Responses of Imidazolinone-Resistant Corn, Several Weeds, and Two Rotational Crops to Trifloxysulfuron

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Richardson ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Gregory R. Armel ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Grass Species ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 2000, 2001, and 2002 to evaluate the response of imidazolinone-resistant (IR) corn and selected weeds to trifloxysulfuron applied postemergence (POST). Treatments included a nontreated control andS-metolachlor applied preemergence at 1,075 g ai/ha followed by (fb) trifloxysulfuron POST at 0, 3.8, 7.5, 11.2, and 15 g ai/ha. IR corn visible injury was less than 6% from field applications of trifloxysulfuron. Visual symptoms were transient, and IR corn yield was not affected by trifloxysulfuron. Common ragweed, common lambsquarters, annual grass species (giant foxtail and large crabgrass), and carpetweed were controlled at least 95% byS-metolachlor fb trifloxysulfuron applications. Morningglory species (ivyleaf morningglory, pitted morningglory, and tall morningglory) were controlled at least 97% in 2000 and greater than 77% in 2001 fromS-metolachlor fb trifloxysulfuron. Jimsonweed was not adequately controlled.S-metolachlor alone controlled annual grass species 90% but did not control the broadleaf weeds that were present. Wheat was planted following IR corn harvest, and non-IR corn was planted the following spring. No visible response was observed to rotational wheat or non-IR corn crops. Rotational non-IR corn yield was not affected by trifloxysulfuron and was not different from the yield of corn treated withS-metolachlor alone. In greenhouse studies, IR corn was injured 10% at 10 d after treatment with 380 g/ha trifloxysulfuron POST, but recovery was rapid. Based upon results, trifloxysulfuron may be used as an herbicide in IR corn, and rotational wheat and non-IR corn may be planted at normal intervals after cotton harvest.

Preemergence Herbicides Followed by Trifloxysulfuron Postemergence in Cotton

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Richardson ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Field studies were conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001 to evaluate weed control and cotton response from PRE herbicides followed by (fb) trifloxysulfuron POST. In the first study, trifloxysulfuron at 3.8, 7.5, or 15 gai/ha was applied POST with or without pendimethalin at 690 gai/ha applied PRE in a factorial treatment arrangement. Visible crop injury occurred after all trifloxysulfuron applications, but injury was not affected by application of pendimethalin PRE. Cotton injury was 19 to 22% 7 d after POST treatment (DAT) from trifloxysulfuron at 3.8 to 15 g/ha but was 5 to 12% 28 DAT. Trifloxysulfuron controlled smooth pigweed, common ragweed, and common cocklebur, but spurred anoda, large crabgrass, goosegrass, and stinkgrass were not controlled by trifloxysulfuron. Morningglory species (tall morningglory, ivyleaf morningglory, and pitted morningglory) control with trifloxysulfuron at 7.5 and 15 g/ha was at least 79%, whereas velvetleaf was controlled 66% over all years. In a second study, clomazone, pendimethalin, pendimethalin plus fluometuron, pyrithiobac, or flumioxazin were applied PRE fb 7.5 g/ha trifloxysulfuron POST. Cotton injury from PRE herbicides fb trifloxysulfuron was 13 to 39% 7 DAT. Spurred anoda control exceeded 54% only with treatments that included flumioxazin or pyrithiobac PRE. Common lambsquarters, common cocklebur, and morningglory species were controlled at least 75% with all treatments that included trifloxysulfuron POST, whereas pendimethalin and clomazone usually controlled annual grasses. In both studies, the application of pendimethalin PRE controlled annual grass species and improved control of smooth pigweed and common lambsquarters over that controlled by trifloxysulfuron POST without a PRE herbicide.

Weed Efficacy Evaluations for Bromoxynil, Glufosinate, Glyphosate, Pyrithiobac, and Sulfosate

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Corbett ◽  
Shawn D. Askew ◽  
Walter E. Thomas ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Prickly Sida

