scholarly journals Semantic Attachments for HTN Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 9933-9940
Author(s):  
Maurício Cecílio Magnaguagno ◽  
Felipe Meneguzzi
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
The State ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Htn Planning ◽  
Task Networks ◽  
Expensive Process

Hierarchical Task Networks (HTN) planning uses a decomposition process guided by domain knowledge to guide search towards a planning task. While many HTN planners allow calls to external processes (e.g. to a simulator interface) during the decomposition process, this is a computationally expensive process, so planner implementations often use such calls in an ad-hoc way using very specialized domain knowledge to limit the number of calls. Conversely, the classical planners that are capable of using external calls (often called semantic attachments) during planning are limited to generating a fixed number of ground operators at problem grounding time. We formalize Semantic Attachments for HTN planning using semi coroutines, allowing such procedurally defined predicates to link the planning process to custom unifications outside of the planner, such as numerical results from a robotics simulator. The resulting planner then uses such coroutines as part of its backtracking mechanism to search through parallel dimensions of the state-space (e.g. through numeric variables). We show empirically that our planner outperforms the state-of-the-art numeric planners in a number of domains using minimal extra domain knowledge.

An Explorative Study of Virtual Product Placement

2011 ◽  
pp. 122-147
Author(s):  
Chia-Hu Chang ◽  
Ja-Ling Wu
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Design Space ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Product Placement ◽  
The State ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Advertising Message ◽  
Computational Aesthetics ◽  
The Right ◽  
Virtual Product

With the aid of content-based multimedia analysis, virtual product placement opens up new opportunities for advertisers to effectively monetize the existing videos in an efficient way. In addition, a number of significant and challenging issues are raising accordingly, such as how to less-intrusively insert the contextually relevant advertising message (what) at the right place (where) and the right time (when) with the attractive representation (how) in the videos. In this chapter, domain knowledge in support of delivering and receiving the advertising message is introduced, such as the advertising theory, psychology and computational aesthetics. We briefly review the state of the art techniques for assisting virtual product placement in videos. In addition, we present a framework to serve the virtual spotlighted advertising (ViSA) for virtual product placement and give an explorative study of it. Moreover, observations about the new trend and possible extension in the design space of virtual product placement will also be stated and discussed. We believe that it would inspire the researchers to develop more interesting and applicable multimedia advertising systems for virtual product placement.

scholarly journals Using Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence to Explore the Nutrition and Sustainability of Recipes and Food

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke van Erp ◽  
Christian Reynolds ◽  
Diana Maynard ◽  
Alain Starke ◽  
Rebeca Ibáñez Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Use Cases

In this paper, we discuss the use of natural language processing and artificial intelligence to analyze nutritional and sustainability aspects of recipes and food. We present the state-of-the-art and some use cases, followed by a discussion of challenges. Our perspective on addressing these is that while they typically have a technical nature, they nevertheless require an interdisciplinary approach combining natural language processing and artificial intelligence with expert domain knowledge to create practical tools and comprehensive analysis for the food domain.

scholarly journals Encouraging an appropriate representation simplifies training of neural networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Krisztian Buza
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
The State ◽  
Training Algorithm ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Generalization Ability ◽  
End To End

AbstractA common assumption about neural networks is that they can learn an appropriate internal representation on their own, see e.g. end-to-end learning. In this work we challenge this assumption. We consider two simple tasks and show that the state-of-the-art training algorithm fails, although the model itself is able to represent an appropriate solution. We will demonstrate that encouraging an appropriate internal representation allows the same model to solve these tasks. While we do not claim that it is impossible to solve these tasks by other means (such as neural networks with more layers), our results illustrate that integration of domain knowledge in form of a desired internal representation may improve the generalization ability of neural networks.

scholarly journals On Guiding Search in HTN Planning with Classical Planning Heuristics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Höller ◽  
Pascal Bercher ◽  
Gregor Behnke ◽  
Susanne Biundo
Keyword(s):  
Heuristic Search ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Hierarchical Planning ◽  
Htn Planning ◽  
Domain Independent

