Parasite communities of the predatory fish, Acestrorhynchus falcatus and Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, living in sympatry in Brazilian Amazon

Abstract This study investigated the parasite communities of wild Acestrorhynchus falcatus and Acestrorhynchus falcirostris populations living in sympatry in Brazilian Amazon. In these two hosts, a total of 12 parasite species e 1-9 parasite species were found per fish, and 10 of these species are metazoans. Eight species of parasites were common to both host species and four of them exhibited differences in abundance and/or prevalence. Parasite communities of the hosts were taxonomically similar (83%) and composed of both ectoparasites and endoparasites, and characterized by high prevalence and high abundance of endoparasites and an aggregated dispersion pattern. For A. falcirostris, the dominant parasite was Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and for A. falcatus, it was Piscinoodinium pillulare. Shannon diversity and Berger-Parker dominance were similar for both hosts, while the parasites species richness and evenness showed differences influenced by the ectoparasites species. These two populations of hosts that inhabited the same geographical area had different sizes, but were exposed to the same infective stages, and acquired qualitatively and quantitatively similar endoparasites community, thus indicating that the amounts and types of prey congeneric that they were eating were similar. Therefore, the overlap in the same occurrence area play an important role in the parasite communities to these phylogenetically related hosts.

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Metazoan fauna parasitizing Peckoltia braueri and Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Loricariidae) catfishes from the northeastern Brazilian Amazon

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201603232 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 147-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adriele Carolina Franco CARDOSO ◽

Marcos Sidney Brito OLIVEIRA ◽

Ligia Rigôr NEVES ◽

Marcos TAVARES-DIAS

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Parasite Species ◽

River System ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Parasite Fauna ◽

Shannon Index ◽

The Body ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Northern Brazil

ABSTRACT This study investigated the metazoan parasite fauna in Peckoltia braueri and Pterygoplichthys pardalis from a tributary of the Amazon River system, in northern Brazil. In P. braueri, 630 parasites were collected, belonging to Unilatus unilatus, Nothogyrodactylus sp., Genarchella genarchella, Proteocephalus sp., Gorytocephalus elongorchis, Dolops longicauda and Hirudinea gen. sp., with a dominance of monogenean species. In P. pardalis, 120 parasites were collected, belonging to U. unilatus, Acanthostomum gnerii and Gorytocephalus elongorchis, and this acanthocephalan was the dominant species. In both hosts, the parasites presented clumped distribution, high prevalence, low abundance, low Shannon diversity, and low species richness, with a predominance of helminth species. In P. braueri, host length was positively correlated with parasite species richness and Shannon index. There was no difference in the body condition of parasitized and non-parasitized fishes in either host. This was the first report of these parasites in P. braueri and P. pardalis.

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Community of protozoans and metazoans parasitizing Auchenipterus nuchalis (Auchenipteridae), a catfish from the Brazilian Amazon

Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascibiolsci.v39i1.32836 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marcos Tavares Dias

Keyword(s):

Parasite Species ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

First Record ◽

Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽

Parasite Diversity ◽

Component Community ◽

Uniform Dispersion ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Mode Of Life ◽

Protozoan Species

This paper describes the first study on parasite diversity in Auchenipterus nuchalis Spix & Agassiz, 1829 (Auchenipteridae). In 31 fish caught in a tributary of the Amazon River, 10,708 parasites were collected, such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pilullare, Cosmetocleithrum striatuli, metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum sp, and larvae and adults of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus. These parasite species showed aggregated dispersion, except for C. striatuli, which had a uniform dispersion. The component community of parasites showed a low Brillouin diversity (0.67 ± 0.27), low species richness (3.5 ± 0.8) and low evenness (0.43 ± 0.17), and it was characterized by the presence of species with high prevalence and abundance. Protozoan species were the prevalent parasites, which may be a consequence of the host’s mode of life, while the low presence of endoparasites in A. nuchalis suggests that this fish may occupy an intermediate trophic level in the food web. These data represent the first record of such parasite species for this host.

