Determination of the structural characteristics in youngsters from Ceará with Class II, division 1 malocclusion

OBJECTIVE: To determine the structural characteristics of Caucasian youths from Ceará State, Northeastern Brazil, presenting with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion and to investigate whether there is gender dimorphism based on the cephalometric variables assessed. METHODS: By means of lateral cephalograms, it was possible to determine the cephalometric characteristics of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion in a sample of 50 Caucasian youths from Ceará State, Brazil, of both genders (25 male and 25 female), aged between 9 and 14 years, who had not received previous orthodontic treatment. Sixteen cephalometric measures were evaluated and a comparison was made between the experimental group (Class II) and the control group (Class I), a sample comprising 50 Caucasian children from the Brazilian State of Ceará, of both genders (22 male and 28 female), aged 9 to 13 years, obtained from research conducted at the Study Center of the Federal University of Ceará (UCCB), Department of Orthodontics. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the maxilla exhibited adequate positioning. The mandible showed a clear predominance of retrusion and dimensional changes in the sagittal direction. The facial vertical dimensions were increased. The maxillary incisors were well-positioned in their apical bases and with slight lingual inclination. The mandibular incisors were labially inclined and protruded. The study identified the presence of gender dimorphism in the following measures: P-Nperp, Co-A, Wits and ALFH.

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Alveolar and symphysis regions of patients with skeletal class II division 1 anomalies with different vertical growth patterns

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1698941 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 06 (02) ◽

pp. 123-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Elcin Esenlik ◽

Fidan Alakus Sabuncuoglu

Keyword(s):

Normal Subjects ◽

Class Ii ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Control Group ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Division 1 ◽

Main Factor ◽

Class Ii Division 1

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the alveolar and symphysis region properties in hyper-, hypo-, and normodivergent Class II division 1 anomaliesMethods: Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 111 young adult female patients with skeletal Class II division 1 anomalies were compared to those of 54 Class I normal subjects (control group). Class II cases were divided into hyperdivergent (n = 58), hypodivergent (n = 19), and normodivergent groups (n = 34). The heights and widths of the symphysis and alveolus and the depth of maxillary palate were measured on the lateral cephalogramsResults: Mean symphysis width was wider in the hypodivergent Class II group than in the other groups, while mean symphysis height was similar among all groups. Maxillary palatal depth, upper incisor angle, upper and lower molar alveolar heights, and Id–Id′ width were also similar among groupsConclusion: Symphysis width is the main factor in the differential diagnosis of Class II division 1 anomaly rather than symphysis height and hypodivergent Class II Division 1 anomaly is more suitable for mandibular incisors movements. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:123-132)

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Immediate Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Effects of the Crown- or Banded Type Herbst Appliance on Class II division 1 Malocclusion

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/031107-123.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 361-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Gregory A. Barnett ◽

Duncan W. Higgins ◽

Paul W. Major ◽

Carlos Flores-Mir

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Class Ii ◽

Control Group ◽

Herbst Appliance ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Division 1 ◽

Growth Changes ◽

Class Ii Division 1

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relative skeletal and dental changes produced by the crown- or banded-type Herbst appliance in growing Class II division 1 malocclusion cases. Materials and Methods: Several electronic databases were searched with the help of a health sciences librarian, without language limitation. Abstracts that appeared to fulfill the initial selection criteria (Herbst use and clinical trial) were selected by consensus, and their original articles were then retrieved. Clinical trials were selected that used lateral cephalograms to assess immediate skeletal and dental changes from the use of either crown or banded Herbst appliances. Clinical trials that employed other simultaneous potentially growth-modifying appliances or surgery were excluded. A comparable untreated Class II division 1 malocclusion control group was required to factor out normal growth changes. References from the selected articles were also hand searched. Results: Only three articles meet the selection criteria. Proclination and anterior movement of the lower incisors, overjet reduction, and improvement of first molar relationship thorough mesial movement of the first molars, reduction of ANB angle, and an increase in the mandibular plane angle were reported. There were mixed findings as to mandibular sagittal length and position and increases in lower face height, both anteriorly and posteriorly. No statistically significant changes were noted in the sagittal length or position of the skeletal maxilla. Conclusions: Dental changes have more impact than skeletal changes in the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusions with the crown or banded Herbst appliance.

