Weed Control and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Response to Postemergence Applications of Atrazine, Pendimethalin, and Trifluralin1

Research in Kansas from 1983 to 1986 evaluated early preplant (30 to 45 days) and late preplant (10 to 14 days) herbicide treatments for weed control before ridge-till planting in a soybean and sorghum rotation. Control of fall panicum and common lambsquarters at planting time averaged at least 95% for all early preplant and 92% for late preplant treatments. Where no preplant treatment was used, heavy weed growth in spring delayed soil dry-down, which resulted in poor ridge-till planting conditions and reduced plant stands, and ultimately reduced sorghum grain yields by 24% and soybean yields by 12%. Horsenettle population declined significantly, and honeyvine milkweed population increased. Smooth groundcherry populations fluctuated from year to year with no overall change.

Download Full-text

CHEMICAL WEED MANAGEMENT IN GRAIN SORGHUM AND SELECTIVITY OF ATRAZINE + S-METOLACHLOR TO DIFFERENT HYBRIDS

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n3p460-473 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 460

Author(s):

HUDSON KAGUEYAMA TAKANO ◽

AUGUSTO KALSING ◽

DAURI APARECIDO FADIN ◽

ROGERIO SILVA RUBIN ◽

RODRIGO NEVES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Herbicide Tolerance ◽

Field Trials ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Cereal Crop ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Herbicide Alternatives

ABSTRACT - Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is one cereal crop that faces huge problems with weed interference mostly because the lack of selective herbicides. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of herbicide alternatives for weed control in grain sorghum as well as the selectivity of atrazine + s-metolachlor to different hybrids. Three field trials were designed as a randomized complete block with four replications. All experiments were conducted in Jardinópolis-SP and Mogi Mirim-SP during the 2015/16 growing season. Two trials included acetochlor, flumioxazin, fluroxypyr, mesotrione and s-metolachlor, applied in pre or post-emergence, in association or not with atrazine. A third trial was carried out with rates of the premix containing atrazine + s-metolachlor applied to the following hybrids: 1G100, 1G220, 1G230, 1G244, 1G282, 50A10, 50A40, 50A50 and 50A70. The pre‑emergence herbicides that exhibited satisfactory efficacy of weed control and selectivity to sorghum crop were flumioxazin, atrazine + mesotrione and atrazine + s-metolachlor. For post‑emergence, atrazine, atrazine + acetochlor, atrazine + s-metolachlor and atrazine + fluroxypyr were the best treatments for both efficacy and selectivity. The application of atrazine + s-metolachlor at the evaluated rates was considered selective to the nine hybrids assessed.Keywords: acetochlor, fluroxypyr, mesotrione, herbicide tolerance, weed control. MANEJO QUÍMICO DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM SORGO GRANÍFERO E SELETIVIDADE DE ATRAZINE + S-METOLACHLOR PARA DIFERENTES HÍBRIDOS RESUMO – O sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor) é um dos cereais de verão que mais enfrenta problemas com plantas daninhas em razão da interferência destas espécies e carência de herbicidas para controlá-las. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia e segurança de herbicidas alternativos no controle de plantas daninhas em sorgo granífero, assim como a seletividade de atrazine + s-metolachlor para diferentes híbridos. Três experimentos foram realizados em campo com delineamento de blocos ao acaso e quatro repetições, sendo conduzidos em Jardinópolis-SP e/ou Mogi Mirim-SP, ao longo da safra 2015/16. Em dois experimentos, acetochlor, flumioxazin, fluroxypyr, mesotrione e s-metolachlor foram avaliados em pré e/ou pós-emergência da cultura, em associação ou não (isolados) com atrazine. O terceiro experimento foi realizado com doses crescentes de atrazine + s-metolachlor e os híbridos de sorgo granífero 1G100, 1G220, 1G230, 1G244, 1G282, 50A10, 50A40, 50A50 e 50A70. Os tratamentos com controle satisfatório de plantas daninhas e seletividade à cultura, em pré-emergência, foram flumioxazin, atrazine + mesotrione e atrazine + s-metolachlor. Em pós-emergência, eles foram atrazine, atrazine + acetochlor, atrazine + s-metolachlor e atrazine + fluroxipyr. A aplicação de atrazine + s-metolachlor nas doses testadas foi seletiva para os nove híbridos avaliados.Palavras-chave: acetochlor, fluroxypyr, mesotrione, tolerância a herbicidas, controle de plantas daninhas. metolachlor at the evaluated rates was selective to the nine hybrids assessed.

