scholarly journals Grain Reconstruction of Palladium and Palladium-Nickel Alloys for Platinum Catchment

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-246
Author(s):  
A. Slagtern Fjellvåg ◽  
D. Waller ◽  
J. Skjelstad ◽  
A. Olafsen Sjåstad
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plant Reactor

Platinum-rhodium gauzes are frequently used to catalyse the high temperature ammonia oxidation step for production of synthetic nitrogen-based fertilisers. The gauzes suffer from Pt loss in the form of platinum dioxide (PtO2), due to the highly exothermic nature of the oxidation reaction. Industrially this is mitigated by installing one or more palladium-nickel catchment gauzes directly downstream of the combustion gauzes, to capture the lost Pt. The Pd-Ni catchment gauzes undergo severe structural modification during operation. In this study, we undertake a systematic study in a laboratory-scale furnace system to determine the role of each of the constituent gases O2, H2O and PtO2 on the structural changes of the Pd-Ni gauzes. In addition, some samples are exposed to real industrial conditions in an ammonia combustion pilot plant reactor. Fresh and spent catchment gauzes are analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy/optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-MS/OES). By combining analysis of samples from furnace and pilot scale experiments, the main findings are that Pd-Ni gauzes undergo internal oxidation to nickel(II) oxide (NiO); which in the presence of steam results in Ni depletion and that PtO2 vapour causes severe grain reconstruction. Furthermore, in laboratory-scale experiments no significant Pd loss is observed, which is in contrast to observations from the pilot plant where the samples are exposed to real post-ammonia oxidation conditions. Pd loss is likely attributed to some gas species contained in the real post-ammonia oxidation gas stream.

scholarly journals P2O5-Free Cerium Containing Glasses: Bioactivity and Cytocompatibility Evaluation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3267
Author(s):  
Gigliola Lusvardi ◽  
Francesca Sgarbi Stabellini ◽  
Roberta Salvatori
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Doped Glasses ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sbf Solution ◽  
Xrd Techniques

(1) Background: valuation of the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of P2O5-free and CeO2 doped glasses. (2) Methods: all glasses are based on the Kokubo (K) composition and prepared by a melting method. Doped glassed, K1.2, K3.6 and K5.3 contain 1.2, 3.6, and 5.3 mol% of CeO2. Bioactivity and cytotoxicity tests were carried out in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and murine osteocyte (MLO-Y4) cell lines, respectively. Leaching of ions concentration in SBF was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The surface of the glasses were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. (3) Results: P2O5-free cerium doped glasses are proactive according to European directives. Cerium increases durability and retards, but does not inhibit, (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA) formation at higher cerium amounts (K3.6 and K5.3); however, cell proliferation increases with the amount of cerium especially evident for K5.3. (4) Conclusions: These results enforce the use of P2O5-free cerium doped bioactive glasses as a new class of biomaterials.

Advantages, drawbacks and applications of mixed Ar–N2 sources in inductively coupled plasma-based techniques: an overview

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 6170-6182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Scheffler ◽  
D. Pozebon
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

This review deals with mixed gas Ar–N2 plasmas, highlighting advantages, limitations and applications of them in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques, covering publications in the last three decades.

scholarly journals Multi-element analysis of Macedonian wines by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (IP–OES) for regional classification

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Ivanova-Petropulos ◽  
Helmar Wiltsche ◽  
Trajče Stafilov ◽  
Marina Stefova ◽  
Herber Motter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Major, minor, and trace elements in wines from the Republic of Macedonia were determined in this study. Both inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma– optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used for accurate determination of the concentration of 42 elements (Ag, Al, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Ho, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pr, S, Sm, Tb, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, Yb, Zn, Zr) in 25 Macedonian white, rose, and red wines from different wine regions. By means of factor and cluster analyses, the wines were discriminated according to wine type (white vs. red) and geographical origin. The main discriminant elements were B, Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, and S. 

scholarly journals The effect of collecting area on the element content of Hungarian acacia honeys

2018 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Nikolett Czipa ◽  
Andrea Kántor ◽  
Loránd Alexa ◽  
Béla Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
One Way Anova