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Angle Class II correction with MARA appliance

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000100011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 35-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kelly Chiqueto ◽

José Fernando Castanha Henriques ◽

Sérgio Estelita Cavalcante Barros ◽

Guilherme Janson

Keyword(s):

Young Patients ◽

Class Ii ◽

Occlusal Plane ◽

Control Group ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Division 1 ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test ◽

Class Ii Division 1

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects produced by the MARA appliance in the treatment of Angle's Class II, division 1 malocclusion. METHODS: The sample consisted of 44 young patients divided into two groups: The MARA Group, with initial mean age of 11.99 years, treated with the MARA appliance for an average period of 1.11 years, and the Control Group, with initial mean age of 11.63 years, monitored for a mean period of 1.18 years with no treatment. Lateral cephalograms were used to compare the groups using cephalometric variables in the initial and final phases. For these comparisons, Student's t test was employed. RESULTS: MARA appliance produced the following effects: Maxillary growth restriction, no change in mandibular development, improvement in maxillomandibular relationship, increased lower anterior facial height and counterclockwise rotation of the functional occlusal plane. In the upper arch, the incisors moved lingually and retruded, while the molars moved distally and tipped distally. In the lower arch, the incisors proclined and protruded, whereas the molars mesialized and tipped mesially. Finally, there was a significant reduction in overbite and overjet, with an obvious improvement in molar relationship. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the MARA appliance proved effective in correcting Angle's Class II, division 1 malocclusion while inducing skeletal changes and particularly dental changes.

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Dentoskeletal effects produced by a Jasper Jumper with an anterior bite plane

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/110115-737.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 775-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Turi Bassarelli ◽

Lorenzo Franchi ◽

Efisio Defraia ◽

Birte Melsen

Keyword(s):

Matched Control ◽

Class Ii ◽

Control Group ◽

Comprehensive Treatment ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Significant Movement ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Division 1 ◽

Student’S T ◽

Class Ii Division 1

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal effects produced by a modified Jasper Jumper with an anterior bite plane for the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A sample of 32 growing patients (mean age = 11.9 ± 1.4 years) with Class II division 1 malocclusion and increased overbite were treated with a modified Jasper Jumper (JJ) and anterior bite plane protocol and compared with a matched control group of 30 subjects with untreated Class II malocclusion (mean age 12.2 ± 0.8 years). Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment (T1) and at the end of comprehensive treatment (T2). Mean treatment duration was 2.1 ± 0.4 years. The T1–T2 changes in the two groups were compared with Student’s t-tests for independent samples. Results: The JJ group was successfully treated to a Class I occlusal relationship with a significant reduction in overjet (–3.9 mm, P < .001) and overbite (–3.1 mm, P < .001). The JJ group exhibited a significant increase in mandibular length and a significant improvement in maxillomandibular sagittal skeletal relationships. The lower incisors were significantly proclined, while the lower first molars demonstrated significant movement in a mesial direction. Conclusions: Use of a modified JJ appliance and anterior bite plane is an effective protocol for the treatment of Class II malocclusion with increased overbite and greater skeletal (75%) than dentoalveolar (25%) effects mainly at the mandibular level.

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Dentoskeletal effects of Twin Block appliance in patients with Class II malocclusion

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/mpr-1989 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahamad Irfanulla Khan ◽

Praveen Kumar Neela ◽

Nayeem Unnisa ◽

Ajit Kumar Jaiswal ◽

Nadeem Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Mandibular Growth ◽

Twin Block ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Division 1 ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Class Ii Division 1

Background and aim. Class II malocclusions are most commonly seen in orthodontic practice and in the recent times Twin Block appliance has been the most popular and widely used among removable functional appliances for the correction of Class II malocclusion in growing patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal effects produced by the Twin Block appliance for the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusion with retrognathic mandible. Methods. Pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) lateral cephalograms of 30 patients treated with Twin Block appliance (mean age = 10.8 ± 1.2 years) for the correction of class II division 1 malocclusion were compared with the 30 untreated class II control patients (mean age 11.2 ± 0.8 years) who did not undergo any treatment during this period. Both the groups were evaluated for the dentoskeletal changes using 24 angular and linear cephalometric measurements. The differences between the pre and post-treatment were calculated using a paired t-test. Results. The cephalometric analysis revealed that the Twin Block appliance stimulated mandibular growth and statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. Twin Block patients showed a statistically very high significant (p<0.001) increase in mandibular length (6.02 mm) compared with the control group (0.3 mm). ‘Headgear effect’ on the maxilla, increase in lower anterior facial height, significant reduction of overjet, overbite and Class I molar relationship was achieved in the Twin Block group. However, no significant changes appeared in the control group. Conclusion: The results of the present study conclude that the Twin Block appliance is effective in the treatment of Class II malocclusion and this is due to a combination of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in both the arches.

