Are Teeth Close to the Cleft More Susceptible to Periodontal Disease?

Objective: To evaluate whether teeth close to the cleft area present higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease than teeth in other regions. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo. Patients: There were 400 individuals with complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate, aged 15 to 49 years, without any previous periodontal treatment. Main Outcome Measures: All clinical parameters were evaluated in six sites for each tooth. The arithmetic means were calculated for each sextant. Results: Of the sextants, 86.75% presented means of probing depth smaller than or equal to 3 mm. No sextant exhibited means of probing depth greater than or equal to 6 mm. There was a statistically significant difference (p < .001) in probing depth according to age, types of cleft, and sextant; 95.87% of sextants presented mean attachment levels smaller than or equal to 3 mm. The sextant with cleft did not present higher means of probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and gingival index. There was gingival bleeding in 99.08% of the sample and plaque in 97.40%. The type of cleft was not an important factor influencing the prevalence of periodontal disease. Age seems to be an important factor influencing the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease for all aspects investigated. Conclusions: Periodontal disease in individuals with clefts occurred in a similar manner as observed in other populations. The presence of the cleft does not seem to increase the prevalence of the disease.

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Prevalence of Palatal and Alveolar Cysts in Babies with Cleft Lip and Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/02-139.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 490-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Karina Mirela Ribeiro Pinto Alves ◽

Virginia Peixoto ◽

Márcia Ribeiro Gomide ◽

Cleide Felíciode Carvalho Carrara ◽

Beatriz Costa

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Craniofacial Anomalies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Types ◽

Low Prevalence ◽

Posterior Area

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of palatal and alveolar cysts in babies with cleft lip and/or palate. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Participants Two hundred ninety-one Caucasian babies divided into four groups according to the type of cleft: cleft lip with or without cleft alveolus (70), complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (112), complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (56), and cleft palate (53). Results A low prevalence of palatal and alveolar cysts was observed among patients with the four different types of clefts, with no statistically significant difference between genders. The maxilla and the anterior area of the mouth were more affected than the mandible and the posterior area. Conclusions The low prevalence of palatal and alveolar cysts in the four groups of babies with clefts included in this study may have been due to the high mean age of the sample.

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Language Sample Analysis in Children With Cleft Lip and Palate

Iranian Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.32598/irj.19.1.523.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Leila Safarpour ◽

◽

Nahid Jalilevand ◽

Ali Ghorbani ◽

Mahboobeh Rasouli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Language Production ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Craniofacial Anomalies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Language Sample Analysis

Objectives: Cleft Palate (CP) with or without Cleft Lip (CL/P) are the most common craniofacial birth defects. Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) can affect children’s communication skills. The present study aimed to evaluate language production skills concerning morphology and syntax (morphosyntactic) in children with CLP. Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, 58 Persian-speaking children (28 children with CLP & 30 children without craniofacial anomalies=non-clefts) participated. Gathering the language samples of the children was conducted using the picture description method. The 50 consecutive intelligible utterances of children were analyzed by the Persian Developmental Sentence Scoring (PDSS), as a clinical morphosyntactic measurement tool. Results: The PDSS total scores of children with CLP were lower than those of the non-clefts children. A significant difference was found between the studied children with CLP and children without craniofacial anomalies in the mean value of PDSS total scores (P=0.0001). Discussion: Children with CLP demonstrate a poor ability for using morphosyntactic elements. Therefore, it should be considered how children with CLP use the grammatical components.

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Chronology and Sequence of Eruption of the Permanent Teeth in Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/02-085.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 642-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Cleide Felíciode Carvalho Carrara ◽

JoséEduardode Oliveira Lima ◽

Carlos Eduardo Carrara ◽

Bernardo Gonzalez Vono

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Lateral Incisor ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

São Paulo ◽

Craniofacial Anomalies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maxillary Lateral Incisor ◽

Mandibular Teeth

Objective To establish the chronology and sequence of eruption of the permanent teeth in subjects with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Design Cross-sectional. Data on children presenting complete cleft lip and palate were evaluated. Setting The study was carried out at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Sample The sample comprised 477 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, aged 5 to 14 years. Of these patients, 166 were girls and 311 were boys. Results The girls presented, for all maxillary and mandibular teeth, a smaller mean age of eruption than the boys. The maxillary lateral incisor and cuspid adjacent to the cleft presented significantly higher mean ages of eruption than their homologous teeth on the noncleft side.

