PROSPECTS OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF DNIPROPETROVSK REGION

A global imperative that is especially relevant for Ukraine in view of the social, environmental and economic challenges of sustainable development is to ensure sustainable development. Therefore, addressing the topic of prospects for the development of infrastructure in the country's regions, given the fact that Ukraine is currently moving towards the implementation of a wide range of reforms aimed at improving the welfare of the population is a very important topic. First, because the components of the infrastructure are the main principles of quality of life, which affect the level of satisfaction of citizens. Secondly, a highly developed infrastructure complex is able to bring the country to a whole new European level of development. In terms of infrastructure development, the following priority areas are: housing and communal services, transport and communications, medicine, education, recreation system, ecology, social security, culture, as the most important systems that ensure the gradual sustainable development of each region, and the country as a whole. Despite the sufficient attention of state and regional authorities to the development of infrastructure in many regions of the country, there are still problems of existing infrastructure facilities, such as - educational, cultural, sports, medical, preschool educational institutions and schools, hospitals, etc. The degree of wear of which sometimes reaches 60%. In addition, there are problems with the provision of urban and regional transport to meet the existing needs of residents of the city and its remote areas, which provokes significant time to travel, and so on. In general, the quality of most social infrastructure facilities leaves much to be desired, which determines the high degree of relevance of the topic of this article. The article analyzes the current state of educational institutions, health care and transport infrastructure of the Dnipropetrovsk region, identifies urgent problems. In addition, the problems of the development of transport infrastructure (insufficient number of transport units, its unsatisfactory technical condition, frequent breakdowns, high level of wear, etc.) are highlighted, which requires taking measures to increase the level of accessibility and comfort of transport in the region.

USING TOPSIS METHODS FOR SELECTION OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLIER

Different spheres of application of TOPSIS methods are considered by the author based on the literature review. The characteristics of TOPSIS methods for the selection of electricity supplier in Ukrainian energy market, which was launched in 2019, are studied in the article. The proposed methodological approach could be used by the enterprises, which consume electricity, buying it from suppliers on the energy market. The general problem statement for multi-criteria optimization in order to evaluate electricity suppliers is formulated by the author. The main stages of the TOPSIS method procedure are considered in the article, among which are identification of decision matrix, normalization of decision matrix, calculation of weighted normalized decision matrix, identification of “ideal” and “ideal-negative” expected state, distances calculation and calculation of related proximity to the “ideal” state. According to the obtained indicator of proximity the ranking of the researched objects should be conducted. It is highlighted in the article that the cost factor does not have significant influence in the process of the electricity supplier selection. The indicators, according to which the assessment of electricity suppliers is carried out, are given. The author proposes to use the indicators of enterprises’ efficiency, business activity, solvency, as well as financial results and profitability. Among these indicators the author identifies stimulators and destimulators, the maximization or minimization of which serve as criteria for managerial decision-making. The weights of the criteria are identified using the entropy method, which gives objective results comparing to the methods, which use experts’ opinions. The application of the proposed methodological approach is carried out in the article on the example of 43 enterprises. The obtained indicator of relative proximity to the ideal object allowed ranking the researched enterprises. The best and the worst alternative of electricity suppliers are identified, which could be used in the process managerial decision-making.

APPLICATION OF PROJECT APPROACH AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF AN ENTERPRISE

This article is devoted to the consideration of the issue of possibilities for the application of the project approach as a tool of the anti-crisis management system of the enterprise. The essential aspects of anti-crisis management as a separate direction of management activity at the enterprise are considered. Within the framework of the work, the main problems of the formation of effective anti-crisis management systems among domestic enterprises have been identified, which are becoming increasingly important in the context of the instability of the external environment. The content of the project approach to the implementation of management is analyzed, which consists in ensuring the structuredness, consistency and efficiency of the process of implementing certain measures of an organizational or economic nature. The main levels are highlighted within which the project approach is advisable to use, namely the methodological level, the resource level and the organizational level. The possibilities of effective integration of the project approach into the system of anti-crisis management of the enterprise have been substantiated by comparing and detailed characteristics of the basic needs of anti-crisis management, arising from the existing problems of its implementation, together with the key properties inherent in the project approach. The main groups of stakeholders interested in using the project approach in anti-crisis management of an enterprise have been identified, which include shareholders and owners, creditors, top management, personnel and consumers of the enterprise's products. The key features of the project approach in the system of anti-crisis management of an enterprise are characterized from the standpoint of potential positive impacts during its implementation in business practice, and potential constraints that can interfere with the relevant processes are analyzed. The sequence of implementation of the integration of the project approach into the system of anti-crisis management of the enterprise has been developed, includes six stages for the development, preparation, planning, implementation, control, assessment and adjustment of the corresponding process.

