Lupus vulgaris mimicking cutaneous leishmaniasis: A case report

Lupus vulgaris (LV) is a progressive, chronic form of cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB). The head and neck regions are the most commonly affected sites, followed by the arms and legs. Occurring in unusual sites may pose diagnostic difficulties. Herein, we report a case of LV present on the dorsal aspect of the right hand in a twenty-year-old Saudi male. It was misdiagnosed as leishmaniasis as the patient lived in an area in which it was endemic, and was treated accordingly with no benefit. A skin punch biopsy was taken and the diagnosis of LV was confirmed. The lesion responded well to anti-tubercular therapy (ATT), yet healed with atrophic scarring. Although rare, clinicians must be aware of the importance of considering CTB as an important differential, as misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of this entity may eventually cause prolonged morbidity.

The Journey of Saudi Male Nurses Studying within the Nursing Profession: A Qualitative Study

Background: Nursing is considered to be a primarily female profession, particularly in Saudi Arabia, despite the fact that male nurses have contributed to the advancement of the nursing profession in various specialties, such as military nursing, mental health, and critical care. Purpose: We explore the factors influencing Saudi male nursing interns to study within the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. A convenience sample of 12 Saudi male nursing interns from different nursing colleges were recruited, alongside four hospital internship coordinators. The data were collected by conducting two semi-structured focus group interviews and four individual interviews. All the interviews were analyzed using a comparative analytical approach. Results: Role models and the role of the internship year were identified as factors influencing Saudi male nurses’ decision to study nursing. However, hospital placements, cultural preferences, and the preferences of patients and their families for female nurses were the key challenges encountered. Importantly, this study demonstrated that social media plays a critical role in raising awareness regarding the importance of Saudi male nurses. Conclusion: Awareness needs to be raised of the nursing profession as a gender-diverse field through volunteering programs for the community. It is recommended that Saudi male nurses act as role models for students in the Academic Orientation Forum and on social media.

Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines: Eight Months Post Single Dose Vaccination

Objectives: To describe the real-world data on the effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNtech BNT162b2 and AstraZeneca-Oxford AZD1222 vaccines against COVID-19 in a large cohort in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: A total of 18,543 subjects received a single-dose of either of the vaccines at one vaccination centre in KSA, and were followed up for three to eight months. Clinical data from medical records, adverse events (AEs) from a self-reporting system, and COVID-19 infection data from the national databases were retrieved and analysed. Results: Subjects median age was 33 years old with an average of 27.3 body mass index and the majority were male (60.1%). 92.17% of the subjects had no COVID-19 infection post-vaccination. Diabetes mellitus (p=0.0325), organ transplantation (p=0.0254), and morbid obesity (p=0.0014) were risk factors for infection post-vaccination. Unlike vaccine type, being Saudi, male, or obese was more likely to get the infection earlier. AE reports from 1084 subjects included injection site pain, fatigue, fever, myalgia, headache. Conclusion: Single-dose COVID-19 vaccines in KSA showed an effectiveness rate of 92.17% up to eight months follow-up. The rate for AZD1222 was higher than what have been previously reported. Side effects and AEs were within what has been reported in clinical trials.

Klüver–Bucy syndrome secondary to a nondominant middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke: a case report and review of the literature

Background Klüver–Bucy syndrome is a rare and complex neurobehavioral cluster that occurs in humans and results from a temporal lobe lesion. It can be associated with a variety of causes. Stroke is a rarely reported cause of this syndrome. Case presentation In this report, we present the case of a 68-year-old Saudi male who developed Klüver–Bucy syndrome subsequent to a nondominant middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke involving right temporal lobe. The patient manifested most of the Klüver–Bucy syndrome clinical features, including hypersexuality, hyperphagia, hyperorality, and visual hypermetamorphosis (excessive tendency to react to every visual stimulation with a tendency to touch every such stimulus). These neurobehavioral manifestations improved after he was started on treatment. Conclusions The clinical course, anatomical association relying on pathophysiology, and potential treatment have all been deliberated in regard to the rare occurrence of Klüver–Bucy syndrome resulting from temporal lobe pathology.

Testosterone undecanoate injection, a rare cause of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: A case report from Almoosa Hospital

Many systemic and few respiratory (cough, pulmonary embolism) adverse effects follow anabolic agent use. Pulmonary hemorrhage is not considered one among them. We present a case of an adult Saudi male who developed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) as a results of the utilization of injectable anabolic steroid hormone replacement therapy. The literature reported only three cases of DAH related to anabolic agent abuse. The patient was presented with acute dyspnea and hemoptysis with diffuse alveolar shadow on chest radiograph. The symptoms promptly resolved with cessation of exposure and recurrent after the reuse. Pulmonary hemorrhage as an acute complication of anabolic agent use must be considered when clinical and radiological findings support it. It's important to rule out the autoimmune and infectious-related causes before considering it drug-related.

Patterns of lifestyle risk behaviors among Saudi Arabian school students

Background: Lifestyle risk behaviours initiated at a young age tend to remain in adulthood. Clustering of lifestyle risk behaviours has negative cumulative effects on health. The aim of this study was to examine patterns of clustering lifestyle risk behaviours (smoking, physical inactivity, high sugars intake, low fruits and vegetables intake, and infrequent tooth brushing) among younger and older Saudi male adolescents.Methods: A stratified cluster random sample of 1213 Saudi Arabian male school students living in Riyadh city answered adapted WHO health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) questionnaire on health-related behaviours. The patterns of clustering lifestyle risk behaviours were assessed using an observed to expected ratio (O/E) method.Results: The results showed that 10 (in older adolescents) and 09 (in younger adolescents) out of 27 combinations of lifestyle risk behaviors clustered. The combination of three risk behaviors (smoking, physical inactivity and high sugars intake) clustered with the highest O/E ratio of 3.16 among younger adolescents, while the combination of (smoking, high sugars intake and low fruits/vegetables intake) was among older adolescents with O/E: of 1.67.Conclusions: The current study identifies patterns of clustering lifestyle risk behaviours among younger and older Saudi male adolescents. Identification of these patterns is important for health promotion interventions.

A Rare Case Report of Posterior Ectopic Cilia in a 41-Year-Old Saudi Male

There is a wide spectrum of cilial anomalies; however, ectopic cilia are the rarest of the cilial anomalies. We report, to the best of our knowledge, the third worldwide case of this eyelid anomaly in the inferior palpebral conjunctiva and the first with a long-term follow-up of 18 months without recurrence following excision. The 41-year-old Saudi male presented with posterior ectopic cilia in the palpebral conjunctiva of the left lower eyelid. This rare anomaly was not associated with other findings. Eighteen months after complete excision of the cilia (along with the adjacent conjunctiva and tarsal plate), there was no recurrence of the ectopic cilia. This case highlights the importance of considering ectopic cilia when patients present with focal punctate keratopathy and the importance of excision of the cilia along with the adjacent conjunctiva and tarsal plate to prevent recurrence.