Mangrove forests associated with salt flats: a case study from southeast Brazil

Abstract In this study, forest structure variability of a mangrove associated to a salt flat in Sepetiba Bay (SE-Brazil) was assessed. Forest structure and interstitial water salinity were measured in 32 plots established along three transects ranging from the margin of the estuary to the transition with the salt flat. Structural development was shown to be highly variable, with mean height ranging from 0.54 m to 7.96 m, mean diameter ranging from 1.58 cm to 9.46 cm and trunk density ranging from 2,733 live trunks.ha-1 to 106,667 live trunks.ha-1. Forest structure variability responded to the gradient of increasing interstitial water salinity towards the salt flat, with mean height and diameter decreasing and trunks density increasing progressively in the same direction. The following pattern of species dominance was observed: Rhizophora mangle near the estuary margin; Laguncularia racemosa at the transition with the salt flat; and Avicennia schaueriana on intermediate zones. The assessment of structural characteristics of mangrove forests and their relationships with natural stressors (e.g., salinity) contribute to better understand the dynamics of the species along coastal plains associated with preserved salt flats, such as the one found in Guaratiba.

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Macroecological patterns of forest structure and allometric scaling in mangrove forests

Global Ecology and Biogeography ◽

10.1111/geb.13268 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andre S. Rovai ◽

Robert R. Twilley ◽

Edward Castañeda‐Moya ◽

Stephen R. Midway ◽

Daniel A. Friess ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Structure ◽

Allometric Scaling ◽

Mangrove Forests

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Structural characteristics of crab burrows in Hong Kong mangrove forests and their role in ecosystem engineering

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science ◽

10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106973 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 106973 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laura Elisabeth Agusto ◽

Sara Fratini ◽

Pedro J. Jimenez ◽

Aline Quadros ◽

Stefano Cannicci

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Ecosystem Engineering ◽

Mangrove Forests

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Simulating Species Dominance in Mixed Mangrove Forests Considering Species-Specific Responses to Shading, Salinity, and Inundation Frequency

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing - Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-55867-3_9 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 167-183

Author(s):

Ian Estacio ◽

Ariel Blanco

Keyword(s):

Mangrove Forests ◽

Species Dominance ◽

Inundation Frequency ◽

Species Specific

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Changes in Interstitial Water Salinity of a Mississippi Tidal Marsh

Estuaries ◽

10.2307/1351461 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 185 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Courtney T. Hackney ◽

Armando A. de la Cruz

Keyword(s):

Tidal Marsh ◽

Interstitial Water ◽

Water Salinity

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A hydro-thermo-haline numerical approach of the groundwater flow to explain the extreme Li-enrichment in the Salar de Atacama (NE Chile)

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9524 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Miguel Angel Marazuela ◽

Carlos Ayora ◽

Enric Vázquez Suñé ◽

Sebastià Olivella Pastallé ◽

Alejandro García Gil

Keyword(s):

Land Surface ◽

Volcanic Rocks ◽

Numerical Approach ◽

Origin And Evolution ◽

Rare Elements ◽

Salt Flat ◽

Major Cations ◽

Salt Flats ◽

Strong Evaporation ◽

Hydrogeological Systems

Salt flats (salars) are endorheic hydrogeological systems associated with arid to hyperarid climates. The brines of salt flats account the 80 % of the world&#8217;s reserves of Li highly demanded by modern industry. About 40 % of the worldwide Li is extracted from the brine that fills the pores and cavities of the Salar de Atacama. However, the origin of the extreme Li-enrichment of these brines is still unknown.The thick accumulation of salts and brines in salt flats results from the groundwater discharge (phreatic evaporation) near the land surface for thousands to millions of years. The strong evaporation contributes the enrichment in major cations and anions as well as other rare elements (e.g. Li, B, Ba, Sr, Br, I and F) which are very attractive for mining exploitation. However, only evaporation cannot explain by itself the extreme concentrations of some of these elements and the strong decoupling between the most evaporated brines and the most Li-enriched brines in the Salar de Atacama. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the extreme Li-enrichment of the salt flat brines: (a) concentrated brines leaking down from salt flats located in the Andean Plateau, (b) leaching of hypothetical ancient salt flats buried among volcanic rocks, and (c) rising of hydrothermal brines from deep reservoirs through faults. However, none of them has been able probed neither validated by a numerical model till the date.The objective of this work is to discuss the feasibility of the different hypotheses proposed until now to explain the formation of the world's largest lithium reserve. To achieve this objective, two sets of numerical simulations of a 2D vertical cross-section of the entire Salar de Atacama basin are carried out to define (1) the origin and evolution of a salt flat and how climate cycles can affect the location of the most Li-concentrated brines by evaporation and (2) the establishment of the hydro-thermo-haline circulation of a mature salt flat basin.