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Are similar the parasite communities structure ofTrachelyopterus coriaceus and Trachelyopterus galeatus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) in the Amazon basin?

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612016016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 46-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wanderson Michel de Farias Pantoja ◽

Lenise Vargas Flores Silva ◽

Marcos Tavares-Dias

Keyword(s):

Amazon Basin ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽

Host Fish ◽

Parasite Communities ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Low Diversity ◽

Life Mode ◽

Mode Size ◽

Main Factors

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the parasite communities in two sympatric host populations, Trachelyopterus coriaceus andTrachelyopterus galeatus, which were caught in tributary of the Amazon River in Brazil. All the specimens of T. galeatusand T. coriaceus were infected by one or more parasites, such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Tripartiella tetramerii, Trichodina nobilis,Cosmetocleithrum striatuli, Contracaecumsp., Cystidicoloides sp., Dadaytremoides parauchenipteri and Gorytocephalus spectabilis. Seven species were common to both host fish, and there were 1-5 parasite species per host. In both hosts, trichodinids were dominant. Aggregate dispersion of ectoparasites and endoparasites was observed, with greater aggregation among endoparasites. Only the ectoparasites species showed differences in intensity and/or abundance. However, the parasite communities of the two hosts were taxonomically similar (99%) and characterized by high prevalence and high abundance of ectoparasites, but with low diversity, prevalence and abundance of endoparasites. Trachelyopterus galeatus, the host with the larger body size, presented greater variation of Brillouin diversity and evenness, while T. coriaceus had higher Berger-Parker dominance values and total numbers of parasites. This first study on these parasites ofT. galeatus and T. coriaceus showed that the life mode, size of the hosts and the availability of infective forms of the parasites were the main factors that influenced the parasite communities structure.

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Structure of the parasites communities in two Erythrinidae fish from Amazon river system (Brazil)

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 183-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Natália Milhomem Alcântara ◽

Marcos Tavares-Dias

Keyword(s):

Parasite Species ◽

River System ◽

Amazon River ◽

Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽

Hoplias Malabaricus ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Parasite Communities ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Erythrinidae Fish ◽

Hoplerythrinus Unitaeniatus

This study compared the parasite communities of Hoplias malabaricus and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus from Amazon river system. Hoplias malabaricus were infected by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Tetrahymena sp., Urocleidoides eremitus, Braga patagonica, metacercariae of Clinostomum marginatum, Procamallanus(Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, larvae of Contracaecum sp. and larvae of Nomimoscolex matogrossensis. Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus were also infected by these same species of protozoans, nematodes, digeneans and cestodes, except for Tetrahymena sp. and B. patagonica, which were replaced by Argulus pestifer, Urocleidoides sp., Whittingtonocotylecaetei, Whittingtonocotyle jeju and Gorytocephalus spectabilis. For both hosts, I. multifiliis and P. pillulare were the predominant parasites. Most of the parasites presented an overdispersion. Parasite species richness, Brillouin diversity, evenness and Berger-Parker dominance were similar for the two hosts. The length and weight of H. malabaricusshowed a positive correlation with the abundance of U. eremitusand Contracaecum sp., while the weight of H. unitaeniatus showed a positive correlation with the abundance of I. multifiliis. The diversity of ectoparasites seemed to be influenced by the behavior of these two hosts. This was shown by the similar parasite communities and was characterized by low species diversity, low evenness and low richness, and by a high prevalence of ectoparasites.

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Geographic and ontogenetic variations in parasite communities of intertidal fish species from the south-eastern Pacific coast

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x20000061 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

Author(s):

