Characterization of Eight Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotypes Using Two-Category Resistant-Susceptible Plant Responses

Fungal and oomycete pathogens of plants and animals are a major global problem. In the last 15 years, many genes required for pathogenesis have been determined for over 50 different species. Other studies have characterized effector genes (previously termed avirulence genes) required to activate host responses. By studying these types of pathogen genes, novel targets for control can be revealed. In this report, we describe the Pathogen-Host Interactions database (PHI-base), which systematically compiles such pathogenicity genes involved in pathogen-host interactions. Here, we focus on the biology that underlies this computational resource: the nature of pathogen-host interactions, the experimental methods that exist for the characterization of such pathogen-host interactions as well as the available computational resources. Based on the data, we review and analyze the specific functions of pathogenicity genes, the host-specific nature of pathogenicity and virulence genes, and the generic mechanisms of effectors that trigger plant responses. We further discuss the utilization of PHI-base for the computational identification of pathogenicity genes through comparative genomics. In this context, the importance of standardizing pathogenicity assays as well as integrating databases to aid comparative genomics is discussed.

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Cloning and characterization of a novel rice gene family encoding putative dual-specificity protein kinases, involved in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses

Plant Science ◽

10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.03.005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 169 (3) ◽

pp. 470-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zhimin Gu ◽

Jianfei Wang ◽

Ji Huang ◽

Hongsheng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Protein Kinases ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Rice Gene ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Dual Specificity ◽

Specificity Protein

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Molecular characterization of Russian wheat aphid consumption by spiders in winter wheat

Journal of Arachnology ◽

10.1636/p11-76.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 71-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lauren M. Kerzicnik ◽

Eric G. Chapman ◽

James D. Harwood ◽

Frank B. Peairs ◽

Paula E. Cushing

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Russian Wheat Aphid ◽

Aphid Consumption

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Development and Characterization of Wheat Germplasm with Combined Resistance to Russian Wheat Aphid and Stem Rust (Race “Ug99”) in Kenya

American Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.4236/ajps.2013.44095 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. 767-773 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fredrick O. Amulaka ◽

Joyce N. Maling’a ◽

Mehmet Cakir ◽

Richard M. S. Mulwa

Keyword(s):

Stem Rust ◽

Russian Wheat Aphid ◽

Wheat Germplasm

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Cloning and Characterization of Maize ZmASK1, a Homologue to shaggy/GSK-3-Like Gene, Involved in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses

Acta Agronomica Sinica ◽

10.1016/s1875-2780(08)60006-1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 184-191

Author(s):

Hua-Wen ZOU ◽

Zhong-Yi WU ◽

Xiu-Hai ZHANG ◽

Yong-Qin WANG ◽

Qing YANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Plant Responses

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Noncoding-RNA-Mediated Regulation in Response to Macronutrient Stress in Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222011205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (20) ◽

pp. 11205

Author(s):

Ziwei Li ◽

Peng Tian ◽

Tengbo Huang ◽

Jianzi Huang

Keyword(s):

Noncoding Rna ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Theoretical Study ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Molecular Networks ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Crop Breeding ◽

Target Module

Macronutrient elements including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) are required in relatively large and steady amounts for plant growth and development. Deficient or excessive supply of macronutrients from external environments may trigger a series of plant responses at phenotypic and molecular levels during the entire life cycle. Among the intertwined molecular networks underlying plant responses to macronutrient stress, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), may serve as pivotal regulators for the coordination between nutrient supply and plant demand, while the responsive ncRNA-target module and the interactive mechanism vary among elements and species. Towards a comprehensive identification and functional characterization of nutrient-responsive ncRNAs and their downstream molecules, high-throughput sequencing has produced massive omics data for comparative expression profiling as a first step. In this review, we highlight the recent findings of ncRNA-mediated regulation in response to macronutrient stress, with special emphasis on the large-scale sequencing efforts for screening out candidate nutrient-responsive ncRNAs in plants, and discuss potential improvements in theoretical study to provide better guidance for crop breeding practices.

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A simple high efficiency and low cost in vitro growth system for phenotypic characterization and seed propagation of Arabidopsis thaliana

10.1101/2020.08.23.263491 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Taras Pasternak ◽

Benedetto Ruperti ◽

Klaus Palme

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Root System ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Whole Life Cycle

ABSTRACTBackgroundArabidopsis research relies extensively on the use of in vitro growth for phenotypic analysis of the seedlings and characterization of plant responses to intrinsic and extrinsic cues. For this purpose, stress-free optimal growth conditions should be set up and used as a reference especially in studies aimed at characterizing the plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Currently used standard in vitro protocols for growth and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana plants often suffer from sub-optimal composition due to an excessively high nutritional content which represents a stress per se and an experimental bias.ResultsWe describe a simple protocol for in vitro growth of Arabidopsis plants in which the phenotypic analysis is based on an optimized and nutritionally balanced culture medium. We show that the protocol is robustly applicable for growth of several Arabidopsis mutants, including mutants lacking the root system. This protocol enables rapid high scale seed production in vitro avoiding soil usage while saving space and time. The optimized in vitro protocol aims at: 1) making in vitro growth as close as possible to natural soil conditions by optimizing nutrient balance in the medium; 2) simplifying phenotypic and molecular investigation of individual plants by standardizing all steps of plant growth; 3) enabling seeds formation also in genotypes with severe defect in the root system; 4) minimizing the amount of waste and space for plant growth by avoiding soil usage.ConclusionsHere we report an optimized protocol for optimal growth of Arabidopsis thaliana plants to avoid biases in phenotypic observation of abiotic/biotic stress experiments. The protocol also enables the completion of the whole life cycle in vitro within 40-45 days and a satisfactory seed set for further propagation with no need for facilities for plant growth in soil and seed sterilisation.

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