Proactive Vector Control Strategies and Improved Monitoring and Evaluation Practices for Dengue Prevention

Background: Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease for which there are currently no specific drugs or effective vaccines available. Therefore its prevention & control solely rest on vector control strategies, for which behavioural change of the community is a requirement. Hence, the aim of our study was to implement a standardised behaviour change communication intervention strategy (BCC) and to measure its impact on the population in terms of awareness, attitude and practice regarding dengue and its vector control. Methods: This study was carried out in a ward in Njarackal Panchayath in Ernakulam district of Kerala. An initial baseline survey was conducted to assess the current awareness, attitude and practices of dengue & its vector control among the residents of the ward. This was followed by the implementation of standardized BCC Intervention strategy. A post intervention survey was carried out two months later to analyze its impact. Results: This BCC strategy resulted in increasing the awareness regarding dengue and its vector control even though it was found not to be statistically significant. However, the strategy was able to bring about a significant change in the attitude and practice of the people with regard to dengue prevention and control strategies. Conclusions: This BCC strategy was successful in this population due to community acceptance, however it requires constant reinforcement for its sustainability.

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Integrating vaccines and vector control for dengue prevention

10.1603/ice.2016.93070 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas W. Scott

Keyword(s):

Vector Control ◽

Dengue Prevention

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High insecticide resistance mediated by different mechanisms in Culex quinquefasciatus populations from the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86850-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdou Talipouo ◽

Konstantinos Mavridis ◽

Elysée Nchoutpouen ◽

Borel Djiappi-Tchamen ◽

Emmanouil Alexandros Fotakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Vector Control ◽

High Resistance ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽

Control Measures ◽

High Frequencies ◽

The City ◽

Integrated Vector Control

AbstractCulex mosquitoes particularly Culex quinquefasciatus are important arboviral and filariasis vectors, however despite this important epidemiological role, there is still a paucity of data on their bionomics. The present study was undertaken to assess the insecticide resistance status of Cx. quinquefasciatus populations from four districts of Yaoundé (Cameroon). All Culex quinquefasciatus populations except one displayed high resistance to bendiocarb and malathion with mortalities ranging from 0 to 89% while high resistance intensity against both permethrin and deltamethrin was recorded. Molecular analyses revealed high frequencies of the ACE-1 G119S mutation (ranging from 0 to 33%) and kdr L1014F allele (ranging from 55 to 74%) in all Cx. quinquefasciatus populations. Significant overexpression was detected for cytochrome P450s genes CYP6AA7 and CYP6Z10, as well as for Esterase A and Esterase B genes. The total cuticular hydrocarbon content, a proxy of cuticular resistance, was significantly increased (compared to the S-lab strain) in one population. The study confirms strong insecticide resistance mediated by different mechanisms in Cx. quinquefasciatus populations from the city of Yaoundé. The expansion of insecticide resistance in Culex populations could affect the effectiveness of current vector control measures and stress the need for the implementation of integrated vector control strategies in urban settings.

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Predicting Aedes aegypti infestation using landscape and thermal features

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78755-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Camila Lorenz ◽

Marcia C. Castro ◽

Patricia M. P. Trindade ◽

Maurício L. Nogueira ◽

Mariana de Oliveira Lage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Land Surface ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Winter Season ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Thermal Features

AbstractIdentifying Aedes aegypti breeding hotspots in urban areas is crucial for the design of effective vector control strategies. Remote sensing techniques offer valuable tools for mapping habitat suitability. In this study, we evaluated the association between urban landscape, thermal features, and mosquito infestations. Entomological surveys were conducted between 2016 and 2019 in Vila Toninho, a neighborhood of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, in which the numbers of adult female Ae. aegypti were recorded monthly and grouped by season for three years. We used data from 2016 to 2018 to build the model and data from summer of 2019 to validate it. WorldView-3 satellite images were used to extract land cover classes, and land surface temperature data were obtained using the Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). A multilevel negative binomial model was fitted to the data, which showed that the winter season has the greatest influence on decreases in mosquito abundance. Green areas and pavements were negatively associated, and a higher cover of asbestos roofs and exposed soil was positively associated with the presence of adult females. These features are related to socio-economic factors but also provide favorable breeding conditions for mosquitos. The application of remote sensing technologies has significant potential for optimizing vector control strategies, future mosquito suppression, and outbreak prediction.