DIAGNOSIS OF THE LEVEL OF FINANCIAL DECENTRALIZATION OF LOCAL BUDGETS ON THE BASIS OF INTEGRAL EVALUATION

The process of implementing socio-economic change at the local level is closely linked to administrative reform and financial decentralization as important tools for regulating and allocating budget funds. Problems of reforming the administrative-territorial system, the formation of budgetary policy of the regions with the expansion of powers should be based on the development of regional strategies and a comprehensive analysis of financial resources. Approaches to the economic analysis of the efficiency of the allocation of financial resources in the context of decentralization reform are becoming increasingly important. The analysis of individual indicators somewhat narrows the perception of economic processes and does not allow to assess the level of provision of funds of administrative-territorial units by areas and in general. The issues of improving the methods and tools for assessing the financial resources of local budgets in the context of decentralization are becoming important. The article proposes improved approaches to the analysis of the level of financial decentralization of local budgets on the basis of aggregate indicators by areas. The technique allows analyzing the state of resource-functional components over time. The application of integrated assessment contributes to the objective characterization of the level of financial security of the regions, the revision and development of economic opportunities in the context of limited resources of local budgets. The proposed approach contributes to the formation of an objective description of the level of financial security of the region, and hence the financial opportunities for self-development. The methodology reveals the state of resource-functional components, the dynamics of deviations of integral values, allows monitoring of quantitative benchmarks to achieve the desired level of financial stability of regions and allows focusing on objective reasons for real financial decentralization in Ukraine. The results of the analysis focus on the assessment of regional development trends in the context of financial decentralization and form the need for further research in this direction.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR MANAGING MARKETING TESTING OF MARKET PROSPECTS PRODUCT INNOVATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The success of innovation activities of industrial enterprises to create product innovations depends on many factors. One of the main factors in this list is an objective assessment of their market prospects. This assessment can be carried out using the procedure of marketing testing, as it contains necessary methodological support and tools to determine the commercial prospects of product innovation at each stage of the innovation cycle. The effectiveness of marketing testing largely depends on how successfully organized this process in the enterprise, which actualizes the development of organizational and economic mechanism for managing marketing testing of market prospects for product innovations. This research is devoted to this question. The article presents the organizational and economic mechanism for managing marketing testing of market prospects of product innovations of industrial enterprises. The developed mechanism contains: subsystem of information support (internal and external information), target subsystem (tasks and purposes, criteria and principles of management of marketing testing), control subsystem (subjects which carry out management and functions which they carry out), the managed subsystem (divisions of the enterprise). Involved in marketing testing), providing a subsystem (methods and resources of management) and a subsystem of controlling the procedure of marketing testing of market prospects of product innovations. The mechanism also includes a subsystem of marketing testing, which consists of the author’s theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the market prospects of product innovations at the stages of the innovation cycle of their development. It is based on the following approaches: theoretical and methodological approach to foresight research of future needs in product innovations; theoretical and methodological approach to the criterion base of evaluation and selection from a number of alternatives of innovative projects for the development of product innovations; theoretical and methodological approach to marketing testing and evaluation of market prospects of product innovations; theoretical and methodological approach to the diagnosis and strengthening of consumer capital of the enterprise; methodical approach, by which decisions are made on the readiness of product innovations to enter the market and complete the work on the procedure of marketing testing. The marketing testing mechanism contains the relationships between the subsystems (influence, coordination, and adjustment, feedback) to obtain an overall result. The result of the implementation of the proposed mechanism is tested for market success, developed product innovation, which is ready for commercialization, which is predicted to succeed, and the developer, thus, will receive all planned revenues and profits from its sale on the market. The conducted analysis is a future basis for the implementation of the developed organizational and economic testing mechanism in the practical activities of domestic innovative industrial enterprises.