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Development of cleft children’s permanent canines

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-86372019000253520 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

Author(s):

Manoel Itaguacy Leite NOVAIS JUNIOR ◽

Manuella Santos Carneiro ALMEIDA ◽

Camila Helena Machado da COSTA ◽

Tassia Cristina de Almeida Pinto SARMENTO ◽

Luis Ferreira de SOUSA FILHO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Tooth Development ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Age Difference ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluating the development of the permanent cuspids in children from Paraíba with cleft lip and palate applying the Nolla and the Demirjian methods. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an inductive approach and applying a comparative statistical procedure and direct documentation research technique. The universe of the study consisted of children assisted at the orthodontic practice of the Brazilian Association of Dentistry - Paraíba Section. The sample comprised 72 pairs of panoramic radiographs of children with and without cleft lip and palate from the same gender and, age difference of up to 30 days, ranging from 5 to 13 years of age. The study has evaluated the development of 576 cuspids. The images were evaluated by three duly calibrated examiners concomitantly, and the calcification stages were determined by a consensus. The stages of the cuspids calcification were evaluated in the panoramic radiographs according to Nolla and Demirjian classifications. Results: The average of the calcification stage of teeth was correspondingly higher in the control group than in the case group, showing a development delay of the cuspid teeth in the cleft lip and palate patients. The lower cuspids were significantly more developed than the upper cuspids (p <0.001). There were no significant differences between the sides. There was early tooth development in females but without significant difference. Conclusion: It was possible to note that patients with cleft lip and palate presented a delay in the development of the permanent cuspids when compared to non-cleft lip and palate patients, thus, reinforcing the importance of the individualization of the orthodontic planning.

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Tomographic Pharyngeal Dimensions in Individuals with Unilateral Cleft Lip/Palate and Class III Malocclusion are Reduced When Compared with Controls

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/15-124 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 502-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Trindade-Suedam Ivy Kiemle ◽

Freire Lima Thiago ◽

Dominguez Campos Letícia ◽

Faria Yaedú Renato Yassutaka ◽

Filho Hugo Nary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Outcome Measure ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Control Group ◽

Craniofacial Anomalies ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cleft Lip Palate

Objective The objective of this study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the pharyngeal dimensions of individuals with complete nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using cone beam computed tomography. Design This was a cross-sectional prospective study. Setting The study took place at the Laboratory of Physiology, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil. Patients and Participants The control group (CON) consisted of 23 noncleft adults with class III malocclusion, and the cleft group (UCLP) consisted of 22 individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion. Two subgroups of individuals with class III malocclusion as a result of maxillary retrusion with (UCLP'; n = 19) and without (CON'; n = 8) clefts were also assessed. Interventions Pharyngeal volume, pharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area (CSA), location of CSA, pharyngeal length, sella-nasion-A point angle (SNA), sella-nasion-B point angle (SNB), and A point-nasion-B point angle (ANB), and body mass index were assessed using Dolphin software. Main Outcome Measure The pharyngeal dimensions of UCLP individuals are smaller when compared with controls. Results Mean pharyngeal volume (standard deviation) for the UCLP patients (20.8 [3.9] cm3) and the UCLP’ patients (20.3 [3.9] cm3) were significantly decreased when compared with the CON (28.2 [10.0] cm3) and CON’ patients (29.1 [10.2] cm3), respectively. No differences were found in the pharyngeal minimal CSA, ANB, or pharyngeal length values between groups (CON versus UCLP and CON’ versus UCLP'). CSAs were located mostly at the oropharynx, except in the UCLP’ patients, which were mainly at the hypopharynx. Mean SNA in the UCLP (76.4° [4.6°]) and UCLP’ groups (75.1 [3.1°]) were significantly smaller than those in the CON (82.8° [4.1°]) and CON’ groups (78.6° [1.2°]). SNB values were statistically smaller only for the comparison of CON versus UCLP patients. Conclusion The pharynx of individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion is volumetrically smaller than that of individuals with class III malocclusion and no clefts.

