Sesquiterpene Carboxylic Acids from a Wild Tomato Species Affect Larval Feeding Behavior and Survival of Helicoverpa zeaand Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1249-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Frelichowski ◽  
John A. Juvik
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sesquiterpene Carboxylic Acids as a Mechanism for Resistance to the Tomato Pests Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Spodoptera exigua (Hubner).

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 677e-678
Author(s):  
James E. Frelichowski ◽  
John A. Juvik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Pests

Sesquiterpene carboxylic acids (SCA) are synthesized by leaf trichomes of a wild tomato species Lycopersicon hirsutum accession LA 1777 and confer resistance to the tomato pests Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). Larvae of both species exhibited a reduction in survival and growth rate with altered feeding behavior when exposed to SCA in choice and no-choice insect bioassays. Larvae of both species were reared on artificial insect diets with SCA added at 0, 10 and 60 mg SCA per g of diet. All larvae perished in the 60 mg·g–1 treatment which is comparable to the levels of SCA found on LA 1777. H. zea and S. exigua showed about 35% and 60% reduction in survival to adult and 38% to 22% increase in life cycle duration, respectively, in the 10 mg·g–1 treatment relative to the control. Similar reductions in growth rate and survival were observed when larvae were reared on leaves coated with SCA. Choice bioassays with control (0 mg SCA/g leaf) and 60 mg SCA/g treated leaf tissue demonstrated 2.3-fold increase in larval avoidance and 50% reduction in feeding on treated leaves. Our results suggest that breeding for SCA synthesis in tomato would produce lines with increased resistance to the tomato pests H. zea and S. exigua. Backcross breeding procedures using LA 1777 have initiated the introgression of the SCA genes into cultivated tomato germplasm. Studies of inheritance of genes coding for SCA synthesis are underway to reveal allelic interactions and facilitate there introgression into the cultivated tomato germplasm.

Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Preference for Plant Structures, and Their Location, Within Bt Cotton Under Different Nitrogen and Irrigation Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1741-1751
Author(s):  
Lewis R Braswell ◽  
Dominic D Reisig ◽  
Clyde E Sorenson ◽  
Guy D Collins
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Larval Distribution ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Behavioral Resistance ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Helicoverpa zea Boddie is a common economic pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), including transgenic cotton varieties that express Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Helicoverpa zea oviposition is similar in Bt and non-Bt cotton, but behavior of H. zea larvae can be different in the presence of Bt, with neonates moving away from terminals faster in single-toxin Bt than non-Bt cotton or avoiding Bt-treated diet in the lab. We quantified H. zea oviposition and larval distribution on structures within cotton plants in small plot experiments of Cry1Ac + Cry1F cotton for 2 yr under different irrigation and nitrogen treatments. More eggs were oviposited on plants receiving nitrogen application during 2016 and on leaves in the top section of irrigated plants during 2017, but other treatment effects on eggs or larvae were minimal. Helicoverpa zea eggs were most common on leaves in the top third of plants at position zero and middle section of cotton plants throughout the season, but some oviposition occurred on fruiting structures as well. First and second instars were more common on squares in the top section of plants during 2016 and bolls in the middle and lower sections during 2017 due to oviposition lower in the canopy during 2017. During both years, third through fifth instars were more common on bolls in the middle and lower section of plants closer to the main stem. These findings have resistance management implications as extended larval feeding on bolls could optimize nutrition, decrease Bt susceptibility, and potentially influence behavioral resistance.

scholarly journals Bactericera cockerelli resistance in the wild tomato Solanum habrochaites is polygenic and influenced by the presence of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Avila ◽  
Thiago G. Marconi ◽  
Zenaida Viloria ◽  
Julianna Kurpis ◽  
Sonia Y. Del Rio
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Complex Inheritance

Abstract The tomato-potato psyllid (TPP), Bactericera cockerelli, is a vector for the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso), the causative agent of economically important diseases including tomato vein-greening and potato zebra chip. Here, we screened 11 wild tomato relatives for TPP resistance as potential resources for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar development. Six accessions with strong TPP resistance (survival <10%) were identified within S. habrochaites, S. pennelli, S. huaylasense, S. chmielewskii, S. corneliomulleri, and S. galapagense. Two S. pennelli and S. corneliomulleri accessions also showed resistance to Lso. We evaluated recombinant inbred lines (RILs) carrying resistance from S. habrochaites accession LA1777 in the S. lycopersicum background and identified major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for adult TPP mortality and fecundity in several RILs carrying insertions in different chromosomes, indicating the polygenic nature of these traits. Analysis of a major resistance QTL in RIL LA3952 on chromosome 8 revealed that the presence of Lso is required to increase adult TPP mortality. By contrast, the reduced TPP oviposition trait in LA3952 is independent of Lso. Therefore, resistance traits are available in wild-tomato species, although their complex inheritance and modes of action require further characterisation to optimise their utilisation for tomato improvement.

scholarly journals Germplasm Evaluation of Tomato for Resistance to the Emerging Wilt Pathogen Fusarium Equiseti

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Asma Akbar ◽  
Shaukat Hussain ◽  
Gul Shad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Tomato Variety ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Genetic Pool

Fusarium wilt caused by different Fusarium species is a devastating disease causes heavy loss to tomato plantation worldwide. In this study 13 tomato varieties were screened against F. equiseti to explore the resistance potential of the varieties against the disease. Out of 13 varieties only 2 varieties Roma and Hybrid showed resistance to the disease, while the other 69% were highly susceptible. Based on cluster analysis for genetic diversity it was reported that susceptible varieties are only 8% genetically different and share same genetic pool. We reported that the wild species of tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium (Sp- 2093) showed complete immunity and were remain unaffected having 25% genetic difference with other varieties tested. Thus wild tomato species may provide the source of resistance required to develop resistant variety against the emerging wilt pathogen F. equiseti. The data regarding virluence structure and resisatnt variety that is presented in this study will suport more focused efforts in the management of tomato wilt caused by Fusarium species and that resistant features of wild tomato variety Sp-2093, could be accumulated with other desirable characteristics of different germplasm in one cultivar, which will reduce the chances for new virulent species to evolve.

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