scholarly journals Concentration of heavy metals in tissues of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) sampled in the Cananéia estuary, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edison Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Northern Atlantic ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Thirty specimens (15 adults and 15 juveniles) of Chelonia mydas found in the Cananéia estuary in the state of São Paulo on the southeastern Brazilian coast between January 2005 and September 2006, were analyzed The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn and Ni in liver and kidney samples of adult and juvenile green turtles were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.The average Cd concentration found in adult livers (0.57µg.g-1) was significantly higher than that in juveniles (0.279µg.g-1). Cu concentrations were significantly higher in the liver than in the kidney, and significantly higher in adults (39.9µg.g-1) than in juveniles (20.7µg.g-1) Average Mn concentrations in liver and kidney did not differ between adults (4.32 and 4.17µg.g-1) and juveniles (4.81 and 3.82µg.g-1), whereas Ni concentrations in adults (0.28 and 0.19µg.g-1, respectively) were significantly higher than in juveniles (0.13 and 0.089µg.g-1, respectively). Pb concentrations in liver were significantly higher in adults (0.37µg.g-1) than in juveniles (0.06µg.g-1). The concentrations of essential trace elements in Chelonia mydas were generally comparable to values reported in other, similar studies. With respect to non-essential metals (Cd, Pb and Ni), Chelonia mydas presented lower values than those reported for their northern Atlantic counterparts.

Metal-induced oxidative stress level in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and its contribution to the severity of the disease: A correlational study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Varsha Shukla ◽  
Siddharth Kumar Das ◽  
Abbas Ali Mahdi ◽  
Shweta Agarwal ◽  
Ragini Alok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Rheumatological Disease ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is an extra-articular rheumatological disease characterised by widespread chronic musculoskeletal pain. Metal-induced oxidative stress contributes to the severity of FMS. AIMS: First, this study evaluated the association between plasma levels of toxic heavy metals and essential metals with oxidative stress (OS) markers. Second, the OS markers and metal contents were correlated with the disease severity by assessing the Fibromyalgia Impact Questioner Revised (FIQR) and tender points (TP). METHOD: A total of 105 FMS patients and 105 healthy controls of similar age and sex were recruited. OS parameter such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl group (PCG), nitric oxide (NO) and essential metals such as zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and toxic heavy metals such as aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), lead (Pb) were estimated. RESULTS: Levels of LPO, PCG, NO (p< 0.001) and Cu, Mn, and Al (p< 0.001), were significantly higher, and Mg (p< 0.001) and Zn (p< 0.001) were significantly lower in patients compared to controls. A positive association was observed between OS parameters, FIQR and TP with Cu, Al and Mn. A significant negative association was observed between Zn and Mg with FIQR, TP and OS parameters. CONCLUSION: Heavy metals such as Al induce OS parameters and decrease the levels of essential trace elements such as Mg and Zn, which may be responsible for the severity of FMS.

Incidental catch of sea turtles by the Brazilian pelagic longline fishery

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Sales ◽  
Bruno B. Giffoni ◽  
Paulo C.R. Barata
Keyword(s):  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Dermochelys Coriacea ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Incidental Catch

This paper presents data on the incidental catch of sea turtles in both the Brazilian exclusive economic zone and adjacent international waters (both areas are located mainly in the south-western Atlantic) by Brazilian commercial pelagic longliners targeting swordfish, tuna and sharks. Data were obtained by on-board observers for 311 trips carried out in 2001–2005, totalling 7385 sets and 11,348,069 hooks. A total of 1386 sea turtles were incidentally captured in the five years (some of them were considered dead at capture): 789 loggerheads (Caretta caretta), 341 leatherbacks (Dermochelys coriacea), 45 green turtles (Chelonia mydas), 81 olive ridleys (Lepidochelys olivacea) and 130 of unknown species. Taking into account the distribution of the fishing effort in the study area and the incidental catch of sea turtles, four regions were highlighted for the analyses: Zone 1 is located off the northern Brazilian coast; Zone 2 is located off the central Brazilian coast; Zone 3 is the region off the southern Brazilian coast; and Zone 4, located in the open sea almost totally within international waters, is the region around a chain of undersea mountains known as the Rio Grande Rise (Elevação do Rio Grande). There is no information on the origin (nesting areas) of the captured olive ridleys, but there is some evidence, obtained through genetic and demographic analyses, that loggerheads, leatherbacks and green turtles inhabiting the open ocean around Brazil originate from nesting areas in several countries. Together with the fact that the south-western Atlantic is fished by longliners again from several countries, this places the conservation of sea turtles in that part of the ocean in an international context. Some conservation actions carried out by Brazil concerning the interaction between pelagic longlines and sea turtles in the study area are described.