N.V. Leiva ◽

G. Muñoz ◽

M.T. González

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Central Area ◽

Geographic Ranges ◽

Northern Area ◽

Parasite Communities ◽

Intertidal Fish ◽

Mature Fish

Abstract Parasite composition can be affected by physiological and ecological changes during host ontogeny. Intertidal fish do not travel long distances and live in the same area throughout their lifetimes, meaning that parasite communities can differ across geographic ranges. The objective of this study was to analyse the parasite communities of three fish species (Hypsoblennius sordidus, Helcogrammoides cunninghami and Scartichthys viridis) collected from the Chilean coast. The composition of parasite species was compared among host ontogenetic stages (larvae, juveniles and mature fish) and geographic areas. A total of 184 larval, 252 juveniles and 217 mature individuals were collected in the northern area (c. 24°S), and 186 larval, 192 juveniles and 112 mature individuals from the central area (c. 33°S). Ectoparasites were most prevalent in fish from the central area, whereas endoparasites were most prevalent in the northern area. The parasite species richness varied significantly between geographical areas for H. sordidus and H. cunninghami, but the parasite composition varied significantly between geographical areas for all fish species analysed. Therefore, the geographical area was the most important factor determining the parasite composition of intertidal fish species. The absence of endoparasites in fish larvae and the increased infestation in juvenile and mature fish may be explained by the shift in habitat from the water column to intertidal pools where prey abundance and availability are higher. On the other hand, hydrographic barriers affecting prey distributions may also offer an explanation as to the differences in parasite composition.

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Intestinal helminth parasites in flounderPlatichthys flesusfrom the River Thames: an infracommunity analysis

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1079/joh2004255 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 297-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Guillen-Hernandez ◽

P.J. Whitfield

Keyword(s):

Parasite Species ◽

Parasite Community ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Component Community ◽

Parasite Communities ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Marine Influence ◽

River Thames

AbstractAn analysis was undertaken of intestinal helminth communities in flounderPlatichthys flesusfrom two sites on the River Thames. A comparison was made between helminth community richness and diversity from these sites at the component and infracommunity levels. At the component community level, a richer and more diverse parasite community was found in flounder from the Tilbury location (marine influence) than that from the Lots Road location (freshwater influence). At the infracommunity level, more parasite species and parasite individuals per host were found at Lots Road and the percentage of similarity values were low at both locations. Helminth species with high prevalence values in the parasite communities of the flounder are the dominant species in any individual fish, harbouring multi-specific infections. The presence of more invertebrate species, which are intermediate hosts in the helminth life cycle in the Thames, fish vagility and the high prevalence and abundance values ofPomphorhynchus laevisin the flounder, may explain the differences between the two locations.

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Distribution of intestinal parasitoses in relation to environmental and sociocultural parameters in La Plata, Argentina

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1079/joh2002142 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

M.I. Gamboa ◽

J.A. Basualdo ◽

M.A. Córdoba ◽

B.C. Pezzani ◽

M.C. Minvielle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Marginal Zone ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Socioeconomic Conditions ◽

La Plata ◽

Parasite Communities ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Degree Of Association

AbstractEnvironmental parameters influencing the distribution of parasite species in three neighbourhoods of differing socioeconomic conditions in La Plata, Argentina were analysed. Coproparasitological screenings were performed in children up to 14 years old from a marginal zone (100), a suburban neighbourhood (101), and an urban area (91) in 1999--2000. The presence of parasite species in environmental samples (water and soil) and the degree of association among parasite communities was documented and evaluated. The prevalence of infection in each population was 73.0%, 54.4% and 35.2%, respectively. The frequencies of helminths and pathogenic protozoa were both higher in the marginal zone, where sanitary and environmental conditions were significantly inferior compared with the other zones. The high prevalence of intestinal parasites in this infantile population was related to parasitic contamination of the soil and water sources in addition to deficient sanitary and sociocultural conditions. Calculation of an equitability index revealed that the specific richness was less equitable once socioeconomic conditions and hygienic practices were improved. This study demonstrates the need to implement management practices for the control of intestinal parasitoses in accordance with the environmental and sociocultural characteristics of a given ecosystem.