Download Full-text

Soybean(Glycine max)and Grain Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)Tolerance to Residues of Tetrafluron and Fluometuron

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500064481 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 533-538

Author(s):

D. L. Reasons ◽

L. S. Jeffery ◽

T. C. McCutchen

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Weed Control ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Waiting Period ◽

Broadcast Application ◽

Rainfall Frequency ◽

Area Basis ◽

Significant Yield

Fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] and tetrafluron {N,N-dimethyl-N′-[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) phenyl] urea} are two urea-type herbicides for weed control in cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL.). In some years, because of cotton stand failure, an alternate crop must be established. Soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] are possible alternate crops if they can withstand the residues left from herbicides used for weed control in cotton. Soybeans and grain sorghum were planted 3, 6 and 9 weeks after fluometuron and tetrafluron applications to soil at Knoxville and Milan, Tennessee, in 1975 and 1976. Tetrafluron residues were more toxic to grain sorghum and soybeans than were fluometuron residues. Grain sorghum was less susceptible than soybeans to both herbicides. Grain sorghum was planted 3 weeks after fluometuron (1.7 kg/ha) and tetrafluron (1.7 kg/ha) applications without severe yield reduction. Soybeans were planted in non-treated soil between banded tetrafluron (1.7 kg/ha on a treated area basis), 3 weeks after herbicide application, without significant yield reduction; but when a seedbed was prepared, a 9-week waiting period was required. When soybeans were planted into soil receiving a broadcast application of tetrafluron (1.7 kg/ha), a 9-week waiting period was not sufficient to reduce the residues to a non-toxic level. Soybeans planted 6 and 9 weeks following a broadcast application of fluometuron may or may not sustain yield reduction depending on rainfall frequency and intensity and soil type.

Download Full-text

Weed-Control Evaluations in Ratoon-Cropped Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500068934 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 254-258

Author(s):

Philip A. Banks ◽

Ronny R. Duncan

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Weed Control ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Residual Herbicide

Weed-control evaluations in ratoon-cropped grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] indicated that acceptable broadleaf weed control (>80%) in the second crop could be achieved by the use of a contact herbicide plus a residual herbicide applied after first harvest. Annual grasses, especially volunteer grain sorghum, were controlled in the second crop with metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] plus propazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] applied preemergence at planting and followed by metolachlor, cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropionitrile}, or pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] applied after first harvest. Second-crop grain yields were not adversely affected by any treatments, and it appeared that satisfactory weed control in the first crop lessened the need for a residual herbicide in the second crop.

Download Full-text

Roller Applicator for Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) Control in Row Crops

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500040571 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 301-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Gregory L. Schneider ◽

Curt B. Koehler ◽

James S. Schepers ◽

Orvin C. Burnside

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Weed Control ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Row Crops ◽

Crop Injury

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted with a roller applicator at Lincoln, Nebraska, during 1979 and 1980. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% and carpet saturations of 50 and 75% controlled shattercane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] when applied to the top 30 cm of the plant in greenhouse research. In the field, glyphosate concentrations of 5 to 20% with a carpet saturation of 50% controlled shattercane acceptably in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], but a concentration of 2.5% with 25% carpet saturation did not. Weed control was comparable whether speed of application was 3.2, 6.4, or 9.6 km/h. Shattercane control in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] was excellent at glyphosate concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% and at carpet saturations of 50 and 75%, and sorghum injury was minimal at 25 and 50% carpet saturations. The roller applicator was compared to a ropewick applicator for shattercane control in sorghum. Excellent weed control (90% or greater) with minimal crop injury was obtained with the roller applicator at glyphosate concentrations of 10 and 20% at application speeds of 3.2 and 6.4 km/h and with the ropewick applicator with glyphosate concentrations of 35 and 50% applied at 3.2, 6.4, and 9.6 km/h.