Shark scavenging and predation on sea turtles in northeastern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Bornatowski ◽  
Michael R. Heithaus ◽  
Clenia M.P. Batista ◽  
Rita Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Eretmochelys Imbricata ◽  
Lepidochelys Olivacea ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier

Large sharks have the potential to help structure ecosystem dynamics through top-down impacts on their prey, including sea turtles. Studies of interactions between large sharks and sea turtles, however, are practically nonexistent along the Brazilian coast. Between September 2002 and May 2011 we examined 655 sea turtles – including green turtles Chelonia mydas (n = 607), olive ridleys Lepidochelys olivacea (n = 10), hawksbills Eretmochelys imbricata (n = 33), and loggerheads Caretta caretta (n = 5) – that stranded on Paraíba coast, northeastern Brazil. A total of 63 green turtles (10.4%), two olive ridleys (20.0%) and one hawksbill (3.0%) had shark-inflicted bites. Most bites could not be definitively attributed to scavenging or attacks on living turtles, but the presence of healed shark bites and freshly bleeding bites suggests that some attacks occurred pre-mortem. Bite characteristics suggest that tiger sharks Galeocerdo cuvier were responsible for most bites that could be identified to a particular species. Within green turtles, the only species with sufficient sample size, the probability of carcasses having been bitten increased with carapace length but did not vary across seasons and years. However, there was spatial variation in the probability of a carcass having been bitten by sharks. Our estimates of the minimum proportion of turtles attacked while alive (∼4%) and bitten overall are similar to other areas where shark-turtle interactions have been studied. Turtles likely are an important food for tiger sharks in northeastern Brazil, but further studies are needed to determine the relative frequencies of scavenging and predation.

scholarly journals Molecular Data for the Sea Turtle Population in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibelle Torres Vilaça ◽  
Fabricio Rodrigues dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Eretmochelys Imbricata ◽  
Lepidochelys Olivacea ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Turtle Population

We report here a dataset comprising nine nuclear markers for the Brazilian population of Cheloniidae turtles: hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata), loggerheads (Caretta caretta), olive ridleys (Lepidochelys olivacea), and green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Because hybridization is a common phenomenon between the four Cheloniidae species nesting on the Brazilian coast, we also report molecular markers for the hybrids E. imbricata × C. caretta, C. caretta × L. olivacea, and E. imbricata × L. olivacea and for one hybrid E. imbricata × C. mydas and one between three species C. mydas × E. imbricata × C. caretta. The data was used in previous studies concerning (1) the description of frequent hybrids C. caretta × E. imbricata in Brazil, (2) the report of introgression in some of these hybrids, and (3) population genetics. As a next step for the study of these hybrids and their evolution, genome-wide studies will be performed in the Brazilian population of E. imbricata, C. caretta, and their hybrids.

scholarly journals Open-sea migration of magnetically disturbed sea turtles

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (22) ◽  
pp. 3435-3443 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Papi ◽  
P. Luschi ◽  
S. Akesson ◽  
S. Capogrossi ◽  
G.C. Hays
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Return Trip ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Ascension Island ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Nesting Beaches ◽  
Feeding Grounds

Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) that shuttle between their Brazilian feeding grounds and nesting beaches at Ascension Island in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean are a paradigmatic case of long-distance oceanic migrants. It has been suggested that they calculate their position and the direction of their target areas by using the inclination and intensity of the earth's magnetic field. To test this hypothesis, we tracked, by satellite, green turtles during their postnesting migration from Ascension Island to the Brazilian coast more than 2000 km away. Seven turtles were each fitted with six powerful static magnets attached in such a way as to produce variable artificial fields around the turtle that made reliance on a geomagnetic map impossible. The reconstructed courses were very similar to those of eight turtles without magnets that were tracked over the same period and in the previous year, and no differences between magnetically disrupted and untreated turtles were found as regards navigational performance and course straightness. These findings show that magnetic cues are not essential to turtles making the return trip to the Brazilian coast. The navigational mechanisms used by these turtles remain enigmatic.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of the aerobic bacterial microbiota of the esophagus and its probable association with obstructive caseous lesions in green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 922-932
Author(s):  
Adriano L.S. Bindaco ◽  
Antônio Calais Júnior ◽  
Ítalo C. Almeida ◽  
César O. Liesner ◽  
Maria Rosa Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Microbiological Culture ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

ABSTRACT: Caseous lesions in the esophagus of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the coast of Brazil have been described as obstructive lesions and can lead to the death of these animals. However, their etiology remains unclear. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the aerobic bacterial microbiota of the esophagus of green turtles (C. mydas) from the Brazilian coast and to verify its possible participation in the etiology of caseous lesions. For this, 42 animals were used, 33 alive and healthy and 9 naturally dead that had esophageal lesions confirmed by necropsy, from Anchieta and Piúma beaches, Espírito Santo. Microbiological tests and morphological evaluation of the esophagus were performed. We isolated 14 different bacterial agents from healthy animal samples, with the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa being (36.36%), Staphylococcus aureus (33.33%), Aeromonas hydrophila (27.27%), and Vibrio alginolyticus (24.24%). In dead animals, only three distinct agents were isolated: S. aureus (50.00%), A. hydrophila (25.00%), and V. alginolyticus (25.00%). Morphological evaluation revealed a predominance of the lesions at the gastroesophageal junction, with multifocal-to-coalescent distribution, discrete intensity, and absence of obstruction. Ulcerations and caseous exudates, inflammatory infiltrates, parasitic eggs, and giant foreign body cells were also observed as well as bacterial lumps and glandular alterations, such as necrosis, adenitis, and fragments of adult parasites. There was a positive correlation between bacterial lumps and microbiological culture and a negative correlation between bacterial lumps and microbiological culture with parasites. Thus, it was noted that the esophageal aerobic microbiota of C. mydas was predominantly composed of Gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa, A. hydrophila, and V. alginolyticus, in addition to several enterobacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus. These agents are opportunists and may be involved in the etiology of caseous esophagitis in association with other pathogens as co-factors working in association or, even in a secondary way.

scholarly journals Report ofNeospirorchis schistosomatoides Price 1934 (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) infecting a Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758 (Testudines, Cheloniidae), from Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Werneck ◽  
G. B. Souza ◽  
B. C. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Green Turtle ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Original Description ◽  
South Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
First Report ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
The Usa

SummaryWe report the occurrence of Neospirorchis schistosomatoidesPrice 1934 in a juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas L.1758) from the Brazilian coast. This species has been reported only in green turtles from the USA, Bermuda and Australia. Only two entire specimens and parts of six worms were found in the host’s heart. The collection, identification and morphometric data of intact specimens of N. schistosomatoides are rare and restricted to the original description. This paper presents the first report of N. schistosomatoides in green turtles from the western South Atlantic Ocean.

Stock composition of green turtles Chelonia mydas foraging in the Ryukyu Archipelago differs with size class

2018 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Hamabata ◽  
H Nishizawa ◽  
I Kawazu ◽  
K Kameda ◽  
N Kamezaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Ryukyu Archipelago ◽  
Green Turtles
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