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Systemic use of metronidazole in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a pilot study using clinical, microbiological, and enzymatic evaluation

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242004000200006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 121-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Solange Alonso Vergani ◽

Emílio Barbosa e Silva ◽

Adriana Helena Vinholis ◽

Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Scaling And Root Planing ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Group I ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Chronic Periodontal Disease ◽

Attachment Level ◽

Systemic Metronidazole

The aim of the present parallel, double-blind investigation was to evaluate the effect of using systemic metronidazole alone or associated to scaling and root planing on adult chronic periodontal disease, monitored at baseline, 30, 60 and 90 days. Twelve subjects were divided into three groups: the first group (Group I - 22 sites) was submitted to scaling and root planing (SRP) alone; the second group (Group II - 30 sites) received SRP and 250 mg of metronidazole (3 times a day for 10 days), and the third group (Group III - 31 sites) was treated with metronidazole alone. The clinical parameters evaluated were probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding upon probing (BP). Microbiological (BANA test) and enzymatic (Pocket Watch) tests were also performed. All three proposed treatments produced significant improvements in clinical conditions of subjects, from baseline, 30, 60 and 90-day period, except for clinical attachment level. The results obtained by microbiological and enzymatic tests did not show statistical differences among the groups for the 90-day period (r = 0.7924 and r = 0.7757, respectively). In relation to clinical parameters, statistical differences among groups were observed only for the gingival index (p = 0.0261) between Groups I and II, and probing depth (p = 0.0124) between Group I and the others. We conclude that the use of systemic metronidazole did not produce additional effects on the microbiological conditions of these patients with chronic periodontal disease.

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Difference in the Prevalence of Enamel Alterations Affecting Central Incisors of Children with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/02-152.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 392-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Suzana Papile Maciel ◽

Beatriz Costa ◽

Marcia Ribeiro Gomide

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Permanent Dentition ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Homogeneous Distribution ◽

São Paulo ◽

Craniofacial Anomalies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Enamel Defects

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of enamel alterations affecting the deciduous and permanent central maxillary incisors of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and to verify their characteristics. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies–University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Patients A sample of 90 patients attending the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, presenting with complete cleft lip and palate, of both genders, ages 2 to 11 years old. Methodology The buccal surfaces of the maxillary central incisors of patients were analyzed for observation of the presence of enamel defects, their type, number, and location. The prevalence of defects was compared between deciduous and permanent teeth and between the incisors at the cleft and noncleft sides. Results There was a higher frequency of defects among incisors on the cleft side for both deciduous and permanent dentitions compared with the noncleft side (p < .05); the permanent central incisor was more frequently affected than the deciduous. Evaluation of the types of defects for both incisors in both dentitions demonstrated a homogeneous distribution, except for a lower proportion of yellow opacity in the permanent dentition on the cleft side. In general, the most affected area in all dentitions was the incisal third. Conclusion The prevalence of enamel alterations affecting incisors adjacent to the cleft was higher than for incisors on the noncleft side. This difference also was present in the permanent dentition.

