scholarly journals DARPA’s Impact on Artificial Intelligence

AI Magazine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Scott Fouse ◽  
Stephen Cross ◽  
Zachary Lapin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
National Security ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The World ◽  
Hard Problems

The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency’s (DARPA) mission is to make pivotal investments leading to research breakthroughs that support national security. DARPA artificial intelligence (AI) programs have emphasized the need for machines to perceive and interact with the world around them; to frame problems and to arrive at solutions and decisions based on reasoning; to implement those decisions, perhaps through consultation with a human or another machine; to learn; to explain the rationale for decisions; to adhere to rules of ethical behavior defined for humans; to adapt to dynamic environments; and, to do all of this in real-time. In short, DARPA has always been interested in AI frameworks that integrate AI and computer science technologies, and the application of those frameworks to DARPA-hard problems. In this article, we describe the significant role that DARPA has played in the establishment of AI, and introduce six articles that explore DARPA’s Three Waves of AI.

scholarly journals In Memoriam: RAYMOND REITER June 12, 1939 – September 16, 2002

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. i-ix
Author(s):  
Jack Minker
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Theorem Proving ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Research Scientist ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
The World ◽  
In Memoriam ◽  
The University

Raymond Reiter, Professor of computer science at the University of Toronto, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and winner of the 1993 – IJCAI Outstanding Research Scientist Award, died September 16, 2002, after a year-long struggle with cancer. Reiter, known throughout the world as “Ray,” made foundational contributions to artificial intelligence, knowledge representation and databases, and theorem proving.

scholarly journals Can models of agents be transferred between different areas?

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUTH AYLETT ◽  
KERSTIN DAUTENHAHN ◽  
JIM DORAN ◽  
MICHAEL LUCK ◽  
SCOTT MOSS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
Sustained Activity ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Multi Agent

One of the main reasons for the sustained activity and interest in the field of agent-based systems, apart from the obvious recognition of its value as a natural and intuitive way of understanding the world, is its reach into very many different and distinct fields of investigation. Indeed, the notions of agents and multi-agent systems are relevant to fields ranging from economics to robotics, in contributing to the foundations of the field, being influenced by ongoing research, and in providing many domains of application. While these various disciplines constitute a rich and diverse environment for agent research, the way in which they may have been linked by it is a much less considered issue. The purpose of this panel was to examine just this concern, in the relationships between different areas that have resulted from agent research. Informed by the experience of the participants in the areas of robotics, social simulation, economics, computer science and artificial intelligence, the discussion was lively and sometimes heated.

scholarly journals Uncontrolled mutation of super-intelligent machines may lead to the destruction of humanity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sanjeevan Singha Roy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Theoretical Computer Science ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Theoretical Computer ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Singularity

<p>If in future, the highly intelligent machines control the world, then what would be its advantages and disadvantages? Will, those artificial intelligence powered superintelligent machines become an anathema for humanity or will they ease out the human works by guiding humans in complicated tasks, thereby extending a helping hand to the human works making them comfortable. Recent studies in theoretical computer science especially artificial intelligence predicted something called ‘technological singularity’ or the ‘intelligent explosion’ and if this happens then there can be a further stage as transfused machinery intelligence and actual intelligence where the machines being immensely powerful with a cognitive capacity more than that of humans for solving ‘immensely complicated tasks’ can takeover the humans and even the machines by more intelligent machines of superhuman intelligence. Therefore, it is troublesome and worry-full to think that ‘if in case the machines turned out against humans for their optimal domination in this planet’. Can humans have any chances to avoid them by bypassing the inevitable ‘hard singularity’ through a set of ‘soft singularity’. This paper discusses all the facts in details along with significant calculations showing humanity, how to avoid the hard singularity when the progress of intelligence is inevitable. </p>

scholarly journals Prospects for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Current Agenda of Political and Social Risks of Global Transformations

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
V. Bagdasaryan ◽  
P. Baldin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
National Security ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Political Risks ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern System

The purpose of this research was to identify political and social risks for humanity and Russia in connection with the development of artificial intelligence technologies. Methodologically, the research correlates with the direction of political scientific futurology. When identifying political risks of the development of artificial intelligence, the method of scenario forecasting is used. Based on the study of scientific literature and public discourse, the main positions in understanding the threats to the development of artificial intelligence for humanity are identified. In the course of the study, eleven possible groups of political and social risks were identified based on the analysis of various futurological models. The conclusion is made about the production of risks by the modern system of the world social structure, its contradictions and conflicts. It is emphasized that the need for developments in the field of artificial intelligence is due to the threats of falling behind potential opponents and competitors, which may mean the loss of Russia's sovereign status. The results of the research can be used as a basis for practical developments on the modernization of the national security system of Russia in connection with the actualization of the risks of the development of artificial intelligence technologies. In theoretical and methodological meaning the presented research can be used for further understanding of new technological realities and prospects through the prism of political science analysis.

scholarly journals Uncontrolled mutation of super-intelligent machines may lead to the destruction of humanity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sanjeevan Singha Roy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Theoretical Computer Science ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Theoretical Computer ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Singularity