Thirteen field trials were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to evaluate postemergence (POST) weed control with single applications of bromoxynil at 420 or 560 g ai/ha, glufosinate at 291 or 409 g ai/ha, glyphosate at 1,120 g ai/ha, pyrithiobac at 36 or 72 g ai/ha, or sulfosate at 1,120 g ai/ha. Additional treatments evaluated included two applications with glufosinate at both rates in all possible combinations, two applications of glyphosate, and two applications of sulfosate. Weeds were 2 to 5 cm or 8 to 10 cm tall for annual grass and broadleaf weeds whereas yellow nutsedge and glyphosate-resistant corn were 8 to 10 cm tall. All herbicide treatments controlled 2- to 5-cm common cocklebur, Florida beggarweed, jimsonweed, ladysthumb smartweed, Pennsylvania smartweed, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, redroot pigweed, smooth pigweed, and velvetleaf at least 90%. All herbicide treatments except pyrithiobac at either rate controlled 2- to 5-cm common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and tall morningglory at least 90%; pyrithiobac at the lower rate was the only treatment that failed to control entireleaf and ivyleaf morningglory at least 90%. Bromoxynil and pyrithiobac at either rate controlled 2- to 5-cm sicklepod 33 to 68% whereas glufosinate, glyphosate, and sulfostate controlled ≥99%. Glyphosate and sulfosate applied once or twice controlled hemp sesbania less than 70% and volunteer peanut less than 80%. Bromoxynil and pyrithiobac were the least effective treatments for control of annual grass species and bromoxynil controlled Palmer amaranth less than 80%. Glufosinate controlled broadleaf signalgrass, fall panicum, giant foxtail, green foxtail, large crabgrass, yellow foxtail, seedling johnsongrass, Texas panicum, and glyphosate-resistant corn at least 90% but controlled goosegrass less than 60%. Glyphosate and sulfosate controlled all grass species except glyphosate-resistant corn at least 90%. In greenhouse research, goosegrass could be controlled with glufosinate POST plus a late POST-directed treatment of prometryn plus monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid.

Weed Management in Peanut with Herbicide Combinations Containing Imazapic and Other Pesticides

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Sarah H. Lancaster ◽  
James E. Lanier ◽  
Bridget R. Lassiter ◽  
P. Dewayne Johnson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Final Experiment ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Research was conducted in North Carolina to compare weed control by various rates of imazapic POST alone or following diclosulam PRE. In a second experiment, weed control by imazapic applied POST alone or with acifluoren, diclosulam, or 2,4-DB was compared. In a final experiment, yellow nutsedge control by imazapic alone and with the fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole was compared. Large crabgrass was controlled more effectively by imazapic POST than diclosulam PRE. Common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and eclipta were controlled more effectively by diclosulam PRE than imazapic POST. Nodding spurge was controlled similarly by both herbicides. Few differences in control were noted when comparing imazapic rates after diclosulam PRE. Applying either diclosulam PRE or imazapic POST alone or in combination increased peanut yield over nontreated peanut in five of six experiments. Few differences in pod yield were noted when comparing imazapic rates. Acifluorfen, diclosulam, and 2,4-DB did not affect entireleaf morningglory, large crabgrass, nodding spurge, pitted morningglory, and yellow nutsedge control by imazapic. Eclipta control by coapplication of imazapic and diclosulam exceeded control by imazapic alone. The fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole did not affect yellow nutsedge control by imazapic.

Postemergence Weed Control with CGA-277476 and Cloransulam-Methyl in Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Treatment Tank ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate postemergence (POST) soybean injury and weed control with CGA-277476 and cloransulam-methyl alone and in tank mixtures. In the field, visible soybean injury was 12 to 14% from CGA-277476 and 9 to 13% from cloransulam-methyl 7 d after treatment. Tank mixtures of either herbicide with acifluorfen or acifluorfen plus thifensulfuron were more injurious than CGA-277476 or cloransulam-methyl applied alone. Both CGA-277476 and cloransulam-methyl reduced velvetleaf dry weight 82%, and cloransulam-methyl reduced common ragweed dry weight 92%. Neither herbicide adequately controlled common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, nor eastern black nightshade. The addition of acifluorfen to the spray solution improved common ragweed, common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, and eastern black nightshade control with CGA-277476 and improved common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, and eastern black nightshade control with cloransulam-methyl. Tank mixing thifensulfuron with CGA-277476 or cloransulam-methyl increased common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed control. In the greenhouse, CGA-277476 at 20 g ai/ha reduced velvetleaf dry weight 98%, and 79 g/ha was required to reduce common ragweed dry weight 93%. Cloransulam-methyl at 4.4 g ai/ha reduced velvetleaf dry weight 98% and common ragweed dry weight 94% at 8.8 g/ha. Chlorimuron reduced yellow nutsedge dry weight more than CGA-277476 or cloransulam-methyl. Antagonism of POST graminicide activity by CGA-277476 was grass species and graminicide related. CGA-277476 reduced giant foxtail control by clethodim but not by quizalofop. Cloransulam-methyl tank mixed with clethodim or quizalofop controlled giant foxtail.

