scholarly journals On Reachability, Relevance, and Resolution in the Planning as Satisfiability Approach

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Brafman
Keyword(s):  
Relative Merit ◽  
Pruning Algorithms ◽  
Unit Propagation ◽  
Planning Problems ◽  
Pruning Techniques ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Pruning Methods

In recent years, there is a growing awareness of the importance of reachability and relevance-based pruning techniques for planning, but little work specifically targets these techniques. In this paper, we compare the ability of two classes of algorithms to propagate and discover reachability and relevance constraints in classical planning problems. The first class of algorithms operates on SAT encoded planning problems obtained using the linear and Graphplan encoding schemes. It applies unit-propagation and more general resolution steps (involving larger clauses) to these plan encodings. The second class operates at the plan level and contains two families of pruning algorithms: Reachable-k and Relevant-k. Reachable-k provides a coherent description of a number of existing forward pruning techniques used in numerous algorithms, while Relevant-k captures different grades of backward pruning. Our results shed light on the ability of different plan-encoding schemes to propagate information forward and backward and on the relative merit of plan-level and SAT-level pruning methods.

scholarly journals Lifted Fact-Alternating Mutex Groups and Pruned Grounding of Classical Planning Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 9835-9842
Author(s):  
Daniel Fišer
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Inference Algorithm ◽  
Planning Problems ◽  
Pruning Techniques

In this paper, we focus on the inference of mutex groups in the lifted (PDDL) representation. We formalize the inference and prove that the most commonly used translator from the Fast Downward (FD) planning system infers a certain subclass of mutex groups, called fact-alternating mutex groups (fam-groups). Based on that, we show that the previously proposed fam-groups-based pruning techniques for the STRIPS representation can be utilized during the grounding process with lifted fam-groups, i.e., before the full STRIPS representation is known. Furthermore, we propose an improved inference algorithm for lifted fam-groups that produces a richer set of fam-groups than the FD translator and we demonstrate a positive impact on the number of pruned operators and overall coverage.

scholarly journals Neurons vs Weights Pruning in Artificial Neural Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Bondarenko ◽  
Arkady Borisov ◽  
Ludmila Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
Pruning Algorithms ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Accuracy Rates ◽  
Pruning Techniques ◽  
Growing Neural Networks

<p class="R-AbstractKeywords">Artificial neural networks (ANN) are well known for their good classification abilities. Recent advances in deep learning imposed second ANN renaissance. But neural networks possesses some problems like choosing hyper parameters such as neuron layers count and sizes which can greatly influence classification rate. Thus pruning techniques were developed that can reduce network sizes, increase its generalization abilities and overcome overfitting. Pruning approaches, in contrast to growing neural networks approach, assume that sufficiently large ANN is already trained and can be simplified with acceptable classification accuracy loss.</p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords">Current paper compares nodes vs weights pruning algorithms and gives experimental results for pruned networks accuracy rates versus their non-pruned counterparts. We conclude that nodes pruning is more preferable solution, with some sidenotes.</p>

scholarly journals Solving Hard AI Planning Instances Using Curriculum-Driven Deep Reinforcement Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieqiao Feng ◽  
Carla Gomes ◽  
Bart Selman
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Training Curriculum ◽  
Ai Planning ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Planning Task ◽  
Planning Problems ◽  
Pruning Techniques

Despite significant progress in general AI planning, certain domains remain out of reach of current AI planning systems. Sokoban is a PSPACE-complete planning task and represents one of the hardest domains for current AI planners. Even domain-specific specialized search methods fail quickly due to the exponential search complexity on hard instances. Our approach based on deep reinforcement learning augmented with a curriculum-driven method is the first one to solve hard instances within one day of training while other modern solvers cannot solve these instances within any reasonable time limit. In contrast to prior efforts, which use carefully handcrafted pruning techniques, our approach automatically uncovers domain structure. Our results reveal that deep RL provides a promising framework for solving previously unsolved AI planning problems, provided a proper training curriculum can be devised.

scholarly journals Pruning algorithms of neural networks — a comparative study

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Augasta ◽  
T. Kathirvalavakumar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Pruning Algorithms ◽  
Pruning Techniques

AbstractThe neural network with optimal architecture speeds up the learning process and generalizes the problem well for further knowledge extraction. As a result researchers have developed various techniques for pruning the neural networks. This paper provides a survey of existing pruning techniques that optimize the architecture of neural networks and discusses their advantages and limitations. Also the paper evaluates the effectiveness of various pruning techniques by comparing the performance of some traditional and recent pruning algorithms based on sensitivity analysis, mutual information and significance on four real datasets namely Iris, Wisconsin breast cancer, Hepatitis Domain and Pima Indian Diabetes.

Elucidating cyclic AMP signaling in subcellular domains with optogenetic tools and fluorescent biosensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Klausen ◽  
Fabian Kaiser ◽  
Birthe Stüven ◽  
Jan N. Hansen ◽  
Dagmar Wachten
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensors ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cyclic Amp Signaling

The second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.

Sentence-Based Experience Logging in New Hearing Aid Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Katja Lund ◽  
Rodrigo Ordoñez ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen ◽  
Dorte Hammershøi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Hearing Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a tool to gain insight into the daily experiences of new hearing aid users and to shed light on aspects of aided performance that may not be unveiled through standard questionnaires. Method The tool is developed based on clinical observations, patient experiences, expert involvement, and existing validated hearing rehabilitation questionnaires. Results An online tool for collecting data related to hearing aid use was developed. The tool is based on 453 prefabricated sentences representing experiences within 13 categories related to hearing aid use. Conclusions The tool has the potential to reflect a wide range of individual experiences with hearing aid use, including auditory and nonauditory aspects. These experiences may hold important knowledge for both the patient and the professional in the hearing rehabilitation process.

Pearls Shed Light on Tx for Dark-Skinned Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
HEIDI SPLETE
Keyword(s):  
Shed Light

The Role of Zinc in Thyroid Hormones Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Soares Severo ◽  
Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais ◽  
Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho de Freitas ◽  
Ana Letícia Pereira Andrade ◽  
Mayara Monte Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Zinc Transporters ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. Thyroid hormones play an important role in body homeostasis by facilitating metabolism of lipids and glucose, regulating metabolic adaptations, responding to changes in energy intake, and controlling thermogenesis. Proper metabolism and action of these hormones requires the participation of various nutrients. Among them is zinc, whose interaction with thyroid hormones is complex. It is known to regulate both the synthesis and mechanism of action of these hormones. In the present review, we aim to shed light on the regulatory effects of zinc on thyroid hormones. Scientific evidence shows that zinc plays a key role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, specifically by regulating deiodinases enzymes activity, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesis, as well as by modulating the structures of essential transcription factors involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Serum concentrations of zinc also appear to influence the levels of serum T3, T4 and TSH. In addition, studies have shown that Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are present in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, but their functions remain unknown. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the roles of zinc in regulation of thyroid hormones metabolism, and their importance in the treatment of several diseases associated with thyroid gland dysfunction.

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