Libido Sciendi: Apuleius, Boccaccio, and the Study of the History of Sexuality

PMLA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-837
Author(s):  
Martin G. Eisner ◽  
Marc D. Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Book History ◽  
Temporal Relations ◽  
History Of Sexuality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Textual Transmission ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
History Of

This essay contributes to recent debates in the study of the history of sexuality that have developed out of a comparison of a story from Apuleius's Golden Ass and its transformation by Boccaccio in the Decameron. Addressing questions of book history, philology, and textual transmission, the article offers another perspective on the problems of identity, temporality, and epistemology that have been at the center of these debates and proposes reorienting considerations of Michel Foucault's still-contested role in the field by drawing on the underappreciated later volumes of his landmark History of Sexuality. Instead of mining the stories of Apuleius and Boccaccio for exemplary social types or for information about the social meanings of past sex acts, this essay uses philological and paratextual materials to focalize these tales' interpretive erotics, complicate the temporal relations between them, and model a way of studying the history of sexuality that is not tied to a history of social types, identities, or acts.

scholarly journals Book Review : Sejarah Organisasi Perempuan Indonesia (1928-1998) (History of Indonesian Women's Organizations (1928-1998))

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenti Nur Azizah ◽  
Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin
Keyword(s):  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Book History ◽  
Women's Organizations ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
Women’S Organizations

The book "The History of Indonesian Women's Organizations (1928-1998)" has the aim of showing how the social and political history of the Indonesian women's movement, as time has gone by, the times have been punctured by the times. Apart from that, this book also shows the various issues that were raised, debated, and fought for in different historical contexts and the actors who played a role in the Indonesian women's movement. By showing these two things, readers can have a broad understanding of the Indonesian women's movement.This book is intended for the millennial generation so that they know how the Indonesian women's movement is. Why is that? Because this book deliberately took a very long period of time, namely in the span of seventy years (1928-1998). So that readers, especially the millennial generation, can imagine what happened at that time.History writing about the Indonesian women's movement has been done by many scientists, but in the book "History of Indonesian Women's Organization (1928-1998)" has a difference, namely using detailed references to reliable sources and coverage of a very long historical period. In addition, this book provides information on how the priority of the issues under debate reflected the political context in different historical periods.This book needs to be reviewed because the content in the book is very interesting so that it can be dissected in depth. The author of the book has been doing research for at least the last ten years, it is also interesting why you need to review the book because the author made this book with a long struggle.

scholarly journals Foucault’s Keystone: Confessions of the Flesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-70
Author(s):  
Bernard E. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
History Of Sexuality ◽  
Homo Oeconomicus ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Actor ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Biopolitical Power

The fourth and final volume of The History of Sexuality offers the keystone to Michel Foucault’s critique of Western neoliberal societies. Confessions of the Flesh provides the heretofore missing link that ties Foucault’s late writings on subjectivity to his earlier critique of power. Foucault identifies in Augustine’s treatment of marital sexual relations the moment of birth of the modern legal actor and of the legalization of social relations. With the appearance of the modern legal subject, Foucault’s critique of modern Western societies is complete: it is now possible to see how the later emergence of an all-knowing homo œconomicus strips the State of knowledge and thus deals a fatal blow to its legitimacy. The appearance of both the modern legal actor and homo œconomicus makes it possible to fold the entire four-volume History of Sexuality back into Foucault’s earlier critique of punitive and biopolitical power. And it now challenges us to interrogate how we, contemporary subjects, are shaped in such a way as to implicate ourselves—both willingly and unwittingly—in the social order within which we find ourselves and that, through the interaction of knowledge-power-subjectivity, we reproduce.

A Brief History of Body Shape

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-46
Author(s):  
Nathan Denton
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Winning Strategies ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Over Time

Like the vast numbers of other organisms that roam, or have roamed, the earth, the modern human represents a finely honed tool—one forged through millennia as it struggled to survive and thrive in more or less unaccommodating environments. Displaying the battle scars and winning strategies of its brutal, but ultimately triumphant battle against the elements, our bodies hold vast amounts of encrypted information that describe our biological lineage. In addition to the countless mechanisms that have evolved to support our existence, however, the human body is somewhat unique in that it exhibits striking permanent physiological differences that identify and define the sexes. The biology that arises from, and the social meanings attributed to, these physical features penetrate deep into the heart of what it means to be human, as well as a man or a woman. Before delving into the biology of fat, we must first therefore consider the history of body shape. This chapter begins by discussing several explanations for why the modern human body might have evolved the shape it has, and why the body differs between the sexes. Building from this foundation, it examines how societal attitudes toward body shape are ascribed and their shift over time.

