Skeletal Asymmetries of the Nasomaxillary Complex in Noncleft and Postsurgical Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Individuals

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanos Kyrkanides ◽  
Ron Bellohusen ◽  
J. Daniel Subtelny
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Anterior Nasal Spine ◽  
And Control ◽  
Skeletal Asymmetry

Asymmetries in the nasomaxillary skeleton are very common in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate postsurgical asymmetries of the nasomaxillary skeleton in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Included in this study were 36 complete cleft lip and palate subjects, along with 36 noncleft (control) subjects. Skeletal asymmetry, deviations of the anterior nasal spine, and the premaxillary area were compared by chronologic age and skeletal maturation in cleft subjects and controls. Comparison between cleft and control cases was assessed. Results indicated that skeletal asymmetry in unilateral clefts and controls peaks during the pubertal growth spurt. The anterior nasal spine and nasal septum always tend to deviate toward the noncleft side of the nasal cavity, although individual variation exists. Cleft subjects were found to be more asymmetric than noncleft subjects to a statistically significant degree.

Mandibular Asymmetry and Antigonial Notching in Individuals with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanos Kyrkanides ◽  
Liubov Richter
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Objective To determine whether asymmetric antigonial notching is associated with the development of mandibular and lower facial asymmetry in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design Retrospective mixed-longitudinal investigation including UCLP and nonaffected orthodontic patients. Participants All (24) available patients with UCLP treated in our clinic with complete longitudinal records, and 72 skeletal maturation matched noncleft orthodontic patients that served as controls. Subject records included hand-wrist, panoramic, frontal, and 45° oblique cephalometric radiographs. Main outcome Measures The development of mandibular asymmetry, measured on oblique cephalometric radiographs, as well as lower facial asymmetry, measured on frontal cephalometric radiographs, was monitored in individuals with UCLP in relation to antigonial notching asymmetry, assessed on panoramic and oblique cephalometric radiographs. Results First, no statistical differences were found in antigonial notching asymmetry between patients with UCLP and noncleft controls. Second, antigonial notching asymmetry, observed on panoramic and oblique cephalometric radiographs, significantly correlated with the attendant development of mandibular and lower facial asymmetry in individuals with UCLP. Third, the development of mandibular and lower facial asymmetry at pubertal and post-pubertal growth spurt stages significantly correlated with antigonial notching asymmetry, measured on panoramic radiographs, at prepubertal and pubertal growth spurt stages, respectively. Conclusions The degree of antigonial notching noted on panoramic radiographs can be used as an early indicator of developing mandibular and lower facial asymmetry in individuals with UCLP.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of pubertal growth spurt predictors: Martins and Sakima method and Grave and Brown method

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Emy Iguma ◽  
Orivaldo Tavano ◽  
Izabel Maria Marchi de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Initial Peak

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Martins and Sakima and Grave and Brown methods are useful for the study of pubertal growth spurt in children with cleft lip and palate. A total of 132 hand-wrist radiographs of patients from HRAC/USP aged 7 to 17 years old were analyzed, including girls and boys. Six radiographs of each age and gender were employed. These methods were applied to evaluating the stages of the hand-wrist ossification and epiphyseal formation, by graphic representation. The Martins and Sakima and the Grave and Brown methods revealed that the initial, peak and final stages of pubertal growth spurt occurred between 9 to 10, 12 and 15 years old, respectively, in the female gender. Similarly, in the male gender, both Martins and Sakima and Grave and Brown methods showed similar mean ages: 12, 14 and 16 years old for initial, peak and final stages of pubertal growth spurt, respectively. The Pearson's correlation test showed high and significant correlation (r = 0.99 and p < 0.001) between the methods investigated. In conclusion, the methods appeared to be highly and significantly correlated as regards the analysis of children with cleft lip and palate. Moreover, based on the literature and present results, it is possible to suggest that the two methods have shown similar pattern and may be used with equal efficiency for assessment of the pubertal growth spurt in children with cleft lip and palate.

Vertical and Sagittal Growth in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate—A Retrospective Cephalometric Evaluation

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra I. Holst ◽  
Stefan Holst ◽  
Emeka Nkenke ◽  
Matthias Fenner ◽  
Ursula Hirschfelder
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Class I ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Male Patients

Objective: To investigate whether the craniofacial vertical and sagittal jaw relationship in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) differed from that of age-matched noncleft controls, before and after the pubertal growth spurt. Design: Retrospective observational study. Patients: The study group comprised 126 patients with CLP, subdivided according to gender and cleft type, and the control group comprised 53 age-matched skeletal class I patients. Methods: Angular and linear measurements were taken from prepubertal and postpubertal lateral cephalograms of all patients. Results: In patients with cleft lip and palate, the maxillary retrognathism became more remarkable with increasing age; whereas, the retrognathic position of the mandible became less pronounced as compared with controls. Reduced posterior midfacial height, a common prepubertal finding in patients with cleft lip and palate, was significant in postpubertal girls and young women with unilateral cleft lip and palate (p  =  .002). The total anterior facial height in male patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate was larger than in control patients (p  =  .002) after the pubertal growth spurt due to an increased anterior midfacial height. In male patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, this finding was due to an increased anterior lower facial height (p < .001). Conclusions: Patients with cleft lip and palate treated according to a standardized treatment concept had adequate craniofacial jaw relationships after puberty. Despite a measured skeletal class I in both male and female patients with cleft lip and palate regardless of cleft type, there was a slight tendency toward a skeletal class III. Findings were similar for all groups of cleft lip and palate patients irrespective of the type of orthodontic treatment performed.