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Cephalometric characterization of skeletal Class II, division 1 malocclusion in white Brazilian subjects

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572005000200020 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcos Roberto de Freitas ◽

Marcos Antonio Cirino dos Santos ◽

Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas ◽

Guilherme Janson ◽

Daniel Salvatore de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sample Selection ◽

Class Ii ◽

Control Group ◽

Experimental Sample ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Division 1 ◽

Class Ii Division 1

One of the main points in Orthodontic studies is the growth and development of the craniofacial structures. In this study, skeletal cephalometric characteristics of Class II, division 1 malocclusion were assessed in lateral cephalograms. The experimental sample comprised 55 white Brazilian individuals of both genders, with an ANB angle of 4.5 degrees or higher. The mean age of the subjects was 13.5 years. Steiner and McNamara Jr cephalometric analyses were used in order to evaluate the relation between angular and linear positions of the apical bases, the dental and cranial structures, comparing with the values obtained in the control group (available at Bauru Dental School-USP). The results showed that, for the experimental group, the maxilla was well positioned in relation to the cranial base. The maxillomandibular relation showed an increased overjet, which was predictable based on criteria for sample selection. The geometrical proportion of the apical bases presented a small mandible and a normal sized maxilla. The craniofacial growth pattern presented a vertical tendency. The maxillary incisors were buccally inclined and well positioned by the linear evaluation. The mandibular incisors showed marked buccal inclination and protrusion. No statistically significant difference between genders was found.

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Evaluation of tongue posture & dimensions in relation to skeletal Class I and Class II patterns- A cephalometric study

International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry ◽

10.18231/j.ijohd.2021.054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 276-281

Author(s):

Puja Khanna ◽

Sumit Chhabra ◽

Preeti Munjal ◽

Sunny Mittal ◽

Nishtha Arora

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Control Group ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Division 1 ◽

Skeletal Pattern ◽

Bonferroni Test ◽

Class Ii Division 1

Association of tongue posture with dental and facial skeletal pattern have been suggested in past. This study was undertaken to assess tongue posture and dimensions in Class I and Class II Dentoskeletal patterns to determine whether any correlation exists between tongue posture and skeletal pattern of an individual. Cephalograms of 150 individuals (aged 18-23 years), taken in Natural Head Position (NHP) and tongue at rest were divided into three groups i.e. Group 1 – Class I Normal occlusion, Group 2 – Class II Division 1 Normodivergent and Group 3 – Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent, consisting of 50 samples each. To ensure the rest position of tongue, patient was asked to relax for 30 seconds after coating the tongue with barium sulphate in midline and then to swallow, and the X-ray was taken at the end of swallowing. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to sex. Groups were constituted according to the Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA) angle. The subjects who had skeletal Class II pattern due to mandibular retrusion and not due to maxillary prognathism were only included in the study group. Statistical analysis was done using the software SPSS version 21.0. The statistical tests used were unpaired t-test and One-way ANOVA test with post-hoc bonferroni test. The p-value was considered significant if less than 0.05.The dorsum of the tongue was higher at back and lower in front in Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent group as compared to Class I Normal occlusion group (P<.05). Tongue height and tongue length were significantly reduced in Class II Division 1 Normodivergent and Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent malocclusion groups when compared to Class I control group (P<.05).The study supports the existence of a relationship between posture & dimensions of the tongue with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns.