Toward the Art and Aesthetics of the Machine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Broeckmann
Keyword(s):  
Functional Independence ◽  
Marcel Duchamp ◽  
Pivotal Moments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Machine Art ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Car Accident

This chapter provides an analysis of the basic aspects of an “aesthetics of the machine”. It focuses on two pivotal moments in the twentieth century history of machine art, one being the 1968 exhibition “The Machine as Seen at the End of the Mechanical Age”, curated by Pontus Hultén. The other example is the opening scene of Filippo Marinetti’s first futurist manifesto, published in 1909, in which the advent of futurism is marked by a symbolically charged car accident that preceded Marinetti’s hymn to the new technical culture. From here, and drawing mainly on artistic examples from Hultén’s exhibition (incl. Francis Picabia, Marcel Duchamp and Jean Tinguely), the author highlights five distinct aspects that have characterized the “machine aesthetic” until the 1960s: the “associative” reference to the social meanings of technology, often used to make a provocative claim against the assumptions of artistic ingenuity; the “symbolic” reference to mechanics as a way to describe aspects of human culture and psychology; the “formalist” appraisal of the beauty of functional forms; the play with “kinetic” functions as a way to broaden the expressive potentials of sculpture; and the “automatic” operation of machines that underpins their functional independence and their existential strangeness.

Chicago Encounters

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Frances R. Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
National Community ◽  
Personal Stories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The City ◽  
Rich History

This chapter examines the stories of the first-generation, immigrant parents of the Intralatino/as interviewed for the book. I analyze their personal stories of migration from their home countries, the romantic encounters with their partners as National Others, and the emerging conflicts and resistance on the part of their relatives and family members that they faced as they decided to start a family with a partner who was not of their own national community. That Chicago was the site for these inter-latino encounters speaks to the rich history of immigrant arrivals to the city. Historicizing the social meanings and tensions produced by interlatino/a desire and romance in Chicago, I highlight the courage and resilience of these interlatino couples given the challenges most of them faced for marrying outside their national community.

How Does Paper Mean?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Asheesh Kapur Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Book History ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Specialized Form ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

At a 2004 conference at Princeton University, the leading practitioners of two influential approaches to studying the history of texts—the “history of the book” and “intellectual” history—compared the underpinnings of their respective methods. Robert Darnton contended that while seemingly “made for each other,” book history and intellectual history had proceeded along parallel paths over the late twentieth century, with the latter focused on the analysis of discourse, while historians of the book concerned themselves with the diffusion of texts. Quentin Skinner responded to Darnton by elaborating on these “contrasts.” He characterized the history of the book as “a specialized form of inquiry into the production, diffusion and enjoyment of printed and scribally published material,” while describing intellectual historians as primarily concerned with the meanings that actors in the past have ascribed to concepts as they expressed them in language. Intellectual historians, Skinner suggested, had paid relatively little attention to the social histories of how texts were produced and received, including questions of their physical attributes.

scholarly journals Metaphorical parasites and “parasitic” metaphors

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Musolff
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Social Domain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Transfer

The metaphorical categorization of social and political adversaries as “parasites” has an infamous history in public discourse: For two centuries it has been routinely used for the purpose of racial and socio-political stigmatization. In cognitive accounts, the parasite-metaphor has usually been treated as an example of semantic transfer from the biological to the social domain. Historically, however, the scientific uses cannot be deemed original or primary, as their emergence in the 17th and 18th centuries was preceded by a much older tradition of religious and social meanings. The paper charts the main traditions of diachronic variation in the discourse history of the parasite-metaphor anddiscusses the implications of its findings regarding the assumption of “uni-directionality” of metaphorization processes, which has been a central tenet of cognitive analyses. In conclusion, we ask whether metaphors in political discourse might fruitfully be viewed as a “parasitic” form of communication.

scholarly journals Using Case Studies in the History of Education to Teach U.S. Women's and Gender History

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Karen Leroux
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Gender History ◽  
History Teachers ◽  
Woman Teacher ◽  
Gender Consciousness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