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Dietary variation in the crab Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) (Decapoda, Sesarmidae) in a mangrove gradient in northwestern Venezuela

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/15685403-00003220 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 86 (9) ◽

pp. 1051-1069 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Beatriz López ◽

Jesús E. Conde

Keyword(s):

Dry Season ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Gut Contents ◽

Structural Development ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Leaf Quality ◽

Natural Diet ◽

Rainy Period ◽

Food Diversity

In order to investigate if the variety of resources consumed by Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) changes along a structural mangrove gradient, the natural diet of this crab species was studied in five mangrove forests. Mangrove forests with different degrees of structural development (arboreal, arbustive, scrub) and located in different environments (estuarine, marine, hypersaline) on the northwest coast of Venezuela were considered, during the rainy and dry seasons. Rhizophora mangle Linnaeus, 1753 was the predominant mangrove species. The gut contents of 313 individuals were analysed, yielding a total of 12 prey categories. The diet of A. pisonii was based on mangrove fragments (leaves and bark). The index of relative importance (IRI) of mangrove fragments varied between 58% and 96%. Other items supplemented the diet: seagrass, algae, insects and crustaceans. The variety of resources consumed by A. pisonii was related to the mangrove structure and varied with the season. During the rainy period food diversity in the gut content increased, as mangrove heterogeneity and complexity increased, but during the dry season the trend was reversed. Aratus pisonii appears to enhance an opportunistic feeding behaviour when leaf quality decreases, which occurs during the dry season mainly in the hypersaline mangroves with less structural development (arbustive and scrub). During the drought the IRI of the items of animal origin increased in all the localities; this could be a response to the nutritional needs of the crabs during this season. In this work, we report the first documented egg consumption of its conspecifics, which supports the idea of cannibalistic behaviour associated mainly with crabs that live in the hypersaline and scrub mangrove with the lowest structural development and leaf quality.

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Major structural elements and petrophysical properties of the Miocene section, “xyz field”, western shallow offshore depobelt, Niger delta

International Journal of Advanced Geosciences ◽

10.14419/ijag.v7i1.23213 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

Ajibade M.A ◽

Ajibade Adekola ◽

M. T. Olowokere

Keyword(s):

Niger Delta ◽

Development Process ◽

Water Saturation ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Structural Development ◽

Petrophysical Properties ◽

Structural Elements ◽

Charge System ◽

Fault Block ◽

Maximum Water

R1, R2, R3, and F. reservoir units were identified in the XYZ field. The reservoirs are within the Oil proven fault block and F reservoir is located on the footwall structure of the second synthetic fault with similar structural characteristics. The faulting in the XYZ field resulted in a downward movement of the XYZ Discovery relative to the XYZ prospects. The structural development process of the field was a syn-sedimentary. This explains why the XYZ-1 penetration in the footwall of the synthetic found oil-in F sand. However, petrophysical results show that the reservoirs of interests have good petrophysical properties with minimum porosity of 0.1 and maximum water saturation of 0.7. The discoveries by the XYZ-1 well prove the existence of a working hydrocarbon source and charge system. However the distribution pattern of the discovered hydrocarbons is not yet understood.

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Investigating the role of impoundment and forest structure on the resistance and resilience of mangrove forests to hurricanes

Aquatic Botany ◽

10.1016/j.aquabot.2011.10.006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Juliane Vogt ◽

Annegret Skóra ◽

Ilka C. Feller ◽

Cyril Piou ◽

Glenn Coldren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Structure ◽

Mangrove Forests

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Seed predation in a tropical mangrove forest: a test of the dominance-predation model in northern Australia

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400010464 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 293-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Keith A. McGuinness

Keyword(s):

Forest Structure ◽

Mangrove Forest ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Avicennia Marina ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Northern Australia ◽

Rhizophora Stylosa ◽

Ceriops Tagal ◽

Preferred Species ◽

Made In

ABSTRACTStudies of predation on propagules of the mangroves Avicennia marina, Bruguiera exaristata, Ceriops tagal and Rhizophora stylosa were made in a forest in northern Australia to test the generality of the dominance-predation model. This model states that an inverse relationship exists between the dominance of a species in the canopy of mangrove forests and the rate of predation on the propagules of that species. Significant differences in predation were found among the four species, and among patches of forest dominated by the different species. Predators attacked more than 50% of the propagules of all species except R. stylosa, so are likely to significantly affect forest structure. The intensity of predation did not, however, vary as the dominance-predation model predicted. Instead, predation on the propagules of a species appeared to depend on the availability of propagules of other, more highly preferred, species.

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