance): insectivorous (10 species), omnivorous (4 species), detritivorous (3 species) and piscivorous/carcinophagous (3 species). Despite the highest number of species, the insectivorous guild was responsible for more than 80% in captures in number and biomass (CPUEn and CPUEb). The low values of niche breadth presented by all species, along with the low values of diet overlap between species pairs indicate a high degree of food resources partitioning among species. The aquatic insects, despite being the main food resource of insectivorous fishes, also complemented the diet of other species, which demonstrate the importance of this food resource for the fish community, sustaining a high diversity, abundance and biomass of fishes.

scholarly journals Use of food resources by small fish species in Neotropical rivers: responses to spatial and temporal variations

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jislaine Cristina da Silva ◽  
Éder André Gubiani ◽  
Rosilene Luciana Delariva
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽  
Small Fish

scholarly journals Spatial and seasonal changes in the diet of Oligosarcus hepsetus (Characiformes, Characidae) in a Brazilian Reservoir

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G Araújo ◽  
C. C Andrade ◽  
R. N Santos ◽  
A. F. G. N Santos ◽  
L. N Santos
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Dietary Shifts ◽  
Index Of Relative Importance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Previous Autumn ◽  
Very High

We assessed spatial and seasonal changes in the diet of Oligosarcus hepsetus in order to describe the strategy developed by this species that allows their very high abundance in Lajes reservoir, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fish samplings were carried out using gill nets, deployed during ca. 12 and 24 hours, between April 2001 and May 2002. A total of 289 individuals were examined, of which 97 showed gut contents. We used the index of relative importance (IRI) to compare probable dietary shifts, and the frequency of occurrence (% OC) to analyze possible ontogenetic influences on feeding. O. hepsetus showed carnivorous habits, feeding preferably on fish and insects, the latter of which occurred in 71.0% of the guts presenting contents. O. hepsetus consumed different items along the three reservoir zones: insects (61.0% IRI) and Cichla monoculus (38.9% IRI) in the lower zone; Lepidoptera (57.0% IRI) in the middle zone; and C. monoculus (77.0% IRI) in the upper zone. Food items changed seasonally with C. monoculus predominating in autumn 2001, and Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera in the winter. In spring almost all food was Lepidoptera (99.8% IRI), while in the summer Hemiptera dominated in the diet. In autumn 2002 Hemiptera (97.0% IRI) was dominant, in significant contrast with the previous autumn. Individuals smaller than 190 mm SL fed heavily on insects, while fishes predominated in the diet of individuals larger than 190 mm SL. Shifts in prey-capture ability among length classes suggest decreasing intraspecific competition. A higher food plasticity seems to be the strategy employed by this opportunist species, which used food resources available in the reservoir.

scholarly journals Bio-Ecological Traits of Western Tubenose Goby Proterorhinus semilunaris (Heckel, 1837): A Key to Understand Its Invasion Success

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülşah Saç
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Tubenose Goby ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Of Relative Importance ◽  
Proterorhinus Semilunaris

This study aims to contribute to the limited knowledge on the bio-ecological traits of the native Western tubenose goby, Proterorhinus semilunaris, which is considered to invade many inland waters in Europe and North America. During monthly sampling surveys from March 2012 to June 2013, the species was collected from the four stations in the Istranca River (Turkey) by electrofishing. The standard length and body weight of 310 samples varied between 1.4–6.1 cm and 0.08–7.09 g, respectively. The sex ratio of female to male was found to be 1.7:1.0, with a significant difference. The values of the exponent b in the length–weight relationship were approximately 3 for females, males, and all individuals, indicating an isometric growth. The size at first sexual maturity was 2.44 cm standard length (SL) for females and 2.29 cm SL for males. Absolute fecundity ranged from 56 to 344 eggs with a mean of 164 eggs. The food composition of the species comprised of 8 major groups: Insecta (Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Odonata, Trichoptera, Coleoptera), Arachnida, Annelida, Gastropoda, Crustacea, Pisces, plant, and detritus. According to the results of modified index of relative importance (MI) and index of relative importance (IRI), insect and Diptera were the most prevalent prey for this fish. The present study has provided baseline information on the basic biological traits of the fish in its natural habitat for further understanding of this species success of invasion.

