Perceptions of Gender Disparities in Vietnam’s Labor Market

10.1596/34895 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Disparities

EVALUATING THE GENDER VARIATIONS IN INFORMAL SECTOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP: SOME LESSONS FROM BRAZIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350004 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLIN C WILLIAMS ◽  
YOUSSEF YOUSSEF
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Variations ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically the gender variations in informal sector entrepreneurship. Until now, a widely-held belief has been that entrepreneurs operating in the informal sector in developing nations are lowly paid, poorly educated, marginalized populations doing so out of necessity as a survival strategy in the absence of alternatives. Reporting an extensive 2003 survey conducted in urban Brazil of informal sector entrepreneurs operating micro-enterprises with five or less employees, the finding is that although less than half of these entrepreneurs are driven out of necessity into entrepreneurial endeavor in the informal economy, women are more commonly necessity-driven entrepreneurs and receive lower incomes from their entrepreneurial endeavor than men despite being better educated. The outcome is a call to recognize how the gender disparities in the wider labor market are mirrored and reinforced by the participation of men and women in the realm of informal sector entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Can Gender Ideologies Account for Regional Variation of the Gender Pay Gap in Germany?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Hamjediers
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Market Experience ◽  
Level Statistics ◽  
And Gender

Research often invokes gender disparities in wage-determining characteristics to explain gender pay gaps. However, the to extent to which these gender disparities and gender pay gaps vary across contexts has received less attention. Therefore, I analyze how regional gender ideologies predict gender pay gaps in two ways: As directly affecting gender pay gaps and as indirectly predicting gender pay gaps through intermediate gender disparities in wage-determinants. The analyses are based on German survey data (SOEP 2014-2018) supplemented with regional-level statistics. First, I leverage regional differences in predictors of gender ideologies to estimate region-specific gender ideologies. Mapping these gender ideologies across Germany reveals substantial regional variation, which exceeds the known difference between East and Western Germany. Second, multi-level models provide region-specific gender disparities in wage-determinants and gender pay gaps. They show that in regions where traditional gender ideologies are wide-spread, women have less labor market experience and are less likely to work full-time or in supervising positions. Traditional gender ideologies thereby indirectly contribute to a higher gender pay gap by inducing gender disparities in labor market outcomes.Even after accounting for such disparities in wage-determinants, a considerable gender pay gap persists in regions with relatively more traditional gender ideologies. This points to a direct effect of gender ideologies on adjusted gender pay gaps which might base on gender ideologies inducing women’s pay discrimination or gender-divergent wage expectations and negotiations.

scholarly journals Impact of Telehealth in Bangladesh During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saanjaana Rahman ◽  
Sajid Amit
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Bangladeshi Population

Abstract Telehealth is allowing healthcare workers to see patients virtually in locations that were not accessible previously, and this has reduced cost and time as well as saved lives. Bangladesh is a developing country with only 6 doctors for every 10,000 patients11. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a rising percentage of individuals in Bangladesh are turning to telehealth as it may provide more convenience and access to care for online consultations while minimizing the risks of virus transmission that may result from going to a healthcare provider11,6. Our research question was to see if there was any impact of telehealth utilization on labor market productivity during the pandemic in 2020. This study will leverage a timely national experiment to evaluate the users of telehealth across the Bangladeshi population. We obtained de-identified data for 200 patients among outpatient telehealth visits from Global Health Data Exchange as it captures telehealth use throughout Bangladesh. The analysis showed, that 92% of participants were males in the study population, and had a higher dependency on telehealth than 8% of the females. We found that the youngest age group, 16–25, had the highest dependence on telehealth, compared to any other age group in Bangladesh. The lowest dependence was among the oldest age group of 45 years and above. However, there was no association between labor market productivity and telehealth use and we rejected our hypothesis. Longitudinal and geographical data are needed to understand more about the gender disparities and impact in telehealth utilizations.

Youth and the Labor Market in Canada Since the Great Recession

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Samir Amine ◽  
Wilner Predelus
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Older People ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
First Time

In Canada, recent data show a marked improvement in the youth unemployment rate for the first time since the last recession, although their participation in the labor force remains below the expected thresholds. In the context of a historically low unemployment rate, this chapter aims to dig deeper into the data to understand how youth has fared in the labor market since the last recession compared to the older people, and mainly in the area of gender disparities. In this context, the authors analyze the unemployment and the participation rates by age and by sex. Furthermore, they provide an insight on the youth regional unemployment rates.

scholarly journals Gender Disparities in the Duration of Unemployment Spells in Slovenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polona Pašič ◽  
Alenka Kavkler ◽  
Darja Boršič
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Survival Functions ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Unemployment Spells

Gender Disparities in the Duration of Unemployment Spells in SloveniaThe paper offers an overview of labor market characteristics in Slovenia with an emphasis on gender disparities. A survival analysis is conducted based on an extensive database obtained from the Employment Office of the Republic of Slovenia of more than 450,000 unemployment incidences between January 2004 and July 2008. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival functions show specific disparities among unemployed women and men in Slovenia. Unemployed men are better off when re-entering the labor market as they are re-employed more quickly than women.

I’ll Just Stay Home: Employment Inequality Among Parents

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-418
Author(s):  
Lindsay B Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Employment Inequality

AbstractHow does homeownership magnify existing gender disparities in the labor markets of the rich OECD countries? Men and women, and especially mothers and fathers, respond to homeownership differently. Owners work more hours than renters but mothers experience an ownership penalty while fathers solidify their market attachment. Both responses increase the gender gap. As such, governments pursuing dual policy objectives of promoting homeownership and greater gender parity in the labor market will find their policies working at cross-purposes. This paper analyzes the effect of homeownership on labor market attachment and explains why mothers and fathers respond to it in different ways.

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