Asymmetries of the Upper Lip and Nose in Noncleft and Postsurgical Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Individuals

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanos Kyrkanides ◽  
Ron Bellohusen ◽  
J. Daniel Subtelny
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Small Change ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate post-surgical asymmetries of the upper lip and nose in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals using documentation collected over a period of years. Twenty-three complete unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects (UCLP) and 34 noncleft subjects who served as controls and had undergone orthodontic treatment were Included in the study. Nasal asymmetry, deviation of the tip of the nose, and the deviation of the midpoint of the vermilion border of the upper lip were compared to chronologic age and skeletal maturation in cleft subjects and controls. Comparison between cleft and control cases was also assessed. Results indicate that nasal asymmetry peaks at postpubertal growth stages in the control groups, and the difference between UCLP and controls decreases with time and maturation. The deviation of the nasal tip peaks during the pubertal growth spurt for both UCLP and controls, and the difference between UCLP and controls also decreases with time. The deviation of the midpoint of the vermilion border shows relatively small change with time and maturation, and there is no significant difference between UCLP and controls. In general, the facial asymmetries studied were not as great as expected, and the difference between UCLP and controls decreased with time, growth, and maturation.

Assessment of Skeletal Maturation using Mandibular Second Molar Maturation Stages

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Goyal ◽  
S Goyal ◽  
N Gugnani
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Mandibular Second Molar ◽  
Pre Treatment

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between cervical vertebrae maturation and mandibular second molar calcification stages.Study design: The study was designed as a retrospective, descriptive and crosssectional research project. Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs of 99 males and 110 females in the age range of 7 to 18 years 7 months were evaluated with Demirjian Index (DI) and cervical vertebrae maturation indicators (CVMI) of Hassel and Farman. A null hypothesis was proposed that there is no relation between CVMI and DI. Results: A highly significant association (Pearson's contingency coefficient 0.713 for males and 0.863 for females) was found between DI and CVMI. In males, the DI stage E corresponded to stage 2 of CVMI (pre–peak of pubertal growth spurt) and DI stages F and G corresponded to stages 3 and 4 of CVMI (peak of pubertal growth spurt). DI stage H was associated with stages 5 and 6 of CVMI (end of pubertal growth spurt). In females, the DI stages C, D corresponded to CVMI stages 1, 2; DI stages E, F with CVMI stages 3, 4; DI stages G, H with CVMI stages 5, 6. Conclusion: Mandibular second molar calcification stages can be used as indicators for assessment of skeletal maturity.

scholarly journals Skeletal maturation in individuals with Down's syndrome: Comparison between PGS curve, cervical vertebrae and bones of the hand and wrist

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glauber Carinhena ◽  
Danilo Furquim Siqueira ◽  
Eduardo Kazuo Sannomiya
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Ossification Centers ◽  
Level Of Agreement

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted with the aim of adapting the methods developed by Martins and Sakima to assess skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae in the pubertal growth spurt (PGS) curve. It also aimed to test the reliability and agreement between those methods and the method of hand and wrist radiograph when compared two by two and all together. METHODS: The sample comprised 72 radiographs, with 36 lateral radiographs of the head and 36 hand-wrist radiographs of 36 subjects with Down's syndrome (DS), 13 female and 23 male, aged between 8 years and 6 months and 18 years and 7 months, with an average age of 13 years and 10 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Results revealed that adapting the methods developed by Martins and Sakima to assess skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae in the curve of PGS is practical and useful in determining the stage of growth and development of individuals. The stages of maturation evaluated by cervical vertebrae and ossification centers observed in radiographs of the hand and wrist were considered reliable, with excellent level of agreement between the methods by Hassel and Farman as well as Baccetti, Franchi and McNamara Jr and Martins and Sakima. Additionally, results revealed an agreement that ranged between reasonable to good for the three methods used to assess the skeletal maturation, showing statistical significance.

scholarly journals The Difference in Cervical Vertebral Skeletal Maturation between Cleft Lip/Palate and Non-Cleft Lip/Palate Orthodontic Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waeil Batwa ◽  
Khalid Almoammar ◽  
Aziza Aljohar ◽  
Abdullah Alhussein ◽  
Saad Almujel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Saudi Male

Objective. The aim was to evaluate differences in the cervical vertebral skeletal maturity of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and non-cleft lip/palate (non-CLP) Saudi male orthodontic patients. Method. This cross-sectional multicenter study took place at the dental school, King Saud University and King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between October 2014 and September 2015. The records of Saudi male orthodontic patients with UCLP n=69 were collected. Cervical vertebral maturation was assessed using their cephalometric radiographs. The records of 138 age-matched non-CLP Saudi male orthodontic patients served as controls. Results. There was a significant difference in skeletal maturity between the UCLP and non-CLP groups, as evident in the delayed skeletal development among the UCLP participants. Moreover, pubertal growth spurt onset was significantly earlier in the non-cleft participants in comparison with the UCLP participants p=0.009. Conclusions. There is delayed skeletal maturity among the UCLP Saudi male population in comparison with their non-CLP age-matched peers.

Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Study Model Analysis: Clefts of the Secondary Palate

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mccance ◽  
David Roberts-Harry ◽  
Martyn Sherriff ◽  
Michael Mars ◽  
William J.B. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
And Control

The study models of a group of adult Sri Lankan patients with clefts of the secondary palate were investigated. Tooth-size and arch-dimension comparisons were made with a comparable control group. Significant differences were found between the cleft and control groups in tooth sizes, chord lengths, and arch widths. The cleft group dimensions were generally smaller than those of the control group. Overjets were larger in the cleft group.

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