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3D Assessment of Nasolabial Appearance in Patients With Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665617726532 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 220-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ieva Bagante ◽

Inta Zepa ◽

Ilze Akota

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Difference

Objective: Rhinoplasty in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) is challenging, and the surgical outcome of the nose is complicated to evaluate. The aim of this study was to assess the nasolabial appearance of patients with UCLP compared with a control group. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Riga Cleft Lip and Palate Centre, Latvia. Participants: All consecutive 35 patients born between 1994 and 2004 with nonsyndromic complete UCLP were included. Of 35 patients, 29 came for checkup; the mean age was 14.7 years (range 10-18). In the control group, 35 noncleft participants at 10 years of age were included. Interventions: Nasolabial appearance was evaluated from 3-dimensional images using a 3-dimensional stereo-photogrammetric camera setup (3dMDface System), the results being analysed statistically. Results: In UCLP group, a statistically significant difference between cleft and noncleft side was found only in alar wing length ( P < .05). The difference of nasolabial anthropometric distances in the control group between the left and right side was not significant. The difference between the UCLP group and the control group was significant in all anthropometric distances except the lateral lip length to cupid’s bow. Conclusions: The nasolabial appearance with acceptable symmetry after cleft lip and reconstructive surgery of the nose was achieved. Symmetry of the nasolabial appearance in patients with UCLP differed from those in the control group. The 3D photographs with a proposed set of anthropometric landmarks for evaluation of nasolabial appearance seems to be a convenient, accurate, and noninvasive way to follow and evaluate patients after surgery.

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Dental Age Estimation According to European Formula and Willems Method: Comparison Between Children With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665621990513 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 612-618

Author(s):

Evgenija Markovic ◽

Nemanja Marinkovic ◽

Ksenija Zelic ◽

Petar Milovanovic ◽

Marija Djuric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Dental Age ◽

Dental Age Estimation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Willems Method

Objective: To assess dental age and deviations of dental from chronological age according to the Willems and Cameriere methods (European formula) in patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) and compare it with control group. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting: Clinic of Orthodontics. Participants: Sixty-nine patients with CL/P between 6 and 15 years of age (55 with unilateral and 14 with bilateral CL/P) with 148 panoramic radiographs. The same number of radiographs was examined in the age-matched control group. Main Outcome Measures: Estimation and comparison of dental age and differences of dental from chronological age in relation to the type of cleft, sex, and age in the group of patients with and without CL/P according to Willems and Cameriere method. Results: No significant intersex and intergroup differences were found in deviations of dental from chronological age according to Cameriere method ( P > .05). Significant difference in deviation of dental from chronological age was found between the patients with and without CL/P according to Willems method ( P < .001). Conclusion: Cameriere European formula for dental age estimation, which is not influenced by sex and tooth morphology, showed similar dental development of children with and without CL/P. However, Willems method detected that deviation of dental from chronological age significantly differed between children with and without clefts.

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Cross-Sectional Study of the Length of the Nasal Bone in Cleft Lip and Palate Subjects

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/04-001.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 417-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Bo Werner Nielsen ◽

Kirsten Mølsted ◽

Lene Theil Skovgaard ◽

Inger KjæR

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Nasal Bone ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male Adult ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Bone Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nasal Bone Length

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the human nasal bone length in newborns and male adults with cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to compare the results to previous findings in prenatal material. Design This study was a radiographic profile cephalometric cross-sectional analysis. Subjects and Methods Profile radiographs from 60 newborns with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1 in each group (20 CL, 20 CP, and 20 UCLP) and 60 male adults (20 CL, 20 CP, and 20 UCLP) were randomly selected among radiographs, taken for optimizing the treatment planning. The nasal bone lengths (n-na) were measured with a digital caliper on the profile radiographs. To compare the nasal bone lengths in the different cleft groups, Student's t tests at a significant level at 5% were performed. Results Nasal bone length was significantly shorter in male adult patients with CL compared with patients with CP. Furthermore, the nasal bone length was significantly shorter in newborns with CL (2 months) compared to newborns with UCLP (2 months). A borderline significance was seen in the comparison of patients with CL and UCLP in male adults. There was no significant difference in the nasal bone length between the patients with CP and UCLP, in either the newborns or the male adults. Conclusions Nasal bone length was significantly shorter in subjects with CL compared with subjects in whom the palate was clefted. The results show that the clefted lip in CL is associated with a subjacent skeletal deviation in the upper midface.

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