Planning is the task of finding a sequence of actions that achieves the goal(s) of an agent. It is solved based on a model describing the environment and how to change it. There are several approaches to solve planning tasks, two of the most popular are classical planning and hierarchical planning. Solvers are often based on heuristic search, but especially regarding domain-independent heuristics, techniques in classical planning are more sophisticated. However, due to the different problem classes, it is difficult to use them in hierarchical planning. In this paper we describe how to use arbitrary classical heuristics in hierarchical planning and show that the resulting system outperforms the state of the art in hierarchical planning.

scholarly journals A Review on Bitumen Rejuvenation: Mechanisms, Materials, Methods and Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loise ◽  
Caputo ◽  
Porto ◽  
Calandra ◽  
Angelico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
The State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Novel Approach

This review aims to explore the state of the knowledge and the state-of-the-art regarding bitumen rejuvenation. In particular, attention was paid to clear things up about the rejuvenator mechanism of action. Frequently, the terms rejuvenator and flux oil, or oil (i.e., softening agent) are used as if they were synonymous. According to our knowledge, these two terms refer to substances producing different modifications to the aged bitumen: they can decrease the viscosity (softening agents), or, in addition to this, restore the original microstructure (real rejuvenators). In order to deal with the argument in its entirety, the bitumen is investigated in terms of chemical structure and microstructural features. Proper investigating tools are, therefore, needed to distinguish the different mechanisms of action of the various types of bitumen, so attention is focused on recent research and the use of different investigation techniques to distinguish between various additives. Methods based on organic synthesis can also be used to prepare ad-hoc rejuvenating molecules with higher performances. The interplay of chemical interaction, structural changes and overall effect of the additive is then presented in terms of the modern concepts of complex systems, which furnishes valid arguments to suggest X-ray scattering and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance relaxometry experiments as vanguard and forefront tools to study bitumen. Far from being a standard review, this work represents a critical analysis of the state-of-the-art taking into account for the molecular basis at the origin of the observed behavior. Furnishing a novel viewpoint for the study of bitumen based on the concepts of the complex systems in physics, it constitutes a novel approach for the study of these systems.

scholarly journals Multi-criteria planning model of engines parts additive manufacturing

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 01119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Kokareva ◽  
Anton Agapovichev ◽  
Anton Sotov ◽  
Vitaliy Smelov ◽  
Vadim Sufiiarov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Process Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Additive Process ◽  
Planning Methods

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of an additive process planning methods amd models. Paper deals with the literature review of the planning process of additive manufacturing. The study also demonstrate multi-criteria planning model of engines parts additive manufacturing using multi-attributes decision-making problems approach.

FipsOrtho: A spell checker for learners of French

ReCALL ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
SÉBASTIEN L’HAIRE
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Unknown Word ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Spell Checker

This paper presents FipsOrtho, a spell checker targeted at learners of French, and a corpus of learners’ errors which has been gathered to test the system and to get a sample of specific language learners’ errors. Spell checkers are a standard feature of many software products, however they are not designed for specific language learners’ errors. After a brief review of the state of the art, we describe the system’s architecture and interfaces. Then we describe our error typology and detail the techniques used to retrieve words and to order proposals appropriately: alphacode, phoneticization, ad-hoc, capitalization, apostrophe, and word separation error methods. Proposals are sorted by a score depending on the method(s) used to retrieve them, on the expected lexical category, gender, number and person, and on the string proximity with the unknown word. Then the test results are presented: a list of individual words containing errors was submitted to the alphacode and phoneticization methods; a corpus of authentic learners’ errors was gathered and analyzed. Finally we conclude the paper with some limitations of the system and ideas for future research.

scholarly journals Heterotic computing: exploiting hybrid computational devices

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2046) ◽  
pp. 20150091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viv Kendon ◽  
Angelika Sebald ◽  
Susan Stepney
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Computational Theory ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Computational Systems

Current computational theory deals almost exclusively with single models: classical, neural, analogue, quantum, etc. In practice, researchers use ad hoc combinations, realizing only recently that they can be fundamentally more powerful than the individual parts. A Theo Murphy meeting brought together theorists and practitioners of various types of computing, to engage in combining the individual strengths to produce powerful new heterotic devices. ‘Heterotic computing’ is defined as a combination of two or more computational systems such that they provide an advantage over either substrate used separately. This post-meeting collection of articles provides a wide-ranging survey of the state of the art in diverse computational paradigms, together with reflections on their future combination into powerful and practical applications.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

Hypothesis-Evidence Coordination: The State of the Art

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Amsel
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State
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