<p>If in future, the highly intelligent machines control the world, then what would be its advantages and disadvantages? Will, those artificial intelligence powered superintelligent machines become an anathema for humanity or will they ease out the human works by guiding humans in complicated tasks, thereby extending a helping hand to the human works making them comfortable. Recent studies in theoretical computer science especially artificial intelligence predicted something called ‘technological singularity’ or the ‘intelligent explosion’ and if this happens then there can be a further stage as transfused machinery intelligence and actual intelligence where the machines being immensely powerful with a cognitive capacity more than that of humans for solving ‘immensely complicated tasks’ can takeover the humans and even the machines by more intelligent machines of superhuman intelligence. Therefore, it is troublesome and worry-full to think that ‘if in case the machines turned out against humans for their optimal domination in this planet’. Can humans have any chances to avoid them by bypassing the inevitable ‘hard singularity’ through a set of ‘soft singularity’. This paper discusses all the facts in details along with significant calculations showing humanity, how to avoid the hard singularity when the progress of intelligence is inevitable. </p>

The Summers and Winters of Artificial Intelligence

2019 ◽  
pp. 168-179
Author(s):  
Tad Gonsalves
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
John Mccarthy ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Equivalent

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science whose aim is to make computers intelligent. These “intelligent” activities include thinking, reasoning, receiving stimuli from the environment and responding to them, solving puzzles, speaking and understanding language, etc. It was John McCarthy who coined the word artificial intelligence at the conference on computers in Dartmouth in 1954, indicating that its goal was to achieve a digital equivalent of human-level intelligence. In the 1970s, AI entered a low-productive period known as the AI winter. During this period, scientific and notably commercial activities in AI dropped dramatically. The victory of IBM's Deep Blue AI program over the reigning world chess champion in 1997 is probably hailed as the biggest achievement of AI. Yet another great AI achievement is the victory of IBM's Watson over the world Jeopardy champions in 2011. This chapter is a brief outline of how, through numerous ups and downs, AI has come to be where it currently is, and where we might expect it to be heading in the next couple of decades.

Quantum-Computing-Inspired Algorithms in Machine Learning

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Deeksha Kaul ◽  
Harika Raju ◽  
B. K. Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms

In this chapter, the authors discuss the use of quantum computing concepts to optimize the decision-making capability of classical machine learning algorithms. Machine learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, implements various techniques to train a computer to learn and adapt to various real-time tasks. With the volume of data exponentially increasing, solving the same problems using classical algorithms becomes more tedious and time consuming. Quantum computing has varied applications in many areas of computer science. One such area which has been transformed a lot through the introduction of quantum computing is machine learning. Quantum computing, with its ability to perform tasks in logarithmic time, aids in overcoming the limitations of classical machine learning algorithms.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Cyber Security Applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Shanqi Pang ◽  
Yongmei Li
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Defense ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
The Future

Considering the enhancement in technology, criminals have been using cyberspace in order to commit many crimes. Therefore, it should be noted that cybercrimes are exposed to a number of threats and intrusions if not safeguarded well. Human and physical intervention tend not to be very adequate for the protection and tracking of such infrastructure, that is why there should be the establishment of multifaceted cyber defense networks, which are flexible, robust, and adjustable in order sense a massive collection of invasion and creation of real-time choices. Nevertheless, significant number of bio-related computing techniques of AI (artificial intelligence) tend to be increasing hence a significant role is played in detecting and preventing cybercrime. The main aim of this paper is outlining the actual advancement that have been made possible due to the application of AI methods for the fight against cybercrimes, in order to reveal how the methods are efficient in sensing and preventing cyber invasions, also providing a brief overview of the future works.

scholarly journals The Universal Artificial Intelligence Efforts to Face Coronavirus COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maged Farouk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
National Security ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Intelligent Cities

Artificial intelligence (AI) has already changed the world and has made an effective impact in a range of fields including industry, criminal law, health, national security, transport, nanotechnology, intelligent cities as well as issues such as algorithms and access to the data.  This paper shows how these technologies are a great asset to humans and are programmed to reduce human effort as much as possible. They tend to possess the capability to work in an automated fashion. Therefore, manual intervention is the last thing that could be asked for or seen while operating parts associated with this technology. As well as the paper shows the different universal efforts of AI techniques to face the pandemic of COVID-19.

The Summers and Winters of Artificial Intelligence

2018 ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Tad Gonsalves
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
John Mccarthy ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Equivalent

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of Computer Science whose aim is to make computers intelligent. These “intelligent” activities, include thinking, reasoning, receiving stimuli from the environment and responding to them, solving puzzles, speaking and understanding language, etc. It was John McCarthy who coined the word, “Artificial Intelligence” at the conference on computers in Dartmouth in 1954 indicating that its goal was to achieve a digital equivalent of human level intelligence. In 1970s, AI entered a low-productive period known as the AI winter. During this period, scientific and notably commercial activities in AI dropped dramatically. The victory of IBM's Deep Blue AI program over the reigning world chess champion in 1997 is probably hailed as the biggest achievement of AI. Yet another great AI achievement is the victory of IBM's Watson over the world Jeopardy champions in 2011. This chapter is a brief outline of how through numerous ups and downs AI has come to be where it currently is, and where we might expect it to be heading in the next couple of decades.

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