Hard prey specialists or opportunistic generalists? An examination of the diet of the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Collins ◽  
M. R. Heupel ◽  
R. E. Hueter ◽  
P. J. Motta
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Charlotte Harbor ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Cownose Ray ◽  
Rhinoptera Bonasus ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Index Of Relative Importance

Atlantic cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) are benthic, suction feeders whose foraging activities have been implicated in severe damage to commercial shellfish industries. With jaws highly modified for durophagy, it has been assumed that R. bonasus are crushing specialists that feed primarily upon hard molluscan prey. Stomach contents from R. bonasus caught within Florida’s Charlotte Harbor estuary between July 2003 and July 2004 were analysed using the index of relative importance (IRI) to determine most important prey types. Prey items were identified from 38 families and fell into nine distinctive groups. The three most dominant prey groups were crustaceans (%IRI = 55.31), polychaetes (%IRI = 25.20) and bivalves (%IRI = 12.58). Shoalmates had more similar diets than non-shoalmates, suggesting group feeding. Most small or softer-bodied prey consumed were relatively intact, indicating lack of prey processing and capture through suction feeding. All larger, harder-bodied prey showed evidence of crushing (fractured and broken shells). Although R. bonasus has been characterised as a hard prey specialist, these results suggest it may behave as an opportunistic generalist, modifying feeding behaviour to consume readily available prey.

scholarly journals A food spectrum analysis of three bufonid species (Anura: Bufonidae) from Uttarakhand region of the western Himalaya, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 14663-14671
Author(s):  
Vivekanand Bahuguna ◽  
Ashish Kumar Chowdhary ◽  
Shurveer Singh ◽  
Gaurav Bhatt ◽  
Siddhant Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Amphibian Conservation ◽  
Food Spectrum ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dietary Niche ◽  
Index Of Relative Importance ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

The ecological diversity of insects and its predators like amphibians are important determinants in ecological balance.  A total of 1,222 prey items in 84 specimens were examined to contribute the understanding of the diets of three Duttaphrynus species, viz., himalayanus, melanostictus, and stomaticus from Uttarakhand, the western Himalaya, India.  Gut content analysis of three bufonids revealed acceptance of a wide range of terrestrial insects and other invertebrates as their food.  The index of relative importance indicated that the most important preys were Formicidae, Coleoptera and Orthoptera.  Duttaphrynus melanostictus had the broadest dietary niche breadth, followed by D. himalaynus and D. stomaticus.  The wide prey spectrum well indicates that these species are the generalist and opportunist invertebrate feeder.  Information pertaining to the food spectrum analysis contributes to understanding the ecological roles and used as a baseline data for future successful amphibian conservation and management programs in the Himalayan ecosystem.

scholarly journals Trophic guilds of fishes in sandbank habitats of a Neotropical river

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliana Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
Carlos Sérgio Agostinho ◽  
Rafael José de Oliveira ◽  
Elineide Eugênio Marques
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
River Drainage Basin

The objective of this study was to characterize the trophic structure of the community of fishes exploiting riverine sandbank habitats. Collections were carried out during the period of October 1999 to December 2003, on six sand banks in the upper and middle portions of the Tocantins River drainage basin in central Brazil. The availability of food resources was evaluated based on the volume of the items present in the stomachs of all species. A total of 2,127 stomachs of fish belonging to 50 species were analyzed. Nine main trophic guilds grouped the local ichthyofauna according to diet. Aquatic-origin items were the preferred source for 55.5% of the groups analyzed, whereas terrestrial-origin items composed 44.4%. Items of undetermined origin (detritus and sediment), although present in 89% of the guilds, were the predominant food in only one trophic group. Terrestrial insects and fish were the food sources with the largest biomass available in the environment. Sandbank environments are homogeneous, with little shelter and food available; as a rule, the species that occupy these environments are generalists.

scholarly journals Feeding habits of Aspitrigla cuculus (L., 1758) (red gurnard), Lepidotrigla cavillone (Lac., 1802) (large scale gurnard) and Trigloporus lastoviza (Brunn., 1768) (rock gurnard) around Cyclades and Dodecanese Islands (E. Mediterranean)

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. TERRATS ◽  
G. PETRAKIS ◽  
C. PAPACONSTANTINOU
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
Percentage Frequency ◽  
Index Of Relative Importance

The feeding habits of the three most abundant gurnard species, red gurnard (Aspitrigla cuculus), large scale gurnard (Lepidotrigla cavillone) and rock gurnard (Trigloporus lastoviza) in the eastern Mediterranean (Dodecanese and Cyclades, Greece) are examined. The stomach contents of the gurnard specimens collected in April and September 1996 by bottom trawling were analyzed. The % frequency of occurrence, % number and % weight of prey types in the stomach contents were evaluated. By weight, Mysidacea and Decapoda dominated in the diet of the three species in both seasons, however the Index of Relative Importance, as well as the percentage frequency of occurrence varied. Rock gurnard presented the most diverse diet whereas the diet of large scale and red gurnard were more specialized. High overlap in terms of number was found between rock and large scale gurnard in May. Rock gurnard had the most divers diet in both seasons.

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