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Facial esthetic outcome of functional followed by fixed orthodontic treatment of class II division 1 patients

Progress in Orthodontics ◽

10.1186/s40510-019-0294-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mary-Eleni Zouloumi ◽

Kleopatra Tsiouli ◽

Simeon Psomiadis ◽

Olga-Elpis Kolokitha ◽

Nikolaos Topouzelis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Facial Appearance ◽

Twin Block ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Division 1 ◽

Wilks Lambda ◽

Facial Changes ◽

Class Ii Division 1

Abstract Objectives To assess the perceived facial changes in class II division 1, convex profile patients treated with functional followed by fixed orthodontic appliances. Subjects and methods The study sample consisted of 36 pairs of pre- and post-treatment photographs (frontal and profile, at rest) of 12 patients treated with activator, 12 with twin-block, and 12 controls with normal profiles, treated without functional appliances. All photographs were presented in pairs to 10 orthodontists, 10 patients, 10 parents, and 10 laypersons. Visual analog scale (VAS) ratings of changes in facial appearance were assessed. Results The patient groups were similar in sex distributions, age, and treatment duration. The different rater groups showed strong to excellent agreement. There were no significant differences among treatment groups (F = 0.91; P = 0.526; Wilks lambda = 0.93), raters (F = 1.68; P = 0.054; Wilks lambda = 0.83), and when testing the combined effect of treatment and rater on the results (F = 0.72; P = 0.866; Wilks lambda = 0.85). The raters detected slightly more positive changes in the activator and twin-block groups, compared to the control group, regarding the lower face and the lips, but these findings did not reach significance. Furthermore, their magnitude hardly exceeded 1/20th of the total VAS length. Limitations Retrospective study design. Conclusions The perceived facial changes of convex profile patients treated with functional, followed by fixed orthodontic appliances, did not differ from those observed in normal profile patients, when full-face frontal and profile photos were simultaneously assessed. Consequently, professionals should be skeptical regarding the improvement of a patient’s facial appearance when this treatment option is used.

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Upper Airway Dimensions in Class II Malocclusion

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/081406-332 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 1046-1053 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Mirja Kirjavainen ◽

Turkka Kirjavainen

Keyword(s):

Treatment Time ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Division 1 ◽

Upper Airway Structure ◽

Class Ii Division 1

Abstract Objective: To study the effects of cervical headgear treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion on upper airway structures in children. Materials and Methods: Forty children aged 9.1 (7.2–11.5) years with Class II division 1 malocclusion were treated using a cervical headgear as the only treatment appliance. The headgear consisted of a long outer bow bent 15° upward and a large inner bow expanded 10 mm larger than the intermolar distance. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after the treatment. Upper airway structures were estimated from the cephalograms. The results were compared to cross-sectional data of 80 age-matched controls with a Class I molar relationship. Results: A Class I molar relationship was achieved in all treated children. The mean treatment time was 1.6 (0.3–3.1) years. The Class II malocclusion was accompanied by a similar or wider nasopharyngeal space than in the controls but narrower oro- and hypopharyngeal spaces. The retropalatal area was widened by the treatment (P < .05), whereas the rest of the oropharynx and hypopharynx remained narrower than in the controls. Before the treatment, the mandibular plane was in a more horizontal position than in the controls, but during the treatment, it rotated to a position similar to that of the controls. Conclusion: Class II division 1 malocclusion is associated with a narrower upper airway structure even without retrognathia. Headgear treatment is associated with an increase in the retropalatal airway space.

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Two Different Applications of Class II Elastics with Nonextraction Segmental Techniques

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/071006-283 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 694-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aslihan Uzel ◽

Ilter Uzel ◽

M. Serdar Toroglu

Keyword(s):

Treatment Time ◽

Control Period ◽

Class Ii ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Facial Height ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Division 1 ◽

The Mean ◽

Class Ii Elastics

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relative effects of Class II elastics applied directly with utility arches (UAs) or with the Reciprocal Mini–Chin Cup (RMCC) appliance. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion were included. Fifteen of them were treated with the RMCC appliance and the other 15 treated with Class II elastics on UAs. Lateral cephalograms of an additional 15 untreated persons having the same characteristics as the treatment groups were used as a control group. Results: The mean control period was 10 months. Class I molar and canine relationships were achieved in a mean treatment time of 4.6 months with the RMCC appliance and in 8.5 months with the elastics on UAs. The amount of overjet reduction was 4.7 mm in the RMCC group (87.87% dental) and 5.2 mm in the UA group (80.76% dental). The molar correction was 4.5 mm in the RMCC group (87.36% dental) and 2.0 mm in the UA group (51.47% dental). The anterior lower facial height increased in both of the treatment groups. Conclusions: The RMCC appliance is a valuable alternative for Class II elastic use in Class II cases in which the upper molars need to be moved to the distal more than the upper incisors.

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