Predicting weed emergence for eight annual species in the northeastern United States

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Myers ◽  
William S. Curran ◽  
Mark J. VanGessel ◽  
Dennis D. Calvin ◽  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Verification ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Weed Emergence ◽  
Large Crabgrass

A 2-yr experiment assessed the potential for using soil degree days (DD) to predict cumulative weed emergence. Emerged weeds, by species, were monitored every 2 wk in undisturbed plots. Soil DD were calculated at each location using a base temperature of 9 C. Weed emergence was fit with logistic regression for common ragweed, common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, giant foxtail, yellow foxtail, large crabgrass, smooth pigweed, and eastern black nightshade. Coefficients of determination for the logistic models fit to the field data ranged between 0.90 and 0.95 for the eight weed species. Common ragweed and common lambsquarters were among the earliest species to emerge, reaching 10% emergence before 150 DD. Velvetleaf, giant foxtail, and yellow foxtail were next, completing 10% emergence by 180 DD. The last weeds to emerge were large crabgrass, smooth pigweed, and eastern black nightshade, which emerged after 280 DD. The developed models were verified by predicting cumulative weed emergence in adjacent plots. The coefficients of determination for the model verification plots ranged from 0.66 to 0.99 and averaged 0.90 across all eight weed species. These results suggest that soil DD are good predictors for weed emergence. Forecasting weed emergence will help growers make better crop and weed management decisions.

Response of Annual Weed Species to Glufosinate and Glyphosate

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent E. Tharp ◽  
Oliver Schabenberger ◽  
James J. Kells
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Large Crabgrass

The recent introduction of glufosinate-resistant and glyphosate-resistant crops provides growers with new options for weed management. Information is needed to compare the effectiveness of glufosinate and glyphosate on annual weeds. Greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the response of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) to glufosinate and glyphosate. The response of velvetleaf and common lambsquarters was investigated at multiple stages of growth. Glufosinate and glyphosate were applied to each weed species at logarithmically incremented rates. The glufosinate and glyphosate rates that provided a 50% reduction in aboveground weed biomass, commonly referred to as GR50values, were compared using nonlinear regression techniques. Barnyardgrass, common ragweed, fall panicum, giant foxtail, and large crabgrass responded similarly to glufosinate and glyphosate. Common lambsquarters 4 to 8 cm in height was more sensitive to glufosinate than glyphosate. In contrast, 15- to 20-cm tall-velvetleaf was more sensitive to glyphosate than glufosinate.

Consecutive Annual Applications of Alachlor and Metolachlor to Continuous No-Till Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peyton Doub ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines ◽  
Kriton K. Hatzios
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Consecutive annual applications of alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] were made to continuous no-till corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3184’ in 1982 and 1983, ‘Pioneer 3744’ in 1984, and ‘Pioneer 3378’ in 1985 to 1987). In a 5-yr study, control of the dominant annual grass species, large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA], by alachlor declined to less than 50% by the fifth year. Control of large crabgrass by metolachlor remained greater than 80% throughout the study but metolachlor allowed the establishment of a greater fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx. # PANDI) population in this and an additional 3-yr study than in chloroacetamide-free checks. In the 3-yr study in which giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. # SETFA) was dominant, annual applications of metolachlor and a microencapsulated formulation of alachlor provided better control in the second year than the emulsifiable concentrate formulation of alachlor, but formulation differences diminished in the third year.

