scholarly journals Effects of the Pre-transplanting Phosphorus Application on Dry Matter Production, Photosynthesis, Root Activities and Nutrient Absorption of Cabbage and Maize at Initial Growth Stage

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Takao Niino ◽  
Tohru Murayama ◽  
Masami Nanzyo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Growth Stage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Phosphorus Application

scholarly journals Influence of glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of Panicum maximum cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzete Fernandes Lima ◽  
Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Dorneles Sousa ◽  
Simonny Araújo Vasconcelo ◽  
Adriano Jakelaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Species

ABSTRACT: The use of herbicide underdoses allows minimizing the competition of grasses on annual crops, enabling simultaneous cultivation. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of the initial growth of three Panicum maximum cultivars aiming at the integrated cultivation, in addition to the effects of forage species on the incidence and development of weeds. Three field experiments were conducted. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1,080 g a.e. ha−1). An atrazine dose of 1,200 g a.i. ha−1 was added to each treatment. Plant phytotoxicity assessments were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. At 80 and 125 days after sowing, the assessments of total dry matter production, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, and leaf to stem ratio were carried out, in addition to density and dry matter production of weed community. Glyphosate underdoses below 215, 65, and 90 g a.e. ha-1 have a potential to be investigated aiming at the management of P. maximum cv. Atlas, P. maximum cv. Mombasa, and P. maximum cv. Tanzania under intercropping. The three forage species are effective in suppressing weeds.

scholarly journals Tolerance of castor bean cultivars under salt stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco V. da S. Sá ◽  
Emanoela P. de Paiva ◽  
Evandro F. de Mesquita ◽  
Antonio M. P. Bertino ◽  
Marcelo A. Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Growth Stage ◽  
Salinity Levels

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of castor bean cultivars under salt stress during the initial growth stage. The experiment was set in randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, resulting in 20 treatments, 5 salinity levels (0.6-control, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and 4 castor bean cultivars (BRS Energy, LA Guarani, BRS Gabriela and IAC 028)] with 3 replicates. At 30 days after sowing, plants were evaluated for growth, dry matter accumulation and salt tolerance. Increased salinity levels in the water used for irrigation reduced the growth of all the studied cultivars. The salt tolerance of the studied castor bean cultivars follows the following order: BRS Energia > BRS Gabriela = IAC 028 > LA Guarani.

scholarly journals Germination and initial growth of guava plants irrigated with saline water

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourival F. Cavalcante ◽  
Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante ◽  
Kátia S. N. Pereira ◽  
Francisco A. de Oliveira ◽  
Saulo C. Gondim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Water Effects ◽  
Agronomic Quality

The present study was carried in order to evaluate the effect of saline water irrigation with electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0.5; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, on germination and some growth variables during the seedling formation process of four guava cultivars (Psidium guajava L.): Pentecoste, Paluma, Surubim and IPA B-38. Water salinity inhibited the germination process, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry matter production of roots, stems and leaves, independently of cultivar. After germination, the seedlings did not survive due to saline water effects of ECw 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1. After 180 days of sowing, the seedlings irrigated with ECw more than 1.5 dS m-1 did not present agronomic quality for planting. Dry matter production sequence of different parts of plants was as follows: leaves > roots > stems, without significant differences among cultivars especially when irrigated with saline water of ECw > 3.0 dS m-1.

scholarly journals Initial Growth of Rosebay Rhododendron Seedlings as Influenced by Day and Night Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 705-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Starrett ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Stuart L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant

Rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum L.) seedlings were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 14 weeks under long (9-hour) days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C in factorial combination with 15-hour nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C. Total dry-matter production was lowest for 18C days and highest for 26C days. A similar response occurred for top, leaf, root, and stem dry weights. Nights at 22C maximized total plant, top, leaf, and stem dry weights. The optimum day/night cycle for dry-matter production was 26/22C. Leaf area was optimum with 18C nights. Leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) increased with an increase in night temperature to a maximum at 22C. Root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight) decreased with an increase in night temperature to a minimum at 22C. Stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) and shoot: root ratio (top dry weight: root dry weight) were not influenced significantly by day or night temperature. A day/night cycle of 26/22C seems to be optimal for producing-salable plants.