Texts introducing students to women's and gender history typically emphasize how gender refers to the social meanings attached to sexual difference, which vary over time and across societies and cultures. As one of these texts explains, “Definitions of what is masculine and feminine are learned as each society instructs its members from infancy through adulthood as to what behavior and personality attributes are appropriate for males and females of that generation.” Given wide agreement that gender is learned, it is surprising how seldom the places and people who institutionalize learning appear in the texts used to teach U.S. women's and gender history. Teachers are remarkably scarce in the literature, even though vast numbers of U.S. women have taught since the mid-nineteenth century. The reasons for this absence are not clear. Perhaps teachers' social location, at the murky boundaries of the working and middle classes, has contributed to their omission from sharply defined studies of class and gender consciousness. Or perhaps the conventional association of women and teaching has deterred gender historians, following the theory that studying the margins of women's experiences better reveals the mainstream. Yet, the perceived ordinariness of the woman teacher may be especially helpful to illuminate periods of significant change in the meaning of gender.

scholarly journals ПОНЯТТЯ СПРАВЕДЛИВІСТЬ ТА ЙОГО ЗНАЧЕННЯ ДЛЯ ГЕНДЕРНОЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Тетяна Костіна ◽  
Ірина Булах
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
History Of Sexuality ◽  
Open Society ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oxford University Press

