Detection of Neighboring Weeds Alters Soybean Seedling Roots and Nodulation

Crop and weed competition studies rarely determine how plant-to-plant interactions alter the structure and physiology of crop roots. Soybean has the ability to detect neighboring weeds and to alter growth patterns including the allocation of resources to root growth. In this study, we hypothesized that low red : far red light ratio (R : FR) reflected from aboveground vegetative tissue of neighboring weeds would alter soybean root morphology and reduce root biomass and nodule number. All experiments were conducted under controlled conditions in which resources of light, water, and nutrients were nonlimiting. Low R : FR reflected from aboveground neighboring weeds reduced soybean seedling root length, surface area, and volume, including the number of nodules per plant. An accumulation of H2O2, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, a reduction in flavonoid content, and a decrease in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)–radicle scavenging activity were observed. The reduction in flavonoid content was accompanied by a decrease in the transcription ofGmIFS andGmN93 and an increase in transcript levels of several antioxidant genes. These molecular and physiological changes may have a physiological cost to the soybean plant, which may limit the plant's ability to respond to subsequent abiotic and biotic stresses that will occur under field conditions.

Download Full-text

Effects of bisphenol A on mineral nutrition in soybean seedling roots

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1002/etc.2770 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lijun Nie ◽

Lihong Wang ◽

Qingqing Wang ◽

Shengman Wang ◽

Qing Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Soybean Seedling ◽

Seedling Roots

Download Full-text

Combined effects of bisphenol A and cadmium on growth and nitrate assimilation of soybean seedling roots

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1002/etc.2647 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 2013-2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhaoguo Sun ◽

Lihong Wang ◽

Qingqing Wang ◽

Qing Zhou ◽

Xiaohua Huang

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Nitrate Assimilation ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Soybean Seedling ◽

Seedling Roots

Download Full-text

Roles of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites during Interactions with Pathogenic and Beneficial Microbes under Conditions of Environmental Stress

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7090362 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 362 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kei Hiruma

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Environmental Stress ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Plant Adaptation ◽

Vast Array ◽

Beneficial Microbes ◽

Biotic Stresses

Under natural conditions, plants generate a vast array of secondary metabolites. Several of these accumulate at widely varying levels in the same plant species and are reportedly critical for plant adaptation to abiotic and/or biotic stresses. Some secondary metabolite pathways are required for beneficial interactions with bacterial and fungal microbes and are also regulated by host nutrient availability so that beneficial interactions are enforced. These observations suggest an interplay between host nutrient pathways and the regulation of secondary metabolites that establish beneficial interactions with microbes. In this review, I introduce the roles of tryptophan-derived and phenylpropanoid secondary-metabolite pathways during plant interactions with pathogenic and beneficial microbes and describe how these pathways are regulated by nutrient availability.

Download Full-text

Effect of soybean plant phenols and flavonoid on the mean leaf area consumed by Spodopteralitura and Spilosoma obliqua larvae

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i4.1065 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1931-1936

Author(s):

Anchala Nautiyal ◽

Neeta Gaur ◽

Kamendra Singh ◽

Preeti Sharma

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Correlation Study ◽

Soybean Plant ◽

Phenol Content ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Plant Phenols ◽

The Mean

The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of soybean plant phenols and flavonoid content on the mean leaf area consumed by Spodopteralitura and Spilosoma obliqua larva. Phenols and flavonoid content in methanolic leaf extract of thirty three genotypes of soybean were determined by spectrophotometrically. Thehighest and lowest phenolic content were found in genotypes JS-20-41(2.2Â±0.073 mg/g) and CSB 904 (0.45 Â±0.11 mg/g), respectively. While the highest and lowest flavonoid content was found in genotypes SL 979 4.686Â± 0.062 mg QE/ g, respectively. In correlation study a highly significant negative correlation was observed between mean leaf area consumed (cm2) by S. litura, phenol content (-0.741 ) and flavonoid content (-0.737) similarly a highly significant negative correlation was observed between mean leaf area consumed by S. obliqua, phenol content (-0.728) and flavonoid content (-0.736) in leaves. Hence it can be concluded that, the genotypes which were having higher phenol and flavonoid content in their leaves offered resistance against S. litura and S. boliqua in soybean.