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Dengue Prevention and 35 Years of Vector Control in Singapore

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3201/eid1206.051210 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 887-893 ◽

Cited By ~ 273

Author(s):

Eng-Eong Ooi ◽

Kee-Tai Goh ◽

Duane J. Gubler

Keyword(s):

Vector Control ◽

Dengue Prevention

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Optimal Control of a Dengue-Dengvaxia Model: Comparison Between Vaccination and Vector Control

Computational and Mathematical Biophysics ◽

10.1515/cmb-2020-0124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 198-212

Author(s):

Cheryl Q. Mentuda

Keyword(s):

Optimal Control ◽

Vector Control ◽

Basic Reproduction Number ◽

Human Population ◽

Model Comparison ◽

Reproduction Number ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Minimum Principle ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

The Basic Reproduction Number

Abstract Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral infection transmitted disease. It is due to the four types of viruses (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4), which transmit through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus female mosquitoes during the daytime. The first globally commercialized vaccine is Dengvaxia, also known as the CYD-TDV vaccine, manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur. This paper presents a Ross-type epidemic model to describe the vaccine interaction between humans and mosquitoes using an entomological mosquito growth population and constant human population. After establishing the basic reproduction number ℛ0, we present three control strategies: vaccination, vector control, and the combination of vaccination and vector control. We use Pontryagin’s minimum principle to characterize optimal control and apply numerical simulations to determine which strategies best suit each compartment. Results show that vector control requires shorter time applications in minimizing mosquito populations. Whereas vaccinating the primary susceptible human population requires a shorter time compared to the secondary susceptible human.

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Public health response and lessons learned from the 2014 chikungunya epidemic in Grenada

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública ◽

10.26633/rpsp.2017.57 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Martin S Forde ◽

Francis Martin ◽

George Mitchell ◽

Satesh Bidaisee

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Vector Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Public Health Response ◽

Island State ◽

Health Response ◽

Multiple Challenges

In June 2014, the first cases of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) were diagnosed on the island of Carriacou, part of the tri-island state of Grenada. In the three months that followed, CHIKV spread rapidly, with conservative estimates of the population infected of at least 60%. Multiple challenges were encountered in the battle to manage the spread and impact of this high–attack rate virus, including 1) limited indigenous laboratory diagnostic capabilities; 2) an under-resourced health care system; 3) a skeptical general public, hesitant to accept facts about the origin and mode of transmission of the new virus; and 4) resistance to the vector control strategies used. Lessons learned from the outbreak included the need for 1) a robust and reliable epidemiological surveillance system; 2) effective strategies for communicating with the general population; 3) exploration of other methods of mosquito vector control; and 4) a careful review of all health care policies and protocols to ensure that effective, organized responses are triggered when an infectious outbreak occurs.

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Monitoring and Evaluation Practices and Performance of County Maternal Health Programmes

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2021.v17n37p39 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (37) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

John Gatimu ◽

Christopher Gakuu ◽

Anne Ndiritu

Keyword(s):

Maternal Health ◽

Capacity Building ◽

Health Sector ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

Evaluation Practices ◽

Health Sector Reforms ◽

And Performance ◽

Descriptive Survey ◽

The Relationship ◽

Health Programmes

The study sought to establish the relationship between monitoring and evaluation practices and performance of County Maternal Health programmes in Kenya. The combined monitoring and evaluation practices included planning for M&E, stakeholder engagement, capacity building for M&E, and M&E data use. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. To obtain 282 respondents, stratified random sampling was used. A self-administered structured questionnaire was the study's research instrument. Using descriptive narratives, qualitative data was analyzed within specific themes. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively using measures of central tendencies and measures of dispersion. Regression was conducted for testing the study hypotheses. Data was presented using frequency tables. The study found that stakeholders’ engagement in M&E and capacity building for M&E influenced the performance of County Maternal Health Programmes in Kenya. The study also found that the respondents agreed that planning for M&E and the data management for M&E. This implied that the combined monitoring and evaluation practices influence performance of County Maternal Health Programmes in Kenya.The study found a strong correlation between the performance of county maternal health programmes and combined monitoring and evaluation practices. The study concluded that combined planning for M&E monitoring and evaluation practices influenced the performance of county maternal health programmes. The study suggests that management develop an effective methodology as well as raise awareness of M&E activities for the success of the project. The study also suggests that human resources issues such as workers charged with monitoring and evaluation ought to have technical capabilities, and roles and duties of monitoring and evaluation personnel should be outlined at the start of projects. To ensure M&E sustainability health sector reforms, investments in strong and vibrant technical harmonization platforms that can sustain the change agenda at all times and every required level.

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