Six macroelements and twelve microelements were identified in thirty-six Hungarian acacia honeys collected from ten counties by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). One-Way ANOVA (LSD and Dunnett T3 test) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to determine the statistically verified differences among the honey samples with different geographical origin. Significant differences were established among the samples from different counties in Na, P, S, Fe, Ni, Cu and Sr concentrations. Based on the macroelement content of honeys, the separation of samples with different geographical origin was not successful because the percent of correctly categorised cases was only 64.9%. However, examining the As, B, Ba, Cu, Fe Mn, Ni and Sr concentration, the separation of different groups was convincing since the percent of correctly classified cases was 97.2%. Thus, the examination of microelement concentration may be able to determine the geographical origin of acacia honeys.

scholarly journals Petrography and Geochemistry of the Banded Iron Formation of the Gangfelum Area, Northeastern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Anthony Temidayo Bolarinwa
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Iron Precipitation ◽  
Icp Ms

The Gangfelum Banded Iron Formation (BIF) is located within the basement complex of northeastern Nigeria. It is characterized by alternate bands of iron oxide and quartz. Petrographic studies show that the BIF consist mainly of hematite, goethite subordinate magnetite and accessory minerals including rutile, apatite, tourmaline and zircon. Chemical data from inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) show that average Fe2O3(t) is 53.91 wt.%. The average values of Al2O3 and CaO are 1.41 and 0.05 wt.% respectively, TiO2 and MnO are less than 0.5 wt. % each. The data suggested that the BIF is the oxide facies type. Trace element concentrations of Ba (67-332 ppm), Ni (28-35 ppm), Sr (13-55 ppm) and Zr (16-25 ppm) in the Gangfelum BIF are low and similar to the Maru and Muro BIF in northern Nigeria and also the Algoma iron formation from North America, the Orissa iron oxide facies of India and the Itabirite from Minas Gerais in Brazil. The evolution of the Gangfelum BIF involved metamorphism of chemically precipitated or rhythmically deposited iron-rich sediments into hematite-quartz rocks. The banding of the BIF suggested a break in iron precipitation probably due to iron oxide deficiency. 

Nanosecond laser ablation tandem inductively coupled plasma mass and optical emission spectrometry for micro-chemical elemental analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2246-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelian Gong ◽  
Saijun Sun ◽  
Jibin Zhou ◽  
Congyin Li ◽  
Xu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Concentration Determination ◽  
Nanosecond Laser Ablation ◽  
Icp Ms

Simultaneous in situ concentration determination by LA-ICP-MS and LA-ICP-OES.

Comparison of Corrosion Products from Implant and Various Gold-based Abutment Couplings: The Effect of Gold Plating

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilde Duarte Silva ◽  
Terry R. Walton ◽  
Ghada O. Alrabeah ◽  
Danielle M. Layton ◽  
Haralampos Petridis
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Crevice Corrosion ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Gold Plating ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Icp Ms

ABSTRACTThis study compared Ti, Pd, Pt, Au ion release following induced accelerated tribocorrosion from 3 gold alloy abutment groups coupled to titanium implants over time; investigated contacting surface structural changes; and explored the effect of gold plating. Three abutment groups: G (n=8, GoldAdaptTM, Nobel Biocare®), N (n=8, cast UCLA, Biomet3i™), P (n=8, cast UCLA, Biomet3i™, gold plated), coupled to implants (Nobel Biocare®), immersed in 1% lactic acid were cyclically loaded. Ions released (ppb) at T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , simulating 3, 5 and 12 months function were quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and compared. Surface degradation and fretted particle composition after T 3 were evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). ICP-MS data was non-parametric, expressed as medians and interquartile ranges. SEM/EDX showed pitting, crevice corrosion and fretted particles on the components. Released ion concentrations in all groups across time significantly decreased for Pd (p<0.001, medians ranged 1.70 to 0.09), Pt (p=0.021, 0.55 to 0.00) and Au (p<0.001, 1.01 to 0.00); and increased for Ti (p=0.018, 2.49 to 5.84). Total Ti release was greater than other ions combined for G (p=0.012, 9.86 vs 2.30) and N (p<0.001, 13.59 vs 5.70), but not P (p=0.141, 8.21 vs 3.53). Total Ti release did not differ between groups (p=0.36), but was less variable across Group P. On average, total ion release was 13.77 (8.91 to 26.03 IQR) ppb across the 12-month simulation. Tribocorrosion of titanium implants coupled with gold abutments in a simulated environment was evidenced by fretted particles, pitting and crevice corrosion of the coupling surfaces and release of ions. More Ti was released compared with Pd, Pt and Au; and continued to increase with time. Abutment composition influenced ion release. Gold plated abutments appeared to subdue variation in and minimize high concentration spikes of titanium.

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