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First study on parasites of Hemibrycon surinamensis (Characidae), a host from the eastern Amazon region

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612014069 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 343-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maria Danielle Figueiredo Guimarães Hoshino ◽

Érico Melo Hoshino ◽

Marcos Tavares-Dias

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Body Condition ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Condition Factor ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽

Host Behavior ◽

Random Dispersion ◽

The Mean

This study was the first investigation of communities and infracommunities of parasites of Hemibrycon surinamensis. All the fish collected in a tributary of the Amazon river were parasitized by one or more parasite species. The Brillouin diversity index (HB) was 0.46 ± 0.28 and the mean species richness was 3.5 ± 1.2 parasites per host. A total of 14,734 parasites were collected, including Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Piscinoodinium pillulare (Protozoa); Jainus hexops and Tereancistrum sp. (Monogenoidea); Ergasilus turucuyus and Argulus sp. (Crustacea); metacercariae of Derogenidae gen. sp.; metacercariae and adults of Genarchella genarchella (Digenea); and Cucullanus larvae and Contracaecum larvae (Nematoda). The dominant parasite was I. multifiliis, followed by P. pillulare. The parasites showed aggregated dispersion, except for E. turucuyus, which had random dispersion. The condition factor (Kn) indicated that the parasitism levels had not affected host body condition. The high levels of infection observed were due to host behavior, and this was discussed. This was the first report of I. multifiliis, P. pillulare, Argulus sp., E. turucuyus, G. genarchella, J. hexops and Tereancistrum sp. in H. surinamensis, and it expanded the occurrence of E. turucuyus and G. genarchella to the eastern Amazon region.

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Comparison of the macroparasite communities of wild and stocked brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in the west of Ireland

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182001001330 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 124 (4) ◽

pp. 435-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C. J. BYRNE ◽

C. V. HOLLAND ◽

R. POOLE ◽

C. R. KENNEDY

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Parasite Species ◽

The West ◽

Parasite Communities ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽

Wild Trout ◽

Additional Sample ◽

West Of Ireland

The aim of the present study was to compare the helminth infra and component communities of wild and stocked brown trout in Lough Feeagh, in the west of Ireland, and also to examine the establishment and development of helminth communities in stocked brown trout. Fish were sampled in May, August and November 1997 and 1998 and an additional sample of wild brown trout was examined in April 1997. In total 217 wild trout and 122 stocked trout were examined. The acanthocephalans Acanthocephalus clavula and Pomphorhynchus laevis were the first parasite species to infect stocked trout in May 1997. In May 1998 both acanthocephalan species along with the trout specialists Eubothrium crassum and Crepidostomum farionis were the first to infect trout. Mean species richness values for stocked trout increased from May to November, in 1997 and 1998. For wild trout, mean species richness values increased from April to November, in 1997 and decreased from May to November in 1998. The parasite communities of wild trout were richer than those of stocked trout in May of both years. In August the parasite communities recorded for wild and stocked trout were similar in terms of the number of species present but differed in terms of structure, and in November the parasite communities of stocked trout were richer than those of wild trout.

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Diversity of metazoan parasites in fish Triportheus angulatus and Triportheus auritus living in sympatry in the Brazilian Amazon

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612021064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Author(s):

William Felix Borges ◽

Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira ◽

Marcos Tavares-Dias

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Community Structure ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Parasite Community ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Parasite Infection ◽

Sympatric Populations ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

Random Dispersion ◽

Host Parasite

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the diversity and community structure of metazoan parasites in sympatric populations of Triportheus angulatus and Triportheus auritus in the Jari River basin, in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. All the specimens of T. angulatus and T. auritus examined were infected by Anacanthorus furculus, Anacanthorus pithophallus, Digenea gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Rhabdochona acuminata, Contracaecum sp., Ergasilus sp. and Acarina gen. sp. These parasites displayed aggregated or random dispersion. The parasite community in T. angulatus and T. auritus presented a similarity of 78%. The diversity indice and richness of parasite species were greater in T. auritus and there were differences in levels of host parasite infection for some infracommunities. Phyllodistomum spatula occurred only in T. angulatus, while metacercariae of Clinostomum marginatum and Digenea gen. sp.2 occurred only in T. auritus. The species richness of the parasites was influenced by host size, as well as the abundance of some parasite infracommunities. This is the first report of these parasites for T. angulatus and T. auritus, except for P. (S.) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. for T. angulatus.

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