Download Full-text

Expression analysis of antioxidant genes in response to drought stress in the fl ag leaf of two Indonesian rice cultivars

Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.22146/ijbiotech.8633 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Refli ◽

Sukarti Muljopawiro ◽

Kumala Dewi ◽

Diah Rachmawati

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Antioxidant Genes ◽

Oxidative Defense ◽

Mda Content ◽

The Difference

The objective of this study was to analysis the expression of antioxidant genes in response to droughtstress in Indonesian rice. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the expression of Cu-ZnSod1, cCu-ZnSod2,MnSod1, cApxa, cApxb, chl-sApx, Cat1, Cat2, Cat3, Gr1, Gr2, and Gr3 genes were assayed in the rice fl ag leaf ofCiherang and Situ Bagendit cultivars subjected to control, mild and severe drought during the grain fi llingphase. Increase in MDA content of Ciherang treated to mild and severe drought was almost two-fold andthree-fold respectively, while MDA content in Situ Bagendit subjected to mild and severe drought increasedapproximately one-fold and two-fold as compared to the control. The semi quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (sqRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of cCu-ZnSod1, MnSod1, Cat2, Gr3genes of Ciherang, and cCu-ZnSod2, MnSod1, cApxa, cApxb, chl-sAPX, Cat2 and Gr1 genes of Situ Bagendit increasedin fl ag leaf of plant treated to drought. Expressions of cApxb, chl-sApx, Cat3 of Ciherang and Cu-ZnSod1 and Gr2genes of Situ Bagendit were not changed signifi cantly by drought stress. Decreased expression was shownby cCu-ZnSod2, cApxa, Cat1, Gr1 and Gr2 genes of Ciherang, and Cat1, Cat3 and Gr3 genes of Situ Bagendit. Theresults indicated that the activity of oxidative defense was regulated by four genes; cCu-ZnSod1, MnSod1, Cat2,Gr3 in Ciherang, and eight genes; cCu-ZnSod1, cCu-ZnSod2, MnSod1, cApxa, cApxb, chl-sApx, Cat2 and Gr1 in SituBagendit. Therefore, differences in the number of antioxidant genes controlling oxidative defense systemmight determine the difference of the oxidative defense capacity between both cultivars in response to droughtstress during grain fi lling.

Download Full-text

Modern methods of CRISPR/Cas genomic editing for modulation in plants aimed at viral diseases

BULLETIN of the L N Gumilyov Eurasian National University BIOSCIENCE Series ◽

10.32523/2616-7034-2021-136-3-64-85 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 136 (3) ◽

pp. 64-85

Author(s):

N. Iksat ◽

◽

Z. Stamgaliyeva ◽

A. Madirov ◽

S. Zhangazin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Factors ◽

Plant Biotechnology ◽

Adaptive Immune System ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Defense Systems ◽

World Agriculture ◽

Genomic Editing

With the rapid growth of the world's population, food security has become a major concern, with more than 800 million people suffering from hunger and millions more at risk. World agriculture is constantly under an influence of various biotic and abiotic factors that limit productivity of agricultural crops. Pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects and parasitic plants, are severe biotic stresses that can cause severe crop losses. Molecular interactions between a virus and a plant are one of the main models in the understanding of antiviral defense systems and plant interference. The article discusses main classes of resistance genes, RNA interference and RNA-mediated adaptive immune system of bacteria and archaea - CRISPR/Cas. Recent studies indicate that the CRISPR/Cas system may play a significant role in conferring antiviral resistance to plants. The article aims to review recent advances in plant biotechnology that have potential practical applications in regulating virus-plant interactions.

Download Full-text