Статтю присвячено теоретичному аналізу концепту справедливість та його ролі в контексті психологічних досліджень у гендерній психології. Проведений науковий пошук засвідчив існування різних підходів до розуміння змісту та сутності поняття справедливості у гуманітарних науках. Осмислення цього концепту залежить від історичної епохи, соціально-політичного устрою, економічних факторів функціонування суспільства. Показано існування взаємозв’язку між мораллю, правом та справедливістю як базовим принципом взаємодій людей у суспільстві. Критерієм справедливості часто виступала рівність. Виявлено, що в різні історичні епохи панував принцип справедливої нерівності, коли одні мали привілеї, а інші були їх позбавлені. Особливо гостро це стосувалося представниць жіночої статі. Зазначено, що у філософії справедливість позначається як вищий принцип людського життя й основа для автономії і розвитку особистості. Визначено, що поруч із поняттям справедливість для філософської та психологічної науки важливим є концепт соціальна справедливість, який пояснює процес справедливої взаємодії між людиною і суспільством. Простежується, що у межах соціальних подій ХХ століття відбувся зсув парадигми розуміння принципів справедливості від «рівних можливостей» до «рівних результатів». Обґрунтовано, що дотримання гендерної рівності не може відбуватись без опори на принцип соціальної справедливості, зокрема, гендерної справедливості. В Україні на законодавчому рівні утверджена гендерна рівність і вимоги до її дотримання. Визначено, що сутність гендерної справедливості пов’язана з рівноправ’ям і справедливістю у розподілі благ та відповідальності між чоловіками і жінками. Підкреслено, що вивчення впливу психологічних і соціальних чинників на розгортання гендерної справедливості здійснюється у межах гендерної психології з використанням гендерного підходу. Стверджується, що використання принципу гендерної справедливості веде до становлення гендерної рівності. Література Аболіна, Т.Г. (2012). Теоретичні та соціокультурні передумови виникнення прикладної етики. В.І. Панченко (Ред.), Прикладна етика (с. 5–41). Київ : Центр учбової літератури.  Августин, А. (1998). О граде Божием. Книги ХІV–ХХІІ. Творения. (Т. 4.) Киев : УЦИММ-пресс. Аквінський, Т. (2003). Коментарі до Арістотелевої «Політики». Київ : Основи. Арістотель. (2000). Політика. Київ : Либідь. Бендас, Т.В. (2006). Гендерная психология. Санкт-Петербург : Питер. Бутенко, А.П. (Ред.). (1988). Социализм: социальная справедливость и равенство. Москва : Знание. Власова, О. (2009). Гендерное равенство как ресурс теории справедливости. Грані. Філософія, 5(67), 67–69. Режим доступу: http://eadnurt.diit.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/123456789/995/1/F-6.pdf Власюк, Ж.І. (2015). Виховання почуття справедливості у молодших школярів у позаурочній діяльності. Житомир : ЖДУ ім. І. Франка. Гегель, Г.В.Ф. (2004). Феноменологія духу. Київ : Основи. Гулевич, О. (2011). Социальная психология справедливости. Москва : Изд-во «Институт психологии РАН». Данильян, О.Г. (Ред.). (2005). Философия права. Москва : Изд-во Эксмо. Дынник, М.А. (Ред.). (1955). Материалисты Древней Греции: собр. текстов Гераклита, Демокрита, Эпикура. Москва : Государственное издательство политической литературы. Загальна декларація прав людини. ООН. (1948). Режим доступу: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_015#Text Закон України «Про забезпечення рівних прав і можливостей жінок і чоловіків». (2005). №2866-ІV. Режим доступу: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2866-15#Text Кант, И. (2000). Лекции по этике. Москва : Республика. Кашников, Б.Н. (2001). Концепция общей справедливости Аристотеля: опыт реконструкции. Этическая мысль. Москва : РАН, Институт философии. Клочек, Л.В. (2019). Психологія соціальної справедливості у педагогічній взаємодії. (Дис. д-ра психол. наук). Київ. Конституція України. (1996). Режим доступу: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws Манхейм, К. (1994). Идеология и утопия: Диагноз нашего времени. Москва : Юрист. Маркс, К. & Энгельс, Ф. (1961). Сочинения. Москва : Государственное издательство политической литературы.  Марценюк, Т. (2019). Інтеграція гендерної складової в аналітичні матеріали. Київ : МФ «Відродження».  МОЗ розіслало в Telegram сексистські постери про карантин. (2020). Режим доступу: https://zmina.info/news/moz-rozislalo-u-telegram-seksystski-postery-pro-karantyn/ Мор, Т., & Кампанелла, Т. (1988). Утопія. Місто сонця. Київ : Видавництво художньої літератури «Дніпро». Оганесян, А.К. (1990). Равенство и справедливость (концепции Д. Роулса и Д. Белла). Москва : Изд-во политической литературы. Потапова, О. & Салахова, Я. (2018). Від дискримінації до гендерної справедливості. Київ : МОМ. Під час пандемії жінки частіше потерпають від домашнього насильства. (2020). Укрінформ. Режим доступу: https://www.ukrinform.ua/ Платон. (2000). Держава. Київ : Либідь.  Рогожа, М. (2009). Соціальна мораль: колізії мінімалізму. (Монографія). Київ : Парапан. Руссо, Ж.-Ж. (2016). Эмиль, или о воспитании. Москва : Литрес. Сидоренко, І. (2014). Історичні інтерпретації принципу справедливості. Культура і сучасність, 5, 8–12.  Сумченко, І.В. (2012). Філософські концепції справедливості: особливості інтерпретації. Філософія і політологія в контексті сучасної культури, 4(2), 212–218. Ткалич, М. (2011). Гендерна психологія. Київ : Академвидав.  Тофтул, М. Г. (2014). Сучасний словник з етики. Житомир : ЖДУ.  Фальковська, Л.М. (2011). Справедливість як предмет соціально-психологічного дослідження. Проблеми політичної психології та її роль у становленні громадянина Української держави, 11, 290–299. Цыганкова, Г.П. (2009). Психология гендерного воспитания в высшем колледже. Минск : МГВРК. Шведова, Н.А. (2002). Просто о сложном: гендерное просвещение. Режим доступa: http://www.owl.ru/win/books/easygender/part1_2.html Шевченко, З.В. (2016). Словник ґендерних термінів. Черкаси : видавець Чабаненко Ю.  Bryson, V. (2007). Gender and the politics of time: feminist theory and contemporary debates. Bristol, UK : The Policy Press. Burn, Sh. (1995). The social psychology of gender. McGraw-Hill Humanities.  Locke, J. (2003). Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge : CUP. Popper, K. (2020). The Open Society and Its Enemies. Princeton : PUP. Foucault, M. (1985). The History of Sexuality. Chicago : University Press. Hobbes, Th. (2008). Leviathan. Oxford : Oxford University Press. Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge : Mass. Valdeavilla, E. & Manapat, F. (2001). Breaking New Grounds for Women's Empowerment. Manila : NCRFW.

What Can We Learn from Liver?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela DeSoucey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Animal Rights Activism ◽  
Foie Gras

This chapter summarizes the complex dynamics surrounding the consumption of foie gras. It discusses the history of the foie gras industry as well as its arrival and reception in the United States, particularly the animal rights activism surrounding the food. Building on this more controversial side of foie gras, the chapter places this foodstuff within the larger context of morality and gastropolitics, illuminating the social meanings and values behind cuisine. In addition to this, the chapter also accounts for the economics of foie gras, by paying attention to the institutional structures in which it is embedded. The chapter argues that to fully grasp the concerns and consequences of gastropolitics, we can, and must, look at how foods and foodways sit at the intersection of markets, the state, and social movements.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document