Influence of Trap Design on Upwind Flight Behavior and Capture of Female Grape Berry Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) With a Kairomone Lure

In recent years, more and more reports have shown that the miR156-SPL module can participate in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in plants. However, little is known about how this module responds to hormonal signals manipulating this process in grapes. In this study, exogenous GA, ABA, MeJA, and NAA were used to treat the ‘Wink’ grape berries before color conversion, anthocyanin and other related quality physiological indexes (such as sugar, aroma) were determined, and spatio-temporal expression patterns of related genes were analyzed. The results showed that the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d showed a gradually rising trend with the ripening and color formation of grape berries, and the highest expression levels were detected at day 28 after treatment, while the expression level of VvSPL9 exhibited an opposite trend as a whole, which further verifies that VvmiR156b/c/d can negatively regulate VvSPL9. Besides, VvmiR156b/c/d was positively correlated with anthocyanin content and related genes levels, while the expression pattern of VvSPL9 showed a negative correlation. Analysis of promoter cis-elements and GUS staining showed that VvmiR156b/c/d contained a large number of hormone response cis-elements (ABA, GA, SA, MeJA, and NAA) and were involved in hormone regulation. Exogenous ABA and MeJA treatments significantly upregulated the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d and anthocyanin structural genes in the early stage of color conversion and made grape berries quickly colored. Interestingly, GA treatment downregulated the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d and anthocyanin structural genes in the early color-change period, but significantly upregulated in the middle color-change and ripening stages, therefore GA mainly modulated grape berry coloring in the middle- and late-ripening stages. Furthermore, NAA treatment downregulated the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d and anthocyanin structural genes and delayed the peak expression of genes. Meanwhile, to further recognize the potential functions of VvmiR156b/c/d, the mature tomato transient trangenetic system was utilized in this work. Results showed that transient overexpression of VvmiR156b/c/d in tomato promoted fruit coloring and overexpression of VvSPL9 inhibited fruit coloration. Finally, a regulatory network of the VvmiR156b/c/d-VvSPL9 module responsive to hormones modulating anthocyanin synthesis was developed. In conclusion, VvmiR156b/c/d-mediated VvSPL9 participated in the formation of grape color in response to multi-hormone signals.

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Comprehensive Study of Variety Oenological Potential Using Statistic Tools for the Efficient Use of Non-Renewable Resources

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11094003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4003

Author(s):

Sílvia Petronilho ◽

Alisa Rudnitskaya ◽

Manuel A. Coimbra ◽

Sílvia M. Rocha

Keyword(s):

Renewable Resources ◽

Antiradical Activity ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Total Sugars ◽

Components Analysis ◽

Harvest Year ◽

Grape Varieties ◽

Comprehensive Study

The evaluation of the variety suitability regarding each appellation’s specificities should be a strategy for maximizing the varieties’ oenological potential while contributing to the sustainable production of quality wines, keeping their typicity and rationalizing winemaking costs. Thus, the combination of several grape physicochemical attributes, modulated by climate and vineyard characteristics, providing knowledge for each grape variety’s oenological potential, is a relevant and reliable support for winemakers’ decisions. To prove this hypothesis, six mature grape varieties from three harvests, each one from three vineyard parcels with different topographical conditions from Bairrada Appellation (Portugal), were studied using analysis of variance–simultaneous components analysis (ASCA). The effects of harvest year and parcel on grape berry weight, pH, titratable acidity, total sugars, total phenolics, antiradical activity, and volatile composition in free and glycosidically-linked forms were analyzed. The compositional plasticity of autochthonous varieties (white Arinto and Bical and red Baga, Castelão, and Touriga Nacional) was observed. Sauvignon Blanc grape composition was significantly modulated by harvest. This study represents an important contribution for the maintenance of varieties’ biodiversity while contributing to establishing their peculiarities. Autochthonous varieties, if accurately exploited, can provide higher characteristic diversity than worldwide used varieties, an aspect to be more objectively taken into consideration by winemakers.

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Models Applied to Grapevine Pests: A Review

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12020169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Federico Lessio ◽

Alberto Alma

Keyword(s):

Lobesia Botrana ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Homalodisca Vitripennis ◽

Flavescence Dorée ◽

Or Groups ◽

Scaphoideus Titanus ◽

Different Types ◽

Computer Based ◽

Biological Aspects ◽

Definition Of

This paper reviews the existing predictive models concerning insects and mites harmful to grapevine. A brief conceptual description is given on the definition of a model and about different types of models: deterministic vs. stochastics, continuous vs. discrete, analytical vs. computer-based, and descriptive vs. data-driven. The main biological aspects of grapevine pests covered by different types of models are phenology, population growth and dynamics, species distribution, and invasion risk. A particular emphasis is put on forecasting epidemics of plant disease agents transmitted by insects with sucking-piercing mouthparts. The most investigated species or groups are the glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) and other vectors of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, a bacterium agent of Pierce’s disease; the European grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermuller); and the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball, the main vector of phytoplasmas agents of Flavescence dorée. Finally, the present and future of decision-support systems (DSS) in viticulture is discussed.

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Insights in genetic diversity of German and Italian grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella) populations using novel microsatellite markers

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83855-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Annette Reineke ◽

Alberto Pozzebon ◽

Olivia Herczynski ◽

Carlo Duso

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Eupoecilia Ambiguella ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Significant Divergence ◽

Lepidopteran Pest

AbstractThe grape berry moth Eupoecilia ambiguella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is causing significant damage to grape berries, however, little is known on population genetics of this lepidopteran pest insect, hindered so far by the lack of suitable molecular markers. Here we report on the development of ten microsatellite markers of which six were used to characterise 21 E. ambiguella populations obtained from two viticultural regions in Germany and Italy. Moths were sampled during two subsequent generations (flights) in the same vineyard as well as in vineyards surrounded by different landscape types. German and Italian populations were genetically differentiated and a significant isolation by distance was evident. No significant divergence was observed among the populations from first or second flight moths, however, inbreeding was higher in first than in second flight populations. Moreover, inbreeding was influenced by habitat composition and complexity of landscape around vineyards, being positively associated with the percentage of area covered by grapevine. Population genetics of E. ambiguella could thus be affected by the presence of alternative host plants in viticultural landscapes, which is important in the light of both insecticide resistance management and sustainable pest management.

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Climate change and wildfire-induced alteration of fight-or-flight behavior

Climate Change Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100012

Author(s):

Camdon B. Kay ◽

David J. Delehanty ◽

Devaleena S. Pradhan ◽

Joshua B. Grinath

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Flight Behavior ◽

Fight Or Flight

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