Download Full-text

Weed Management Programs in Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture9080182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 182 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Taghi Bararpour ◽

Ralph R. Hale ◽

Gurpreet Kaur ◽

Bhupinder Singh ◽

Te-Ming P. Tseng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Amaranthus Palmeri ◽

Ipomoea Hederacea ◽

Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Sida Spinosa

A field study was conducted in Arkansas over three years to evaluate various herbicide treatments, including sequential and tank-mix applications for weed control in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The herbicide treatments used were quinclorac, atrazine + dimethenamid-p, S-metolachlor followed by (fb) atrazine + dicamba, dimethenamid-p fb atrazine, S-metolachlor + atrazine fb atrazine, S-metolachlor + mesotrione, and S-metolachlor fb prosulfuron. All herbicide treatments provided excellent (90% to 100%) control of Ipomoea lacunosa, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula, and Sida spinosa by 12 weeks after emergence. Quinclorac and S-metolachlor fb prosulfuron provided the lowest control of Ipomoea lacunosa, Urochloa platyphylla, Amaranthus palmeri, and Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula. Weed interference in the non-treated control reduced grain sorghum yield by 50% as compared to the weed-free control. S-metolachlor + mesotrione and S-metolachlor fb prosulfuron reduced sorghum yields by 1009 to 1121 kg ha−1 compared to other herbicide treatments. The five best herbicide treatments in terms of weed control and grain sorghum yield were quinclorac, atrazine + dimethenamid-p, S-metolachlor fb atrazine + dicamba, dimethenamid-p fb atrazine, and the standard treatment of S-metolachlor + atrazine fb atrazine.

Download Full-text

Use of the Recirculating Sprayer to Control Tall Weed Escapes in Crops

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500061750 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 174-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. R. Carlson ◽

O. C. Burnside

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Weed Control ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Asclepias Syriaca ◽

Selective Method ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Crop Injury ◽

Final Treatment ◽

Three Stages

Field experiments were conducted with the recirculating sprayer (RCS) at Lincoln, Nebraska from 1974 through 1978. Different spray pressures, spray nozzles, and spray volumes with the RCS showed no significant differences in shattercane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] control or soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] injury when herbicides were applied at three stages of weed growth. When shattercane was treated in a grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] field, poor weed control and excessive crop injury occurred during treatment at the early growth stage as compared with treatments applied 2 weeks later. The final treatment date gave selective weed control in grain sorghum, but many of the shattercane heads had already developed viable seed. A weed-to-crop height differential of at least 45 cm resulted in maximum weed control with minimum crop injury. Common milkweed (Asclepias syriacaL.) control in soybeans varied considerably, but treatments giving over 80% control were glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at 1.1 to 4.5 kg/ha applied through the RCS. Other herbicides were less effective. Volunteer corn (Zea maysL.) was controlled selectively at 75 to 100% in soybeans with glyphosate or paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) when applied through the RCS. Shattercane was controlled 95 to 100% in soybeans with glyphosate at 3.4 kg/ha. Unless spray drift and splash can be prevented when using the RCS, glyphosate and paraquat will not give selective control when applied to weeds growing in grain sorghum. Glyphosate applied through the RCS, however, can be a selective method of controlling weed escapes in soybeans because soybeans are not as sensitive to glyphosate as is sorghum.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Substituted Dinitrobenzamine Herbicides in Cotton(Gossypium Lirsutum)Plantings

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500032616 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 16-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. H. Miller ◽

C. H. Carter

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Weed Control ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Residual Herbicide ◽