Weed Control and Corn (Zea mays) Tolerance from Soil-Applied RPA 201772

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy L. Sprague ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted in 1996, 1997, and 1998 to evaluate weed control and corn tolerance from soil-applied RPA 201772. Treatments alone and in tank mixtures with other corn herbicides were applied preemergence (PRE) at two locations with conventional tillage and at early preplant (EPP) and PRE application timings in no-tillage corn. RPA 201772 was applied alone and in tank mixtures with one-half the typical field rates of other PRE corn herbicides. In conventional tillage experiments in 1996, 1997, and at one location in 1998, all treatments containing RPA 201772 provided > 90% control of common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, common ragweed, and velvetleaf. In two no-tillage experiments, common lambsquarters and velvetleaf control was > 90%, regardless of application timing. However, control of redroot pigweed and common ragweed varied among years and application timings. Weed control was more variable from herbicide treatments applied EPP compared with the PRE application timing. Giant foxtail control in both tillage systems was rate, timing, and year dependent. RPA 201772 rates higher than 79 g/ha controlled giant foxtail > 85% at three of five locations. At one location, tank mixtures with RPA 201772 increased giant foxtail control. Corn injury occurred in one of two conventional tillage locations and at the no-tillage location in both 1996 and 1997. Injury was most commonly observed in coarse-textured soils with low clay and organic matter and was more severe with higher rates of RPA 201772. Increased corn injury was also observed when RPA 201772 was combined with acetochlor plus dicloramid or BAYFOE 5043 plus metribuzin. Corn injury from RPA 201772 occurred at application rates above the proposed rate for use on corn. In some cases, severe injury to corn reduced corn yield. Injury to corn from RPA 201772 was not unique to any tillage system and was site, year, and rate dependent.

A Comparison of Weed Control in Herbicide-Resistant, Herbicide-Tolerant, and Conventional Corn

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. Burke ◽  
Walter E. Thomas ◽  
Jayla R. Allen ◽  
Jim Collins ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
System Control ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Experiments were conducted at three North Carolina research stations in 2003 to evaluate weed control and corn yield in glyphosate-resistant, glufosinate-resistant, imidazolinone-tolerant, and conventional corn weed management systems. Late-season control of common lambsquarters, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge increased with metolachlor PRE compared with no PRE herbicide treatment. Common lambsquarters, pitted morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, spurred anoda, and tropic croton control was improved by a single early POST (EPOST) application regardless of herbicide system. Control of common lambsquarters, pitted morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, and spurred anoda was similar for glyphosate and glufosinate systems for each POST over-the-top (POT) herbicide system. A single EPOST application of imazethapyr plus imazapyr to imidazolinone-tolerant corn controlled common lambsquarters, pitted morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, and spurred anoda and was better than a single EPOST application of glyphosate, glufosinate, or nicosulfuron. Tropic croton was controlled ≥ 95% with glufosinate or glyphosate, applied once or twice, or in mixture with metolachlor. A single EPOST application of imazethapyr plus imazapyr or nicosulfuron did not control tropic croton. Common lambsquarters, entireleaf morningglory, large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, and yellow nutsedge control was greater with a late-POST–directed (LAYBY) of ametryn than no LAYBY. Systems that did not include a POT herbicide system had the lowest percentage in the weed-free yield and the lowest yield. Treatments that included a POT system with or without a PRE treatment of metolachlor yielded within 5% of the weed-free treatment, regardless of herbicide system.

Comparison of Mesotrione Combinations with Standard Weed Control Programs in Corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory M. Whaley ◽  
Gregory R. Armel ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to evaluate total POST weed control in corn with mixtures of mesotrione, atrazine, and the commercial mixture of nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine at registered and reduced rates. Treatments were compared with nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine POST, andS-metolachlor plus atrazine PRE alone and followed by (fb) nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine POST. All treatments controlled common lambsquarters 8 wk after the postemergence treatments (WAPT). Common ragweed control with POST mesotrione plus nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine combinations was greater than 89%. Mesotrione plus the registered rate of nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine POST controlled common ragweed more effectively than the PRE treatment alone. Addition of atrazine to mesotrione improved common ragweed control by at least 38 percentage points over mesotrione alone. Nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine at the registered rate and in mixtures with mesotrione controlled morningglory species (pitted and ivyleaf morningglory) 89 to 91%. Large crabgrass control varied between 2002 and 2003. In 2002, large crabgrass control was 58 to 76% with all POST treatments, but in 2003, nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine POST alone controlled large crabgrass greater than 86%. Large crabgrass was more effectively controlled by treatments withS-metolachlor plus atrazine PRE than by the total POST treatments in 2002. Giant foxtail was controlled at least 97% with nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine treatments.S-metolachlor plus atrazine PRE fb nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine POST controlled all weed species greater than 85%. Corn yields by total POST treatment combinations of mesotrione plus either rate of nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine were comparable toS-metolachlor plus atrazine PRE alone or fb nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron plus atrazine POST.

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