scholarly journals Analysis of musculoskeletal changes in patients with postural roundback

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Débora Pinheiro Lédio Alves ◽  
Vera Lúcia dos Santos Alves ◽  
Osmar Avanzi
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Cobb Method ◽  
Radiographic Changes

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and radiographic changes in patients with postural rounded upper back. METHODS: 30 patients diagnosed with postural rounded upper back were studied, being 22 male and eight female, aged between 10 and 20 years, referred by the outpatient clinic of the Grupo de Cirurgia da Coluna of the Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Patients underwent assessment of posture, special tests to check for muscle retractions and radiographic examination to measure the curvatures of spine using the Cobb method. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: It is concluded that in the postural roundback there is a moderate increase of the thoracic kyphosis; the lumbar and cervical curvatures do not increase as a compensatory mechanism; the head appears anteriorized and the shoulder is also anteriorized and medially rotated; muscle retractions are present in the hamstrings, hip flexors, pectoralis minor and adductors of the shoulder muscles; the mobility of the lumbar spine is preserved and there is no relationship between the magnitude of thoracic curvature and the retraction of the hamstring muscles.

scholarly journals How do anterior/posterior translations of the thoracic cage affect the sagittal lumbar spine, pelvic tilt, and thoracic kyphosis?

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deed E. Harrison ◽  
René Cailliet ◽  
Donald D. Harrison ◽  
Tadeusz J. Janik
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Thoracic Cage ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Compensatory Muscle Activity in the Posterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knee During Isokinetic Knee Motion

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 710-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Inoue ◽  
Kazunori Yasuda ◽  
Masatomo Yamanaka ◽  
Tatsuhiko Wada ◽  
Kiyoshi Kaneda
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
Surface Electromyograms

We performed electromyographic analyses in 12 patients with posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees to compare electrical activity in the quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius muscles between the uninjured and involved limbs. Each patient performed concentric isokinetic knee motion at 30 and 60 deg/sec in both limbs separately. Torques in knee extension and flexion and surface electromyograms from the quadriceps, medial hamstring, and medial gastrocnemius muscles were simultaneously recorded. The uninjured limb served as a control for each patient. Before generation of flexion torque, the gastrocnemius muscle was electrically activated significantly earlier in posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees than in uninjured knees at each velocity. However, we could not find any significant differences between the posterior cruciate ligament-deficient and uninjured knees in torque curves and electromyelograms of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. This study suggests that early contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle may be a part of a compensatory mechanism in posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees.

ANALYSIS OF INTERVERTEBRAL ANGULATIONS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL SYMPTOMS OF THE SPINE IN THE MILITARY AIRCREWS OF TAIWAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750010
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Ho Chen ◽  
Cheng-Han Chung ◽  
Chi-Chen Lee ◽  
Cheng-Shu Yang ◽  
Yu-Shin Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Regular Group ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tangent Method ◽  
Cobb Method ◽  
The Military

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of neck and low back discomfort and its association with intervertebral angulations of cervical and lumbar during neutral and flexion among aircrews. Methods: There were 283 subjects participating in this survey. All participants finished one questionnaire each regarding complaints about musculoskeletal symptoms, and three sagittal plane radiographs. The measurements of intervertebral angulations were completed using the Cobb method for lumbar spine and the Harrison posterior tangent method for the cervical spine. Results: In the questionnaire, 26.5% subjects self-reported neck discomfort and 33.2% subjects self-reported low back discomfort. Based on categorization by self-reported complaints, there was significant decrease in two intervertebral flexion angles of the Discomfort group than those of the Regular group, including C3/C4 and C2/C7. Based on categorization by radiological diagnoses, the abnormal group revealed significant decreases in the regular range of motion from neutral to flexion at C3/C4 segment. Lordotic angles between L1 and L5 were also found to be significantly different between the Discomfort group and the Regular group. Conclusions: A high prevalence of neck and low back discomfort among the aircrews is revealed and needs more suitable intervention. A certain level of association between spinal discomfort and the intervertebral angulations of the lumbar spine and the cervical spine in aircrews was found when compared to the normal group.

scholarly journals Problems with diagnosing early stadia of scoliosis due to discrepancies between ATR and the Cobb angle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kluszczyński ◽  
Jacek Wąsik ◽  
Dorota Ortenburger
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Trunk Rotation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
False Diagnosis ◽  
Cobb Method ◽  
Threshold Rule