Crop Planting

Seven substituted dinitrobenzamine herbicides were evaluated at two rates as preplant soil-incorporated treatments for 2 yr. Herbicides were applied broadcast and incorporated 7 cm deep into a sandy loam with a power-driven rototiller before the preplanting irrigation and 3 weeks before crop planting. Cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-1’) stands were reduced by the higher rate of nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline], dinitramine(N4,N4-diethyl-a,a,a-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine), fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline], and AN 56477 [N,N-di-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-methylaniline]. Cotton yields were reduced by the higher rate of nitralin, dinitramine, and AN 56477. The poorest weed control was obtained with the lower rate of nitralin, AN 56477, and butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine]. A bioassay with Japanese millet [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. var.frumentacea(Roxb.) Wight] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] was used to evaluate herbicides remaining in soil sampled 1, 120, and 240 days after application. Residual herbicide phytotoxicity at 240 days indicated dinitramine < trifluralin(a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) = butralin < profluralin [N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine] = AN 56477 < nitralin < fluchloralin. In greenhouse experiments, cotton taproot elongation was retarded by both rates of nitralin, dinitramine, and AN 56477 and by the higher rate of fluchloralin. All herbicides inhibited lateral roots of cotton in the herbicide-treated zone of soil, but butralin and profluralin caused the least inhibition.

Download Full-text

Tolerance of Sorghum to Postemergence Applications of Atrazine

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500080103 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 410-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. W. Chamberlain ◽

A. J. Becton ◽

H. M. LeBaron

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Weed Control ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

High Plains ◽

Fine Sandy Loam ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

West Texas

Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench, var. RS-610) grown under field conditions during 1965 to 1967 on three soils in the High Plains of west Texas, was treated at different stages of plant growth with 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)s-triazine (atrazine). Maximum injury was caused by supplemental sprinkler irrigation. Tolerance of grain sorghum to atrazine increased as height of sorghum plants increased. Treatments on 1 and 3-inch sorghum reduced grain yields significantly, but plants treated when 6 inches or more in height produced yields similar to hand-weeded plots, except on Brownfield loamy sand where yields were reduced even at ½ lb/A. Similar trends were observed in 1966 with a forage sorghum (Lindsey 101F). However, yield reductions occurred only when atrazine was applied at 2 and 4 lb/A to sorghum plants I inch tall. Results show that atrazine can be used effectively and safely for weed control in sorghum grown on fine sandy loam or heavier soils in the southern High Plains, providing the crop is at least 6 inches tall when treated.

Download Full-text

Resistance to tembotrione, a 4- Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase-Inhibitor in Sorghum bicolor

10.1101/2020.07.29.227512 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Balaji Aravindhan Pandian ◽

Aruna Varanasi ◽

Amaranatha R. Vennapusa ◽

Rajendran Sathishraj ◽

Guifang Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Weed Control ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Metabolic Resistance ◽

Genetic Analyses ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Polygenic Trait ◽

Sorghum Genotypes ◽

High Level

AbstractPostemergence grass weed control continues to be a big challenge in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), primarily due to a lack of herbicide options registered for use in this crop. The development of herbicide-resistant sorghum technology to facilitate broad-spectrum postemergence weed control is an economical and viable solution. The 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-inhibitor herbicides (e.g. mesotrione or tembotrione) can control broad-spectrum of weeds including grasses, which, however, is not registered for postemergence application in sorghum due to crop injury. In this study we identified two tembotrione-resistant sorghum genotypes (G-200, G-350) and one highly susceptible genotype (S-1) through screening 317 sorghum lines from the sorghum association panel (SAP). Compared to S-1, G-200 and G-350 exhibited 10- and 7-fold more resistance to tembotrione, respectively. Genetic analyses of the F1 and F2 progeny generated from a cross between tembotrione-resistant and -susceptible genotypes demonstrated that the resistance is a semi-dominant polygenic trait. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 (CYP)-inhibitor assay using malathion and piperonyl butoxide suggested possible CYP-mediated metabolism of tembotrione in G-200 and G-350. Genotype-by-sequencing based quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping revealed eight QTLs associated with tembotrione resistance in grain sorghum. Sorghum genotypes G-200 and G-350 confer a high level of metabolic resistance to tembotrione and controlled by a polygenic trait. There is an enormous potential to introgress the tembotrione resistance into breeding lines to develop agronomically desirable sorghum hybrids.One-sentence summaryThis research focuses on characterization, genetic analyses, identification of QTLs-linked to metabolic resistance to tembotrione in Sorghum bicolor, for improved weed control and increased yield

Download Full-text