Gender Gaps in the Labor Market and Economic Growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Richard Agenor ◽  
Kamer Karakurum Ozdemir ◽  
Emmanuel Pinto Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Gaps

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

scholarly journals Shrinking gender wage gaps in the Brazilian labor market: an application of the APC approach

Nova Economia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Haussmann ◽  
◽  
André Braz Golgher ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Wage Gaps ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Abstract Labor ◽  
Wage Equations

Abstract: Labor market literature attests that men tend to earn more than women in similar occupations in Brazil and elsewhere. However, some recent trends that have occurred in Brazil promote the narrowing of gender gaps in the labor market. This paper analyzes this issue empirically with the use of PNADs, Mincerian wage equations, and a hierarchical model based on the Age-Period-Cohort approach. We observed that gender wage gaps were shrinking and, although there might still be an unexplained advantage for men in the labor market, the evolution of women's endowments for the labor market and the decrease in labor market segregation significantly compensated for this difference. Due to these trends, after controlling for cohort differences, we observed non-significant gender wage gaps in some models.

scholarly journals HUMAN CAPITAL AND ITS ROLE IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelyzaveta Snitko ◽  
Yevheniia Zavhorodnia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The development of a modern economy, in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, is impossible without the accumulation and development of human capital, since the foundation of the transformation of the economic system in an innovative economy is human capital. In this regard, the level of development and the efficiency of using human capital are of paramount importance. This article attempts to assess the role of human capital in the fourth industrial revolution. In the future, human talent will play a much more important role in the production process than capital. However, it will also lead to a greater division of the labor market with a growing gap between low-paid and high-paid jobs, and will contribute to an increase in social tensions. Already today, there is an increase in demand for highly skilled workers, especially in high-income countries, with a decrease in demand for workers with lower skills and lower levels of education. Analysis of labor market trends suggests that the future labor market is a market where there is simultaneously a certain demand for both higher and lower skills and abilities, combined with the devastation of the middle tier. The fourth industrial revolution relies heavily on the concept of human capital and the importance of finding complementarity between human and technology. In assessing the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, the relationship between technology, economic growth and human resources was examined. The analysis was carried out in terms of three concepts of economic growth, technological change and human capital. Human capital contributes to the advancement of new technologies, which makes the concept of human capital an essential factor in technological change. The authors emphasize that the modern economy makes new demands on workers; therefore it is necessary to constantly accumulate human capital, develop it through continuous learning, which will allow the domestic economy to enter the trajectory of sustainable economic growth. The need to create conditions for a comprehensive increase in the level of human capital development is noted.

Assessing Gender Gaps on ICT Competences in Four European Countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 132-153
Author(s):  
Maria Sarmento ◽  
Diego Galego ◽  
Marta Alexandra da Costa Ferreira Dias ◽  
Marlene Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Youth Employability

ICT competences still represent a “stigma” attached to gender around the world. This chapter focuses an analysis on the gender gaps and ICT competences to the access workforce, by analyzing data collected in four European countries (Portugal, Poland, Lithuania and Cyprus) in the scope of a Project “EU Youth: From theory to action (ActYouth).” Within the purpose of answering the hypothesis in understanding, the youth employability, and gender division in the labor market in different regions in Europe, statistical methods were selected and tested. The 537 responses were acquired by questionnaires and interviews and analyzed concerning ICT competences. Data shows that students self-assessment and employer's perspectives of important competences for entry in the labor market. Therefore, an importance performance analysis (IPA) was performed considering the four competences, comparing importance (employers) with performance (students) of competences, and then presented by gender for each analyzed country.

scholarly journals FDI Environment in China: A Critical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Manuel Fernandez ◽  
Aysha Abdulla Ahmed Aljeed Alnuaimi ◽  
Robinson Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The World

Investors prefer to invest in assets and places that offer attractive returns and are relatively less risky. China is one of the countries with the highest economic growth and is trying to attract investors from all corners of the world to invest and participate in the growth of China. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the position of China as a destination for FDI, the factors that attract FDI into China, and the factors that hinder the flow of FDI into China. It also proposes to examine whether the attractiveness of China is increasing or is it on the decline and the rationale behind it. This study is based on secondary data, covers a period of five years, and analysis various determinants of FDI. The study reveals that China has the potential, political stability, and an organized financial system, but its market has started to shrink as the population growth is declining, the labor cost is increasing, labor market efficiency is decreasing, economic growth and infrastructure developments are decelerating, and corporate and individual tax rates are high.

Economic growth, labor market and demographic patterns

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Roa ◽  
Dulce Saura ◽  
Francisco J. Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Demographic Patterns
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