Abstract Background This research analysed discrepancies between the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) and the Cobb angle, in order to study if the commonly used 7° cut-off threshold for ATR helps diagnose scoliosis. In early stadia of scoliosis in children, ATR and the Cobb angle often disagree, increasing the risk of a false diagnosis: while the former does not suggest scoliosis, the latter does. Methods The study analysed ATR clinical parameters and the Cobb angle in the X-ray pictures of 117 (23 boys and 94 girls, aged 6–17 years) children who had not yet started treatment and whose X-ray pictures showed the Cobb angle of at least 10°, indicating idiopathic scoliosis. The degrees of lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis were measured using the Saunders inclinometer, and back asymmetry was measured with Adam’s forward bend test using the Bunnell scoliometer. In the X-ray pictures, the curvature angle was plotted according to the Cobb method. The patients were stratified based on their age, and their ATRs and Cobb angles were compared. Results Although all the children had the Cobb angle over 10°, in 69 out of 117 (59%), ATR was below 7%. So, using the 7° cut-off threshold rule, scoliosis would not be diagnosed in those children. This shows that the two tests often disagree, suggesting that the 7° cut-off threshold or ATR is ineffective in diagnosing scoliosis. Conclusions To improve the method for diagnosing scoliosis based on ATR, consideration should be given to lowering the 7° ATR cut-off threshold.

Patellar instability following experimental medial patellar desmotomy in horses

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. N. Martins ◽  
S. C. F. Hagen ◽  
L. C. L. C. Silva ◽  
R. Y. A. Baccarin
Keyword(s):  
Patellar Instability ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Lateral Border ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Medial Cortex ◽  
Distal Surface ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radiographic Changes

SummaryA controlled study was designed in order to evaluate the effects of medial patellar desmotomy (MPD), combined with exercise restriction, on clinically and radio-graphically normal femoropatellar joints, and to identify the patellar instability by radiographic examination. MPD was performed on the right hind limb and the horses were rested for 120 days. Both hind limbs were radiographed before surgery and at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after MPD, obtaining lateromedial, flexed lateromedial, caudocranial and cranioproximal-craniodistal (skyline) views. The femorotibial and femoropatellar angles were assessed on the lateromedial views, and the distance between the medial and lateral cortex of the femur, and the distance between the medial cortex of the femur and the lateral border of the patella were evaluated in the caudocranial views. An increase in the angle between the proximal articular surface of the patella and the cranial distal surface of the femur along with enthesophyte formation and lateral deviation of the patella were found on the radio-graphs of the right stifles after MPD. Therefore, MPD leads to patellar instability, which can be demonstrated by the radiographic changes. The 120 days rest did not prevent the lesions caused by postsurgical patellar instability.

Flexibility of the hamstring muscles and the position of thetrunk in boys training football

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Eliza Smoła ◽  
Katarzyna Wódka ◽  
Marta A. Bibro ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Ultrasound System ◽  
The Right

<p><b>Introduction: </b>The objective of the study was to assess the flexibility of the hamstring muscles and their relationship with the position of the spine, shoulder and pelvic girdles in individual planes in boys training football. <p><b>Material and methods: </b>The study included 28 boys aged 10-14, training football 3 times a week for at least 2 years. The subjects were divided into two groups: correct bilateral flexibility of the hamstring muscles, bilateral shortening of the hamstring muscles. Body height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. The three-dimensional position of the trunk was examined using the Zebris pointer ultrasound system. The passive straightleg- raising test was used to assess the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. <p><b>Results: </b>32% of people were diagnosed with the correct length of both hamstring muscles, 57% had shortened muscles in both limbs. Mean values determining the depth of thoracic kyphosis indicated its deepening in each of the groups, however, lower values were recorded in boys with reduced flexibility of the hamstring muscle mass. This group was also characterised by a better balance of the trunk in the sagittal plane. The average depth of lumbar lordosis in both groups was within the normal range. In the frontal plane, in both groups of footballers there was a tendency to lift the left shoulder (more frequent in the group with normal flexibility), the pelvis on the left side and shift the trunk to the right. <p><b>Conclusion: </b>Shortening of the hamstring muscles is common in boys who train football, but no evidence of a relationship between the limited flexibility of these muscles and the position of the trunk was found.

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