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION AND VALUATION OF INSURANCE RESERVES

The purpose of the paper is research of practice of making insurance reserves of the insurance companies in Ukraine and summarizes the ways of improvement of methods for their calculation with the purpose of increasing management efficiency of an organization. The article addresses the characteristics and economic nature of certain types of technical reserves of insurance organizations in particular the unencumbered premiums reserve, the loss reserve and the catastrophe reserve, and the characteristics of their formation. Major methods for calculating the reserve of unencumbered premiums reviewed and recommended adjustment to method 1/36 , and use of the reserve calculation method of unencumbered premiums, which takes into account inflation ratio. The method of calculation and formation of the loss reserve is considered as well as the characteristics of the reserve for past but undeclared losses and reserves for asserted but unresolved losses. The system of indicators of sufficiency of insurance reserves of insurance organizations was analyzed; the calculation formulae and recommended values are given. Insurance reserves sufficiency ratios refers to the status of insurance reserves and determine the adequacy of insurance reserves to the risks taken into insurance. Sufficiency ratio (based on premiums) and sufficiency ratio (based on payments) determine, respectively, the upper and lower limits of insurance reserves. For conducting research and substantiation of relevant conclusions, the indicators of dynamics and structure of insurance reserves of insurance company JSC IC “INGO” are analyzed. Sufficiency ratios for insurance reserves of JSC IC “INGO” are also calculated and Evaluation of the company’s insurance reserves has been performed. The results of the study can be applied by the heads of the financial divisions of insurance companies for the development of tactical and strategic decisions that allows to yield optimal condition of insurance reserves and their reliable valuation of insurance company and to perform the quick analysis of the state of insurance reserves of insurance company.

ASSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL PROVISION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION ОF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN UKRAINE

The article analyses the main sources of financial provision for the social protection of persons with disabilities in Ukraine, including their own resources, budget resources at all levels and resources of enterprises of all forms of ownership; social trust funds, funds of charitable and social organizations and other sources. It is justified that socially oriented objects of expenditure are growing and account for a significant share in the structure of expenditure of the state budget. An analysis of the expenditure of local budgets on the social protection of persons with disabilities showed that expenditure in this area has been increasing since 2015, owing to the reform of decentralization. An evaluation of the activities of civil society organizations of persons with disabilities showed a decrease in the number of persons with disabilities who are employed and in the proportion of expenditures allocated to the social needs of persons with disabilities. Measures to improve the social protection and welfare of persons with disabilities in Ukraine are also financed from social welfare funds. Analysis of the provision of medical and social services by the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine shows an increase in the number of persons with disabilities as a result of an industrial accident and an increase in the cost of medical and social services. It has been established that financial provision for the social protection of persons with disabilities from charitable organizations is provided in most cases in the form of targeted charitable assistance. The structure of the recipients of charitable assistance by category showed that the proportion of people with special needs among the recipients of charitable assistance was about 10 per cent. On the basis of the study, a number of problems affecting the well-being of persons with disabilities have been identified. Priorities have been set for the development of financial provision for the social protection of persons with disabilities. These include improving the targeting of social assistance, development of locally funded social protection programs, enhancing the social and labour integration of persons with disabilities, gender mainstreaming in the financial provision of social protection for persons with disabilities.