REVEALING DROUGHT-RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTIVE PATTERNS IN SUGARCANE GENOTYPES BY EVALUATING BOTH PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND STALK YIELD

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. RIBEIRO ◽  
R. S. MACHADO ◽  
E. C. MACHADO ◽  
D. F. S. P. MACHADO ◽  
J. R. MAGALHÃES FILHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stalk Yield ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYThis study was conducted to investigate the physiological response of sugarcane genotypes to drought and its consequence for stalk yield. Sugarcane genotypes IACSP94-2094, IACSP96-2042 and SP87-365 were subjected to water deficit during the initial growth phase by withholding water. Resistance and sensitivity patterns were defined by the impact of drought on the stalk yield and content of soluble solids in the stalk juice. IACSP94-2094 and SP87-365 were considered drought-resistant genotypes, as the stalk dry matter production and yield of soluble solids were not reduced by the water deficit. Although drought caused reductions in leaf gas exchange in all the genotypes, IACSP96-2042 was most affected when considering the cumulative reduction in photosynthesis throughout the experimental period. This photosynthetic impairment of IACSP96-2042 was related to both non-stomatal and stomatal limitations, whereas photosynthesis in SP87-365 and IACSP94-2094 were only stomatally limited under drought. In general, a reduced photosynthetic sensitivity to water deficit was an important physiological trait for dry matter production in sugarcane plants, and the concentrations of soluble carbohydrates, sucrose, starch and proline in the leaves did not reveal consistent differences between the patterns of resistance and sensitivity. Even though IACSP96-2042 was severely affected by water shortage, this genotype presented a similar stalk yield under drought and the highest stalk yield under well-watered conditions when compared to the other genotypes. This response to variable water conditions is interesting for regions with seasonal drought, whereas the pattern of drought resistance is more appropriate for regions in which drought occurs for long periods during the crop season. Our findings are also discussed from the point of view that increases in sugarcane yield and sustainable agriculture may be reached by choosing the best genotype for each specific environmental condition.

Effects of Crop Residue and Phosphorus Application on the Spatial Variability of Non-destructively Measured Millet Growth in the Sahel

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buerkert ◽  
R.D. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Phosphorus Application

SUMMARYSpatial variability in soil parameters and plant growth in the Sahel are still poorly understood and may hamper the interpretation of experimental results. This paper examines whether or not soil amendments such as phosphorus and crop residues affect the variability of final dry matter production in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Within- and between-plot variation in millet growth was studied in a three-year experiment with three levels of crop residues and four levels of phosphorus. The effects of different rates of application on within-plot variation in number of tillers, number of heads, maximum tiller height, and total above-ground dry matter of single mature millet plant stands (pockets) were calculated. Above-ground dry matter, estimated non-destructively using an equation derived from numbers of tillers and heads and from maximum plant height, gave good predictions of total dry matter for a range of genotypes across the 12 treatments. Crop residue and phosphorus application reduced the number of missing pockets, leading to a more uniform stand with fewer pockets which did not produce grain. With amendments, pockets were also taller and of more uniform height but a decrease in variability of total dry matter production only became evident after standardization of the data. The results show the need for a clear definition of ‘growth variability’ in millet and indicate that both chemical and non-chemical factors govern its expression in the Sahel.Efectos de los residuos de las cosechas y del fósforo en la variabilidad del mijo

scholarly journals Response of four woody species to salinity and water deficit in initial growth phase

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 753-757
Author(s):  
Alan D. Lima ◽  
Francisco M. S. Bezerra ◽  
Antônia L. R. Neves ◽  
Carlos H. C. de Sousa ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Factor C

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of forest species under conditions of salinity and water deficit. The experimental design was completely randomized in a triple factorial scheme with four forest species (Neem - Azadirachta indica A. Juss, ‘Aroeira’ - Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr Allemão, ‘Ipê’ - Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex. DC.) Standl and ‘Sabiá’ - Mimosa caesalpiniifoliaBenth), two salinity levels (1.2 and 8.6 dS m-1) and two water regimes (with and without water restriction). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot dry matter, root dry matter and total dry matter were measured. For all the studied variables, there was statistical significance for the factors species (A) and salinity (B), individually. However, water deficit (Factor C) and the interaction among factors (A x B x C) did not cause any statistical effect. The 50% reduction in water replacement for the four species studied was not enough to cause significant damage to plant growth, with a mean reduction in dry matter production lower than 10%. It was observed that the tolerance index found varied according to the imposition of the stresses, being caused mainly by salinity. Based on shoot dry matter production, the species Neem behaved as moderately tolerant, while the other species were moderately sensitive to salinity. The applied water deficit was not enough to intensify the effects of the salt stress under the conditions of the present study.

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