MODERN LENDING OF AGRICULTURE

The purpose of the article is to study the main problems of lending to agro-industrial enterprises with state support in market relations and propose measures to implement a new mechanism of subsidized and compensatory budget support for agriculture, aimed at its effective functioning. Historically, Ukraine is an agro-industrial country with rich natural resources and opportunities. However, to make a decent profit, the agro-industrial complex needs regular cash infusions and complete modernization. Given these factors, farmers in Ukraine are increasingly resorting to such an ancillary method as a loan for agricultural development. The long history of the Ukrainian economy, multiplied by current trends in crop production and animal husbandry, forces banks to consider lending to agriculture as a promising profitable business, which can and should be lent. The urgency of the study is due to the growing need to address one of the priority sectors of the economy-agriculture, by increasing the role and availability of credit for farmers, improving lending conditions, improving the efficiency of monetary institutions lending to agricultural enterprises, as well as development forms of their support. Problems of improving the lending system, investment activity of enterprises, lending mechanism and state regulation in the field of agriculture were covered in the works of a number of scientists and practitioners: G. Bezorna, H. Borkhunov, I. Buzdalov, A. Gataulin, A. Golovanov, A. Gordeeva, L. Kolichev, K. Koroleva, A. Kupavykh, D. Murzin, E. Mezentsev, A. Ponomareva, E. Sagaidak, A. Sidoruk, Y. Trushin, D. Epstein and some others. In the foreign economic literature, the main attention is paid to the forms of state support for agricultural producers, assessment of the impact of subsidies in terms of efficient use of public funds and the functioning of agricultural banks, but at the level of microfinance. These problems are reflected in the works of foreign authors: N. Gow, K. Hoff, M. Zeller, A. Sarris, J. Swinnen, J. Stiglitz, J. Yaron, M. Schreiner, Le Min Tu, and others. The changing conditions of the market environment pose new challenges to the subjects of credit relations, and then there are problems of agricultural lending in the changing conditions of the country’s economy, which need to be addressed. Formulation of the goals of the article (task statement). The purpose of the article is to generalize the theory and practice of agricultural lending when there are new economic relations, financial and credit opportunities of the Ukrainian economy.

RISK MANAGEMENT IN CUSTOMS CONTROL

The article discusses the features of implementation a risk management system in the framework of customs control. The relevance of the problems under consideration is due to the fact that the activities of customs authorities in practice, like no other area, are directly related to various risk zones. The main task of the customs authorities is very closely intertwined with the goals of risk management. This is a systematic identification and, most importantly, prevention and leveling of risks and threats arising in various fields of activity at any stage of crossing the customs border. Customs activity in the risk management system is not only a process of identifying risks, but also a way of thinking, without which the customs authorities may not react to various situations and provide for the necessary initiatives, and this process is usually called “risk analysis”. Of particular interest in this vein is the construction of a structured system by the risk management process. This is due to the need for a clear passage of all stages of customs control of goods when crossing the customs border while meeting all standards. The unification of such a process is necessary. Clarifies the concept of risk management in relation to the customs control system from an operational and practical point of view. The article considers such elements of the risk management system as: statistics, implementation of the risk management system in various countries, the advantages of customs risk management, the process of risk management in customs control. Particular attention is paid to the benefits of customs risk management. The elements of the risk management system are highlighted; the effectiveness of risk management in customs control is assessed. Analyzed the problems of the risk management system in customs control. Particular attention is paid to the advantages of customs risk management, which are classified according to the following criteria: achievement of the organization’s goals; improved management processes; improved public and business profile. Proposals for improving the risk management system in customs control are presented.

FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION OF BUSINESS CARDS

The article considers modern aspects of the use, accounting and taxation of business cards, which are currently an integral part of communication and exchange of contacts in the business world. In particular, the essence of the concept of “business card” is studied, which is a carrier of information not only about the person-owner, but usually also contains information about the activities of the enterprise where its owner works. The classification of business cards into personal, business and corporate depending on their application and the information presented on them is systematized. Particular attention is paid to business cards, which are also a tool for advertising, as well as corporate, because, when they are distributed is the primary information to society, business partners about the company (company) and its activities. The authors substantiate why business cards are not an “additional benefit”, because they are issued to employees not for his personal purposes, but to achieve business goals of the employer: expanding customer base, increasing sales, making a profit, etc., in addition, companies do not give them in the property, but only oblige employees to use such cards during contacts with various participants in economic activity. Accordingly, the influence of such a decision on the process of taxation of the manufacture of this type of business cards is shown. The peculiarities of displaying information on the movement of business cards in the account, which requires their identification as “assets”, or rather – “stocks”, because they fully meet the criteria for defining these terms, presented in the legislation of Ukraine. Business cards are a controlled material resource of the enterprise, in which in the past certain funds or other stocks are invested, and in the future it is expected to receive from their distribution economic effect – benefit, it is an asset of the enterprise. Analytical accounts are offered to detail information on the cost of self-made or purchased business cards, which will facilitate the formation of clear management reports, will provide specific information for internal analysis. The sequence of reflection in the accounting of expenses at the time of transfer (write-off from the balance) of business cards depending on the center of responsibility with the use of certain primary documents is given.